大學에서의 教養教育과 外國語教育

李復圭 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 1976 교사교육연구 Vol.3 No.1

The more the industrial society is specialized, the more specialists are needed. Accordingly the university, that produces them, becomes large-sized and intensifies the vocational education. This is the reason that the general education has become one of the essential functions of the university. As the result of the expansion, the university education for a number of elites becomes the general education for the mass, and the intensified vocational education also requires, as its basis, the general education as well as the research and study. The three-vocational education, research and general education-are the functions of the modern university in the advanced society. While these three are well harmonized in the universities of the well developped society, the Korean universities lay larger stress on the vocational education, and its direct result is the neglect of the general education as a whole. To make the matter worse, the foreign language teaching has another reason for the neglect. It is the lack of a definite theoretical conviction about the necessity of learning. Before the world war II,Reading was dominant in the foreign language teaching for the general education. With the end of the war, in order to reply the increasing need for the internation cultural interchange and mutual understanding, the property of the language as means of communication was emphasized, reading was condemned as the loss of energy and time, and speaking was the goal to be reached. But fluency of speaking is not attainable in the general school education under contemporary conditions. Thus the foreign language teaching came to be considered as good for nothing. But beside? as the means of communication, the foreign language has another important use. It has something essential to do with making of a man. That is why the classical lauguages have been studied in Europe and Chinese in Orient. Not speaking but reading is fundamental and important in the foreign language, learning. The reason for being of the foreign language learning in the general education is to be found in reading classics, developping one's mind, and forming such a character as proper to a good citizen;

獨逸俚諺(Ⅰ)

李復圭 釜山大學校 師範大學 1978 교사교육연구 Vol.5 No.1

It is said that in proverbs Germany is richer than any other country in the world. In Germany, proverbs have been used so often in the daily conversation and many proverbs are quoted in the literary works. So the knowledge about German proverbs is essential to the full understanding of the German nation and literature. But the definition and the characterisics of the proverb have not been determined exactly. The aim of this study is to investigate "What and how are German proverbs?" So Seiler's theory about the proverb, and the similar-to-proverb phrases and sentences are examined. In order to ascertain the characterisics, German proverbs are classified according to their origin,and compared with the similar ones of other nations. Famous collections and studies are introduced, too. And some kinds of quotaion-forms of the proverbs in the literary work, are shown in order to see the importance of the proverbs for the thorough understanding of the works.

大學의 外國語敎育

李復圭 釜山大學校 師範大學 1977 교사교육연구 Vol.4 No.1

Since the world war Ⅱ, the world has been getting smaller, and more international day by day. The relations among nations are so near and close that the educational plan, for instance, of one nation will lose its actual effect, if it has not been based upon the international validity In such an international era as this, the understanding of foreign languages is one of the most fundamental and essential conditions for world-wide communication and co-operation. In the United States of America, even before the War, they had realized the importance of the foreign, language education, and during the war they concentrated their efforts on the foreign language teaching in the armed services, as they were sure that it will help win the war. In this case, they made the area study at the same time. They believed that this would ensure good results in the foregin language teaching. In those days, the academic world had noticed the faults of the extreme specialization, and the movement for the synthetic metod of research had developped the area study as a new field in the sciences. The results of this area study, adopted both to the research and to the teaching, had proved to be so satisfactory during the war that nowadays it had become a fashion among various universities and institutions all over the world. This essay will treat the essential relations between the area study and the foreign language teaching, as well as some problems in connection with it.

Ca^(2+)-감수성 증가기전과 평활근 수축

이연리,김보경,최원호,김태경,이창권,배영민,조성일 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.14 No.-

Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by intracellular Ca^(2+) ([Ca^(2+)]_(i)) and the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). However, various kinds of vasoconstrictors induce a further contraction at a given [Ca^(2+)]_(i), and elicit a sustained contraction under Ca^(2+) -depleted conditions, referred to as "Ca^(2+) -sensitization", in intact and membrane-pen-neabilized smooth muscle. Previously, several molecules, including protein kinase C (PKC), RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), have been suggested as candidate regulators of Ca^(2+) -sensitization. In the present review, we describe the role of PKC, RhoA, and MAPK in the regulation of Ca^(2+) -sensitization, and suggest a new model in research for the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

5종의 치주질환균에 대한 프로폴리스의 항균효과

이은지,김소민,박소민,박복리,홍성익,김현정 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1,2

Since the oral cavity is directly connected to the outside, it is an important site for microbial invasion, and since it is an environment that is nutritionally and physiologically easy to multiply bacteria, many bacteria always form bacteriological flora in the oral cavity. And propolis is a natural treatment used in many health food stores in various forms for local treatment. This study analyzes the changes in the activity of five oral microorganisms before and after consumption of propolis for various age groups to find out how propolis, which shows the efficacy of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immune sensitization, affects oral microorganisms. Five types of bacteria possessed by periodontal disease patients were specified and digitized targeting the public person, and then before and after propolis intake was compared, and the levels of periodontal disease bacteria in the intake group and the non-consumption group were compared. As a result of comparing the patterns before ingestion (0 week) and after ingestion (3 week) in the oral bacteria analysis, it was confirmed that the bacteria decreased overall except for the five populations in the propolis intake group. In contrast, in the comparative group that did not intake propolis, the bacteria of five periodontal disease increased except for the four populations. What can be seen from this result is that propolis is effective in reducing bacteria in five types of periodontal disease. In order to use propolis as a food for preventing periodontal disease and to get a better effect, further research is needed to find out the mechanism of antibacterial action in propolis compounds.

Effect of Hot Water Treatments for Disinfection on Meloidogyne spp. and Heat Damage of Allium hookeri

Bok-ri Park,Bo-Ram Kim,YuJeong Shin,NohYoul Heo,Donghun Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Imported Allium hookeri is sometimes infected by some quarantine nematodes like Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp. Hot water treatment(HWT) is reported as the most effective treatment method for disinfection of nematodes. The primary goal of this research was to determine the temperature tolerance of Allium hookeri and lethal temperature of Meloidogyne spp., preferably in the range of 5~30minutes at 48~53℃. Second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne spp. were successfully eliminated in hot water bath treated at 48℃ within 1 minute. Egg hatching was suppressed completely at 48℃ more than 26 minutes. No evidence of growth damage was observed on plants treated with HWT even at 48℃ for 30 minutes and 49℃ for 10 minutes. Therefore, the optimum range of HWT is recommended at 48℃ for 30 minutes and 49℃ for 10 minutes on Allium hookeri infected root-knot(Meloidogyne spp.) nematode.

RNA interference of two ovary transcripts of an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, suppresses replication of its symbiotic polydnavirus

Bok-ri Park,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are a group of insect double stranded DNA viruses and symbiotically associated with host endoparasitoid wasps. Their segmented genome is located in host chromosome(s) in a proviral form. Viral replication is initiated at the ovary during late pupal stages. Little is known about the factors involved in the viral replication. This study analyzed the ovarian transcripts of an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, by 454 pyrosequencing and subsequent gene annotation. Out of 2,226 contigs and 12,457 singletons, 50 transcripts categorized in DNA replication, coat proteins, and viral origins were selected as putative viral replication factors. The selected genes were analyzed in their expressions according to host wasp development. Quantitative real-time RT-PCRs showed that some of the selected genes were expressed during the viral replication at late pupal stage. Using RNA interference, five putative genes were tested in their implication in the viral replication by analyzing viral DNA amplification, structure of ovarian calyx, and parasitism. RNA interference of contig#1004 (broad complex) or contig#174 (a viral DNA polymerase gene) significantly inhibited DNA amplification without any impairment of viral formation, and subsequently resulted in significant reduction in the wasp parasitism. This study reports that two wasp genes (or not encapsidated viral genes) are implicated in the viral DNA amplification and viral coat protein production during the polydnaviral replication.

Exogenous JH and ecdysteroid applications alter initiation of polydnaviral replication in an endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera)

( Bok Ri Park ),( Yong Gyun Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2011 BMB Reports Vol.44 No.6

Polydnaviruses are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses and are symbiotically associated with some ichneumonoid wasps. As proviruses, the replication of polydnaviruses occurs in the female reproductive organ at the pupal stage. This study analyzed the effects of two developmental hormones, juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid, on the viral replication of Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). All 23 CpBV segments identified contained a conserved excision/rejoining site (``AGCTTT``) from their proviral segments. Using quantitative real-time PCR based on this excision/rejoining site marker, initiation of CpBV replication was determined to have occurred on day 4 on the pupal stage. Pyriproxyfen, a JH agonist, significantly inhibited adult emergence of C. plutellae, whereas RH5992, an ecdysteroid agonist, had no inhibitory effect. Although RH5992 had no effect dose on adult development, it significantly accelerated viral replication. The results of immunoblotting assays against viral coat proteins support the effects of the hormone agonists on viral replication. [BMB reports 2011; 44(6): 393-398]

New Records of Host Plant for Radopholus similis Isolated from Agathis dammara

Na-Ri Lee,Dong Woo Kim,Bo-ram Kim,Bok-ri Park,Jae yong Chun 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04

The aim of the study is to report Radopholus similis detected from Agathis dammara in Thailand as new host plant. Existing host of R. similis was known as coffee, pepper, sugarcane and banana etc. This nematode in this study was observed morphologic character using Carl Zeiss Axioimager M2 and Axiovision Rel. 4.8 program. The result shows that a and b of the female was distorted toward maximum value of original description of species, and b′, c and stylet length was distorted toward minimum value of original description of species. This nematode was morphologically distinguished from originally detected R. similis, but measured value was similar in range of original description of species. For more information, molecular assay was also confirmed the R. similis with 98% homology with the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. We provided PCR-amplified ITS nucleotide sequence.

연구논문 : STEAM 관점에서 2009 개정 화학1 교과서 분석

복주리 ( Ju Ri Bok ),장낙한 ( Nak Han Jang ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2012 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.36 No.2

이번 연구를 통해 고등학교 1,2학년 학생들이 학습하는 2009 개정 교육과정 화학Ⅰ검정 교과서 4종을 선정하여 과학적 지식 외에 어떠한 STEAM 요소를 포함하고 있는지 분석하였다. 각 단원별,출판사 별, 교과서의 영역별로 포함된 STEAM 요소의 종류와 수는 어떻게 다르게 나타나는가에 관한 연구 문제를 선정하고 결과를 분석해 보았다. 현 교과서의 내용과 잘 맞지 않는 STEAM 요소의 새로운 하위요소들을 정하고, 새로운 분류 틀 을 만들어 그 분류틀을 기준으로 분류 하였다. 먼저 예술 분야의 경우 방법적인 면에서의 예술 분야를 ``표현예술``로 만화, 토의, 역할놀이의 하위요소를 가지며 내용적인 면에서의 예술 분야를 ``문화예술``로 사회문화, 과학자 이야기, 인류의 역사,직업탐구, 미술의 하위 요소를 갖는다. 기술과 공학요소는 서로 분류하기 어려우므로 ``기술공학`` 이라는 하나의 분야로 통일하고, ``과학적 내용을 활용한 기술``과 ``과학적 발전에 활용된 기술``의 두 가지 하위 요소를 포함한다. 마지막으로 수학요소는 수, 연산, 단위변환, 구조모형의 하위 요소를 갖는다. 또한 교과서에 포함된 STEAM요소의 교과서 안의 위치영역을 도입부, 본문, 보충자료의 세 영역으로 분류하고, 본문의 경우 내용과 탐구영역으로 세분화 하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 대부분의 교과서가 개정 교육과정의 의도를 파악하여 다른 분야를 통해 학습이 일어나게 하기위해 STEAM 요소를 포함 하고 있었다. 그러나 교과서 별로 활용하는 학습 방법이 제한되어 있으며, 교과서의 종류에 따라 조금 다르게 나타났다. 또한 포함하고 있는 세부요소의 종류는 전체14종류 밖에 되지 않으며, 그것도 교과서 별로 몇가지 요소에 집중돼는 경향을 나타내는 것으로 보아 현재 화학교육에서 활용되는 STEAM 교육에는 한계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 단원별로는 수업내용에 따라 포함된 STEAM 요소가 다르게 나타났는데, 많은 수의 STEAM 요소가 Ⅰ단원에 포함되어 있는 것으로 보아 수업 내용에 수학, 역사 들이 포함되어 있지 않는 경우 STEAM 요소가 포함되기 어려움을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 영역별로 포함된 STEAM 요소의 경우 요소들이 대부분이 보충자료 영역에 포함되어 있고, 그 요소가 문화 예술이 가장 많은 것으로 보아 실제적으로 화학 지식에 대한 활용적인 면에만 STEAM이 활용되며 화학지식에 대한 접근 방법적 융합교육이 매우 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 현재, 국내 교육계에서 STEAM 교육에 관해 주시하고 있는 만큼, 새로운 교육적 경향인STEAM 교육이란 무엇인지에 관해 면밀히 탐구하고, STEAM 교육의 효과와 프로그램 및 교재 개발에 대한 엄밀한 연구가 필요하다. 이러한 연구들을 통해서 저학년들에게 집중되어 있는 융합교육을 전학생들에게 확대하고, 궁극적으로 평생에 걸친 학습 시대에 스스로 활용 할 수 있게 될 것이다. This study was analyzed that what kind of elements for STEAM, except scientific commonsense, are contained in 2009 revised chemistry textbooks I for high school students. So first, elements of STEAM in textbooks were examined by following three sections; by publishing company, each unit and area of textbook. For reference, new sub-elements of STEAM were set because existing elements of STEAM is incongruent with current textbooks. As a result, most chemistry textbooks included elements of STEAM properly for inter-related learning with the other fields. Every textbook had its unique learning methods for utilizing elements of STEAM and they were unified as one way. Depending on textbooks, learning methods were little bit different from the others. Also, detailed elements of STEAM contained in textbooks were classified just 14 types. And they were even focused on a few elements according to sort of textbook. Thus, it seemed that there was a certain limitation of current education of STEAM in chemistry Field. By the unit, according to the curriculum, contained elements of STEAM were different. Almost all elements of STEAM were located in Ⅰsection. Consequently, it is difficult to include elements of STEAM if mathematics or history were not existed in curriculum. Lastly, by the area, most of all elements of STEAM were included in reference section. Almost all elements of STEAM were focused on art and culture. Thus, STEAM was used for utilization about chemical knowledge in substance. Otherwise, convergence training for approach method was not enough in chemical knowledge.