有機廢棄物의 Composting에 관한 實驗的 硏究

鄭鳳洙,許南秀 진주산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

This study has been carried out to investigate the condition to the change of ventilating amount and moisture content and the most suitable condition of each factor that organic matter in wastes is composting with small experimental apparatus during a week, The results of the study indicate the following conclusions: 1. At the moisture in the range of 40­70% the mean moisture content during discharge is showed the low value of 4.8% and it is considered that the most suitable moisture content is proper in the range of 55­65%. 2. At the ventilating amount in the range of 0.05­3.5ℓ/min. ㎏­vm, anaerobic condition at 0.05ℓ/min. ㎏­vm is unable to make rapid composting and at 3.5ℓ/min. ㎏­vm is able to make rapid composting to have weight loss of 3.3% because of moisture evaporation with excessive ventilation. 3. In the proper condition, the most suitable ventilating amount is in the range of 0.7­2.0ℓ/min. ㎏­vm and the highest temperature is 70℃. 4. pH value of each matter in the range of 4.7­8.0 and pH value during discharge is generally showed high value. 5. The sawdust with pH value at 4.7 is not become rapid composting because of slow temperature rising and the proper pH value is in the range of 7­8. 6. C/N ratio of each matter is showed in the range of 30­110 and generally its proper range is about 60. 7. The activity of microbes is the most active in the range of 45­50℃.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서 Clostridium thermocellum Endoglucanase 유전자의 구성적 발현

남수완,정대균,정봉현 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.1

To develop an effective and powerful yeast probiotics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing cellulolytic enzymes were genetically engineered. We constructed two plasmids in which the endoglucanase A gene, celA, of Clostridium thermocellum was connected in frame with ADH1 or GAPDH promoter. These plasmids were transformed into various S. cerevisiae host strains, and then the cell growth, expression level and plasmid stability between the transformed yeast cells were examined in the flask culture. The difference in genetic background of host strains did affect significantly the cell growth and expression level of endoglucanase. Based on the higher levels of cell growth(5.4∼5.9 g-DCW/L) and plasmid stability(79∼85%), three host cells(YNN27, 2805 and SEY2102) and ADH1 promoter were selected as optimal host-vector systems for the constitutive expression of celA. The recombinant yeast produced about 200 unit/L of endoglucanase as a growth-associated manner in the batch fermentation, due to the increased cell growth of 11∼13 g-DCW/L. In addition, 25∼38% and 53∼64% of the endoglucanase activity were detected in the culture medium and periplasmic space, respectively. These results indicate that the signal sequence of celA functioned well in S. cerevisiae cells and the recombinant yeast cells can be employed for the production of probiotics.

65세 이상 노인 급성 심근경색증 환자의 사망에 영향을 미치는 인자들

정봉기,양금열,손준혁,주시내,남홍우,전용덕,이홍순 대한노인병학회 2001 대한노인병학회지 Vol.5 No.2

다발성 골수종에서 저용량 thalidomide, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone (TCD) 요법의 효과

류충헌,정재현,고정해,장제혁,박영진,최규남,박봉수,이상민,주영돈 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

Background and Objectives : The immunomodulatory drug thalidomide can inhibit angiogenesis and induce apoptosis in experimental models. It can also induce marked and durable response in newly diagnosed myeloma patients. Thalidomide has been used at doses ranging from 200 to 800 mg with significant toxicity. No data are available on the impact of low-dose thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone as initial therapy for myeloma patients. Design and Methods : To address this issue, newly diagnosed myeloma patients were treated with 50 mg/day thalidomide continuously and cyclophosphamide 150 mg/m², days 1-4 and dexamethasone 20 mg/m², days 1-5 and day 15-19, every month. Between October 2005 and October 2006, 14 patients (median age 54.5 years) were treated with low-dose thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. Results : After a minimum of two cycles of treatment, 5 patients (55.5%) showed a partial remission. After four cycles of treatment, 10 patients (83.3%) showed a partial remission (n=6) and complete remission (n=4). After a median follow-up of 15.4 months, 1 year overall survival rate was 82.0%. Thalidomide was well tolerated without serious toxic effects. Conclusions : The combination of low-dose thalidomide, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone demonstrates favorable response rate and 1 year overall survival rate in newly diagnosed myeloma. Severe toxicities were not seen with this combination.

하악골 성장 지표로서 경추골 성숙도의 유용성

최봉선,최남기,김선미,양규호,정성수 大韓小兒齒科學會 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.4

This study was to investigate if cervical vertebrae maturation stages are as useful as hand-wrist maturation stages in evaluating the mandibular growth. The subject consisted of 292 girls aged from 8 to 16 years with normal occlusion. They were classified according to diagnosis by using studycast. lateral cephalogram, and handwrist X-ray film. The results were as follow: 1. Cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist maturation stages increased with age. 2. All mandibular measurements (Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn, N-Me) increased linearly with cervical vertebrae maturation stages. 3. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn increased linearly with hand-wrist maturation stages. 4. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn increased relatively rapidly between cervical vertebrae maturation stages 3 and 4. Go-Me and S-Gn increased relatively rapidly between hand-wrist maturation stages 6 and 7. 5. Ar-Go, Go-Me, N-Go, S-Gn, N-Me had high correlations with cervical vertebrae maturation stages as well as hand-wrist maturation stages. These results suggest that cervical vertebrae maturation stages are reliable on evaluating the mandibular growth. 하악골 성장을 평가하는 데 경추골 성숙도가 수완부골 성숙도만큼 유용한가 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 정상교합을 가진 만 8세∼만 16세 여성 292명을 연구대상으로 하여 진단석고모형,측모두부규격방사선사진,그리고 수완부방사선사진을 이용하여 경추 및 수완부의 골성숙도를 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령 증가에 따라 경추 및 수완부의 골성숙도가 일정하게 증가하였다. 2. 경추골 성숙도가 증가할수록 Ar-Go,Go-Me,N-Go,S-Gn,N-Me이 일정하게 증가하였다. 3. 수완부골 성숙도가 증가할수록 Ar-Go,Go-Me,N-Go,S-Gn이 일정하게 증가 하였다. 4. 경추골 성숙도 3단계와 4단계 사이에서 Ar-Go,Go-Me,N-Go,S-Gn이 크게 증가하였고,수완부골 성숙도 6단계와 7단계 사이에서 Go-Me,S-Gn이 크게 증가 하였다. 5. Ar-Go,Go-Me,N→Go,S一Gn,N-Me은 경추 및 수완부 골성숙도와 각각 유의 한 상관성을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 하악골 성장을 평가하는 데에 경추골 성숙도가 수완부골 성숙도처럼 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

光陸 및 五臺山의 主要森林 植物의 Energy 및 양분순환에 對하여

朴奉奎,金遵敏,張楠基 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1970 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.4 No.-

1. 森林植物의 地上部의 養分量은 葉枝, 幹中, 葉量과 그 含有比에 따라 決定된다. 2. N, P, K, Ca, Mg의 器管別 含有率은 잎이 가장 높고 가지가 中間이며 줄기가 제일 낮다. 3. 林木에 있어서는 落葉針葉樹가 N, P, K의 含有比가 가장 높았고 상록침엽수보다는 활엽낙엽수가 그含有比가 높았다. 4. 전나무, 잣나무, 참나무林에서는 養分現存量이 가장 높았고 소나무림이 가장 적었으며 서나무, 아카시나무, 낙엽송림은 中間程度였다. 5. 林牀에서 energy와 CO_2의 放出率의 大小는 서나무, 아카시나무, 참나무, 낙엽송, 잣나무, 전나무, 소나무落葉의 순서였다. 6. Energy와 有權炭素의 林牀堆積量의 多少는 放出量과 正反對 순위며 分解量은 同一한 순서였다. 7. 낙엽에 축척되어 있는 Energy가 半減하는데 要하는 時間은 서나무, 아카시나무, 참나무, 낙엽송, 잣나무, 소나무에 있어서 各各 1.8年, 2.0年, 2.6年, 2.7年, 36年, 4.5年, 5.3年이였다. 8. 토양으로 되돌아 가는 N, P, K, Ca의 無機養料의 量은 상록침엽수보다 낙엽활엽수림에서 더욱 많다. 9. 토양으로 되돌아 가는 Mg의 量은 樹種에 따라 다르며 소나무와 참나무林이 가장 많았고 서나무와 낙엽송림이 가장 적었다. 10. 森林에 있어서 降水에 依한 養分의 樹冠洗脫量은 K가 가장 많았고 Ca와 Mg은 中間이며 N과 P는 比較的 적었다. An inv estigation was performed to elwidate the energy flow and the nutruent cycle trees in Mt. Otae and Kwang-nung plantation stands. As the trees become larger, they contain greater amounts of natrients, and there were close relationships between the dry weights and the nutrient contents for each element habitat regionless of tree species and habitat conditions. A great portion of the nutrients in a tree is accumulated in the leaves. There was a tendency for the N,P,K and Ca concentration to be higher in deciduous forest tress, than in the evergreen coniferous forest trees. The decomposition rate of deciduous litters was than that of coniferous litters. The time required for the decomposition of half of the accumulated organic matter of deciduous litter and coniferous litter in the forest stands are 1.8∼2.6 years and 2.7∼5.7 years reapectively. The amounts of N,P,K and Ca returned annually to the soil is higher in the decidu ous forests than in the evergreen coniferous stands. Very large amounts of K, significant amounts of Ca and Mg, but only small amounts of N and P were leached from the canopy by rain. The amounts of nutrients in the litter fall and in the rain wash, together with anestimate of the amounts in the twig and timber fall, have been added together to give the rate of the nutrient cycle under these forests.

동절기 근권부 온도가 비모란 생장 및 품질에 미치는 영향

정명일,정봉남,김재영 한국화훼연구회 2002 화훼연구 Vol.10 No.1

접목선인장의 동계재배를 위하여 근권의 온도를 15, 20, 25, 30, 35℃로 조절한 처리구와 조절하지 않은 대조구를 두어 비모란 Sun, Pink품종을 재배하였다. 처리 6개월 후 구경, 생체중, 건물중에 있어서 Sun품종은 25℃, Pink품종은 20℃에서 가장 좋았다. 특히 비모란의 구경과 구중은 15℃ 처리와 온도처리를 하지 않은 대조구에서 낮은 경향을 보여 근권부 저온이 생육에 저해요인으로 작용하는 것으로 보였다. 대목으로 이용한 삼각주의 뿌리 생육은 25℃ 처리에서 생체중과 건물중이 높았고 15℃에서는 아주 불량하였으며, 뿌리의 활력은 20℃에서 높았다. 구색에 있어서는 Sun품종은 유의성이 인정되지 않았으며 Pink품종은 온도가 높을수록 황색화 되었다. 적색의 betacyanins 색소 함량은 온도가 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 상품의 생산율은 Sun품종은 25℃, Pink 품종은 20℃에서 높았으며 그 이상과 이하에서는 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 정식초기에는 25℃로 관리하여 발근을 촉진시킨 후 출하기까지 20℃로 관리하면 생육을 촉진시킬 수 있으며 겨울철에도 정상적인 생산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. Abstract. In order to observe the possibility of winter season production of G. mihanovichii cvs., Sun and Pink were cultivated under temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, and under conventional cultivation method for comparison. Increasement of the diameter, fresh and dry weight of globes was best at 25℃ in cv. Sun, and at 20℃ in cv. Pink. Especially, globe diameter and fresh weight were bad at 15℃ and in conventional cultivation method. From the results it was determined that low temperature around root-zone greatly affect the growth of globes. Root fresh and dry weight of Heoylocereus trigonus used for stock plants showed good at 25℃ and bad at 15℃, but its activity was highest at 20℃. Color did not show any statistical significance in various temperature, but 'Pink' showed tendency of turning yellow by increasing the temperature. Quality and productivity was good at 20℃ and 25℃, and was bad at below those temperature. From the results it was concluded that if G. mihanovichii were cultivated for rooting at 25℃ in early planting period and were maintained to activating growth at 20℃ until marketing time, regular production of G. mihanovichii in winter season would be possible.

재조합 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로부터 인체 리포코틴-Ⅰ의 분비 생산 및 정제

김병문,정봉현,이상기,박영훈,남수완 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Human lipocortin-I (LCI) is a calcium ion-dependent and phospholipid-binding protein which exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting phospholipase A₂ activity. In this study, the LCI gene containing its own terminator region was joined to GAL10 promoter-ppL (prepro-leader sequence of mating factor a). An ATG start codon of LCI gene was placed at downstream with KR endoprotease recognition site (Lys-Arg) of ppL. Recombinant S. cerevisiae harboring the LCI expression/secretion vector, pYGLPT5, was aerobically grown on a liquid YPDG medium at 30℃ for 72hrs. The whole cell and culture supernatant were separated after centrifugation, and the expressed LCI was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting methods. A majority fraction of the expressed LCI was found to be accumulated in the intracellular fraction, resulting in very low secretion efficiency of about 7.4%. About 500mg/ℓof LCI was extracellularly produced by the fed-batch culture employing the controlled-feeding of glucose and galactose. The secreted LCI was purified by ultrafiltration and hydroxylapatite column chromatography, and a purity of more than 99% was obtained.

동북아시아 지역의 국가적 월경환경오염 분석과 대처방안에 관한 연구

김태응,정원문,조남운,임봉수 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Recently, social agreement on the environment pollution has gradually increased in the national and global scope. Also in the last one decades fast industrialism in China has caused to the nations concerns and anxiety on the environmental problems of the North-East Asia including Japan. Korea located mostly close to China has been effected directly on the pollutant products produced from China and many environmental co-work problems of both nations has become to delayed objects anymore. The purpose of this study is to investigate cases and problems of the national overflowing environment pollution and describe answerings.

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).