Partisan Conflict and American Public Opinion Towards East Asia

Yaeli Bloch Elkon(옐리 블로-엘컨),Robert Y. Shapiro(로버트 샤피로) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2009 亞細亞硏究 Vol.52 No.1

Since the 1970s American politics has become increasingly polarized along partisan and ideological lines. Until recently, this polarization has been widely debated mainly in the area of domestic economic and social policymaking. Shapiro and Bloch-Elkon (2007), found that partisan and ostensibly ideological conflict have been a visible characteristic of foreign policy debates as well, suggesting a major change in the nature of American politics. This paper examines surveys conducted from the 1990’s until the present by different organizations, to see the extent to which, if any, the American public’s as well as leaders’ opinions on U.S foreign policy issues towards East Asian countries (South Korea, North Korea, China and Japan), have also become more polarized along Democratic-Republican partisan and ideological lines. It finds that for the most part the opinions toward East Asian countries have not been heavily embroiled in the ongoing partisan conflict. North Korea, from 2004 onward because of its growing nuclear capability, has been seen as a threat by all segments of the American public. This development and the otherwise low salience of U.S.-East Asian relations compared to other areas of American foreign policy, affected how the public thought about this region in partisan and ideological terms.

과학과 공학 ; 하나의 연속체

에릭블록,김우준,이병기 한국공학기술학회 1996 공학교육동향 Vol.2 No.4

자료 ; 행정대학원을 위한 프로그람 - 불란서 국립 행정대학원의 미래상 -

노화준,Francois Bloch Laine 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 1970 行政論叢 Vol.8 No.2

Kritische Analyse des deutschen Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetzes und Gesetzesvorschläge für die Regulierung von sozialen Netzwerken

Jungnyum Lee,Dennis Bloch 한독사회과학회 2018 한독사회과학논총 Vol.28 No.4

독일의 „소셜네트워크에 있어 법운용의 개선을 위한 법률 (Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Rechtsdurchsetzung in sozialen Netzwerken, Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz)“ - 즉 네트워크운용법 - 은 소셜네트워크에 등장하는 혐오발언 또는 페이크뉴스를 규율하기 위한 목적으로 2017년 10월 1일부터 효력을 발휘하고 있다. 네트워크운용법은 네트워크 상 혐오범죄와 가벌적 내용들에 효과적이고 빠르게 대응할 수 있도록 소셜네트워크를 규율하는데 필요한 새로운 내용들을 담고 있다. 네트워크운용법의 타당성에 대하여는 독일 기본법과 관련하여 논란이 되고 있고 규제의 접근방식에 대하여도 비판이 이어지고 있기는 하나, 동법은 한국에서 소위 페이크뉴스에 관한 문제들의 규율을 위한 법적 근거를 마련하기 위한 논의과정에서 선례로 작용하고 있다. 본 논문은 한국에서 페이크뉴스의 규율을 위한 입법적 논의를 하는 데 있어 참조가 되고 있는 독일 네트워크운용법에 내재되어 있는 법적 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 필요한 내용들을 제안하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 이를 위하여 본 논문은 네트워크운용법의 도입이 유, 기본적인 내용 및 주요하게 언급되는 법적 문제들을 다루는 한편, 새로운 규제방식의 이행과 관련된 첫 번째 보고내용들은 물론 관련 판례의 입장들을 분석함으로써, 종국적으 로 네트워크운용법의 개정을 위한 구체적인 방안들을 언급하고 있다. The German „Act to Improve Enforcement of the Law in Social Networks (Network Enforcement Act)“, which aims to combat Hate Speech and Fake News in social networks, entered into force on 1 October 2017. The German Network Enforcement Act includes a novel approach to the regulation of social networks to contain hate crime and other criminal content on the internet effectively and immediately. However, the compatibility of the law with the German Basic Law is controversial and also the functionality of the regulatory approach attracts criticism. Nevertheless, the law serves as a model for the development of legal regulation in South Korea by means of which the Korean legislator intends to specifically regulate the social media with respect to so-called „Fake News“. This paper focuses on the concrete proposals for removing the main shortcomings of the legislation which are also intended to contribute to the discussion on the regulation of social networks in South Korea. Concretely, the paper presents the reasons for the introduction of the Network Enforcement Act, the essential content of the Network Enforcement Act, the main legal problems of the legislation and analyses the first experiences und relevant judgements regarding the new regulatory approach of the Network Enforcement Act. Finally, the paper submits proposals for the revision of the Network Enforcement Act.

Overview of the Patent Litigation Reforms: Picking up Where the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act Left Off

( James G. Mcewen ),( David S. Bloch ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2013 동북아법 Vol.7 No.-

It was hoped the Leahy-Smith American Invents Act (the “AIA”), in combination with legal decisions, would achieve a workable balance between the rights of inventors to protect their inventors and the rights of society to not be encumbered with invalid patents and vexatious patent plaintiffs. However, there remains a concern that certain classes of patent owners had adopted abusive patent litigation techniques that the AIA failed to mitigate. This has led Congress to consider another round of patent reform - this time aimed specifically at restricting the activities of non-practicing entities or “patent trolls.” Called the Innovation Act, H.R 3309, this article explores the significant provisions of the Innovation Act which focus on patent litigation issues along with a discussion on potential pitfalls of each section.

Experimental Screening of Porous Materials for High Pressure Gas Adsorption and Evaluation in Gas Separations: Application to MOFs (MIL-100 and CAU-10)

Wiersum, Andrew D.,Giovannangeli, Christophe,Vincent, Dominique,Bloch, Emily,Reinsch, Helge,Stock, Norbert,Lee, Ji Sun,Chang, Jong-San,Llewellyn, Philip L. American Chemical Society 2013 ACS combinatorial science Vol.15 No.2

<P>A high-throughput gas adsorption apparatus is presented for the evaluation of adsorbents of interest in gas storage and separation applications. This instrument is capable of measuring complete adsorption isotherms up to 40 bar on six samples in parallel using as little as 60 mg of material. Multiple adsorption cycles can be carried out and four gases can be used sequentially, giving as many as 24 adsorption isotherms in 24 h. The apparatus has been used to investigate the effect of metal center (MIL-100) and functional groups (CAU-10) on the adsorption of N<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and light hydrocarbons on MOFs. This demonstrates how it can serve to evaluate sample quality and adsorption reversibility, to determine optimum activation conditions and to estimate separation properties. As such it is a useful tool for the screening of novel adsorbents for different applications in gas separation, providing significant time savings in identifying potentially interesting materials.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/acsccc/2013/acsccc.2013.15.issue-2/co300128w/production/images/medium/co-2012-00128w_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/co300128w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Lymphatic Malformations of the Orbit

Susanne Wiegand,Behfar Eivazi,Linda M. Bloch,Annette P. Zimmermann,Andreas M. Sesterhenn,Stephan Schulze,Jochen A. Werner,정호윤 대한이비인후과학회 2013 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.6 No.1

Objectives. Lymphatic malformations of the orbit are rare lesions that constitute approximately 1% to 8% of all orbital masses. They are difficult to treat since they do not remain within anatomic boundaries and tend to penetrate into normal orbital structures. The aim was to analyze clinical courses and therapy options in patients with lymphatic malformations of the orbit. Methods. Thirteen patients with orbital lymphatic malformations confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging between 1998 and 2009 were enrolled in this study. Patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed to analyze clinical courses and treatment options. Results. Four patients suffered from isolated intraorbital lymphatic malformations without conjunctival involvement, in three of them the masses were completely resected, in one patient close controls were performed. Three patients had isolated intraorbital lymphatic malformations with conjunctival involvement. Surgical volume reduction of the exterior parts of the lymphatic malformation were performed without any complications and satisfying outcome in these cases. Six patients suffered from intra- and periorbital lymphatic malformations. In 3 patients a watch-and-wait strategy was initiated. In the other 3 patients a surgical therapy was performed, one patient additionally received sclerotherapy with OK-432; however, these 3 patients suffered from residual lymphatic malformations. Conclusion. The presented cases underline the inconsistencies in the malformations behavior and underscore the inability to make specific recommendations regarding treatment. The treatment decision should be based on the size and location of the lymphatic malformation. The untreated patient must be watched for signs of visual detoriation, which may signal the need for therapeutic intervention.

Population Age Structure and Real Exchange Rate in OECD Countries: An Empirical Analysis

Kamrul Hassan,Ruhul Salim,Harry Bloch 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2020 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.18 No.1

This article examines the impact of population age structure on the real exchange rate. Data on a panel of 22 OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) countries over 1980-2015 period are used to estimate the empirical model. Using fixed effect model the paper finds that different age cohorts have a significant influence on the real exchange rates in the sample countries. The results are mostly consistent with the theoretical framework discussed in the paper and also with the findings of previous studies in this area. These results have important policy implications given the fact that the population is ageing in almost all the OECD economies these days.

Factor Structure and Validation of the Revised Suicide Crisis Inventory in a Korean Population

Park Ji Yoon,Rogers Megan L.,Bloch-Elkouby Sarah,Richards Jenelle A.,Lee Sungwoo,Galynker Igor,You Sungeun 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.2

Objective Because of the exceptionally high suicide rates in South Korea, new assessment methods are needed to improve suicide prevention. The current study aims to validate the revised Suicide Crisis Inventory-2 (SCI-2), a self-report measure that assesses a cognitiveaffective pre-suicidal state in a Korean sample.Methods With data from 1,061 community adults in South Korea, confirmatory factor analyses were first conducted to test the proposed one-factor and five-factor structures of the SCI-2. Also, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to examine possible alternative factor structure of the inventory.Results The one-factor model of the SCI-2 resulted in good model fit and similarly, the five-factor model also exhibited strong fit. Comparing the two models, the five-factor was evaluated as the superior model fit. An alternative 4-factor model derived from EFA exhibited a comparable model fit. The Korean version of the SCI-2 had high internal consistency and strong concurrent validity in relation to symptoms of suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety.Conclusion The SCI-2 is an appropriate and a valid tool for measuring one’s proximity to imminent suicide risk. However, the exact factor structure of the SCI-2 may be culture-sensitive and warrants further study.

SAMHD1 Has Differential Impact on the Efficacies of HIV Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Huber, Andrew D.,Michailidis, Eleftherios,Schultz, Megan L.,Ong, Yee T.,Bloch, Nicolin,Puray-Chavez, Maritza N.,Leslie, Maxwell D.,Ji, Juan,Lucas, Anthony D.,Kirby, Karen A.,Landau, Nathaniel R.,Saraf American Society for Microbiology 2014 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol.58 No.8

<P>Sterile alpha motif- and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) limits HIV-1 replication by hydrolyzing deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) necessary for reverse transcription. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are components of anti-HIV therapies. We report here that SAMHD1 cleaves NRTI triphosphates (TPs) at significantly lower rates than dNTPs and that SAMHD1 depletion from monocytic cells affects the susceptibility of HIV-1 infections to NRTIs in complex ways that depend not only on the relative changes in dNTP and NRTI-TP concentrations but also on the NRTI activation pathways.</P>