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Drought tolerance screening of maize inbred lines at an early growth stage
Bishnu Adhikari,사규진,이주경 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.4
Drought is one of the major abiotic factors that have a serious effect on the production of cereals crops including maize,which is grown widely in the world. Screening based on drought facilitates selection of inbred lines and an understanding of droughttoleranttraits. The effect of drought stress and rescue after stress on maize inbred lines was investigated in this study. Different plantgrowth attributes namely plant height, leaf area and weight, stem weight, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, and total leafchlorophyll content were measured. Six flint inbred lines (FLD 12, FLD 23, FLD 24, FLD 33, FLD 35, and FLD 37) were screened asdrought-tolerant lines, whereas another six flint inbred lines (FLD 01, FLD 13, FLD 16, FLD 18, FLD 29, and FLD 31) were screenedas drought susceptible lines. Growth attributes under different drought conditions were subjected to a correlation test and analysis ofvariance and showed highly significant relationships with each other. The drought effect differed with different inbred lines, indicatinga wide variability of drought response at the early growth stage of maize plants. The results obtained from this study will be useful forselecting maize inbred lines in future breeding programs for enhancing drought tolerance.
Bishnu Adhikari,Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,Muhammad Waqas Ali,Arjun Adhikari,김일두,신동현 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.5
Peanut sprouts are gaining increasing popularity as a potential source of functional food. The objective of this study was to investigate yield and food value of peanut sprouts of six Korean peanut genotypes (Daekwang, Akwang, Baekjung, Alogi, Pungan and Heugttangkong) from day 5 through 9. Functional compounds like polyphenol, flavonoid, and resveratrol contents were significantly (p\0.05) high in the sprouts compared to those in the seeds. Pungan yielded significantly (p\0.05) high sprouts followed by Alogi. However, antioxidant potentials and functional compounds in the sprouts varied significantly (p\0.05) with genotype, sprout part, and day after germination. Overall consideration of the yield, functional compounds, and antioxidant potentials of the sprouts suggested that more appropriate time of sprout harvest for Alogi and Pungan was day 5–7 and that for the other genotypes was day 5–8. The yield and functional properties of peanut sprouts significantly varied with genotypes, parts, and age.
Arjun Adhikari,이고은,Muhammad Aaqil Khan,강상모,Bishnu Adhikari,Muhammad Imran,JANRAHMATULLAH,김경민,이인중 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.1
Silicon and phosphorus are elements that are beneficial for plant growth. Despite the abundant availability of silicate and phosphate in the Earth’s crust, crop nutritional requirements for silicon and phosphorus are normally met through the application of fertilizer. However, fertilizers are one of the major causes of heavy metal pollution. In our study, we aimed to assess silicate and phosphate solubilization by the bacteria Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2, in the presence and absence of phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] or silicate (Mg2O8Si3), to counteract cadmium stress in rice (Oryza sativa L). Our results showed that the GAK2-treated rice plants, grown in soil amended with phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] or silicate (Mg2O8Si3), had significantly reduced cadmium content, and enhanced plant growth promoting characteristics including fresh shoot and root weight, plant height, and chlorophyll content. These plants showed significant downregulation of the cadmium transporter gene, OsHMA2, and upregulation of the silicon carrier gene, OsLsi1. Moreover, jasmonic acid levels were significantly reduced in the GAK2-inoculated plants, and this was further supported by the downregulation of the jasmonic acid related gene, OsJAZ1. These results indicate that Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2 can be used as a silicon and phosphorus bio-fertilizer, which solubilizes insoluble silicate and phosphate, and mitigates heavy metal toxicity in crops.
Pandey Bishnu Prasad,Pradhan Suman Prakash,Adhikari Kapil,Shresth Rajib Kumar 한국미생물학회 2021 미생물학회지 Vol.57 No.3
Streptomyces are widely distributed in soil and known for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. It has been reported that among microbial-derived antibiotics, two-third are produced by the Streptomyces species alone. Hence, continuous screening of the Streptomyces species is of growing scientific interest. A small Himalayan country like Nepal is in a unique geographical location with a huge biodiversity. However, little is known about microbial diversity. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the Streptomyces species from a high-altitude soil sample collected from an altitude of 4,380 meters above sea level. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that four isolated strains; G-10, G-14, G-18, and S4L belong to the Streptomyces species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates with the best match in the database revealed that G-18 isolates closely related to Streptomyces albidoflavus strain PAS-12. Moreover, the ranges of radical scavenging activities by crude extract of isolates were observed against DPPH and ABTS. Furthermore, crude extract of isolates revealed the range of antimicrobial activities against the four pathogenic strains namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus species, and Bacillus substilis. Moreover, isolated Streptomyces species revealed amylase, cellulase, and L-asparaginase enzyme activities.
Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana,김일두,Bishnu Adhikari,김정호,신동현 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1
Due to the negative consequences of synthetic herbicides use and their reducing effectiveness due to development of resistant weeds, promotion of eco-friendly weed management approaches is emphasized. Weed suppression by intercropping is basically attributed to increasing competition between the crop plants and weeds and/or the allelopathy effect of some crop plants. The effect of root extracts of maize or soybean on beggarticks and goosegrass weeds, as well as the effect of sole cropping of corn or soybean on weed occurrence and growth were investigated. The germination and seedling vigor of the two weeds were significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited with the maize root extract compared to those with soybean. Similarly, 420.52% low amount of fresh weeds was collected from the maize-grown pots (37.03 g) compared to that of the soybean-grown pots (155.72 g). The results of this study revealed that intercropping of soybean with maize could be an effective option to reduce the weed problem although comprehensive field studies are necessary for practical applications.
( In Sung Kim ),( Seung Ho Lee ),( Young Min Kwon ),( Bishnu Adhikari ),( Jeong A Kim ),( Da Yoon Yu ),( Gwang Il Kim ),( Jong Min Lim ),( Sung Hak Kim ),( Sang Suk Lee ),( Yang Soo Moon ),( In Soon C 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.11
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of mainly infants and children. Currently, the development of safe and effective treatments for AD is urgently required. The present study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of yeast-extracted β-1,3/1,6-glucan and/or Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) LM1004 against AD-like symptoms. To purpose, β-1,3/1,6-glucan and/or L. plantarum LM1004 were orally administered to AD-induced animal models of rat (histamine-induced vasodilation) and mouse (pruritus and contact dermatitis) exhibiting different symptoms of AD. We then investigated the treatment effects on AD-like symptoms, gene expression of immune-related factors, and gut microbiomes. Oral administration of β-1,3/1,6-glucan (0.01 g/kg initial body weight) and/or 2 × 10<sup>12</sup> cells/g L. plantarum LM1004 (0.01 g/kg initial body weight) to ADinduced animal models showed significantly reduced vasodilation in the rat model, and pruritus, edema, and serum histamine in the mouse models (p < 0.05). Interestingly, β-1,3/1,6- glucan and/or L. plantarum LM1004 significantly decreased the mRNA levels of Th2 and Th17 cell transcription factors, while the transcription factors of Th1 and Treg cells, galactin-9, filaggrin increased, which are indicative of enhanced immunomodulation (p < 0.05). Moreover, in rats with no AD induction, the same treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Bacteroides. Furthermore, bacterial taxa associated with butyrate production such as, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae at family, and Roseburia at genus level were increased in the treated groups. These findings suggest that the dietary supplementation of β-1,3/1,6-glucan and/or L. plantarum LM1004 has a great potential for treatment of AD as well as obesity in humans through mechanisms that might involve modulation of host immune systems and gut microbiota.
Modulation of Intestinal Microbiota by Supplementation of Fermented Kimchi in Rats
Su Jin An(안수진),Jae Young Kim(김재영),In Sung Kim(김인성),Bishnu Adhikari(비슈누 아디카리),Da Yoon Yu(유다윤),Jeong A Kim(김정아),Young Min Kwon(권영민),Sang Suk Lee(이상석),In Soon Choi(최인순),Kwang Keun Cho(조광근) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.9
장내 미생물은 숙주의 건강을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 하며, 식단에 의하여직접적으로 영향을 받아 조절된다. 김치는 식이 섬유와 젖산균(LAB)이 풍부한 발효 식품이다. 발효 김치가 장내 미생물의 구성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 6주령의 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐 45마리를 대상으로 기본 사료(CON), 발효 김치(FK)와 키토산 첨가 발효 김치(CFK)를 각각 4주간 급여 하였다. 체중과 사료 섭취량을 매주 측정하였으며, 미생물 분석은 장내용물 수집 후 pyrosequencing을 통하여 16S rRNA 유전자 분석으로 확인 하였다. FK 및 CFK군은 대조군에 비해 체중, 사료 효율 및 혈중 triglyceride 농도가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 장내 미생물의 다양성은 대조군에 비해 FK와 CFK군 모두에서 증가하였다. 비만과 관련된 Firmicutes 미생물이 감소한 반면, 체중 감소와 관련된 Bacteroidetes 미생물이 증가하였다. 젖산균과 체중 감소 관련 박테리아 및 butyrate 생산 박테리아는 대조군에 비해 FK 및 CFK군에서 증가하였다. 발효 김치는 비만을 억제하고 장내 유익한 미생물의 성장을 촉진하였다. Intestinal microbiota play a key role in maintaining the host’s health, and variety and richness of this microbiota is directly influenced and modulated by the host’s diet. Kimchi is a fermented food rich in dietary fibers and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). To investigate the effect of fermented kimchi on the host’s response and the composition of intestinal microbiota, 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats six weeks old were divided into three experimental groups that received either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with fermented kimchi (FK) or chitosan-added fermented kimchi (CFK) for four weeks. Body weights and feed intakes were measured weekly, and the intestinal contents were collected aseptically and were used for 16S rRNA gene profiling via pyrosequencing. As compared to the control, FK and CFK groups showed less body weight gain, feed efficiency, and blood triglyceride concentration. The diversity of intestinal microbiota was increased in both FK and CFK as compared to the control. At the phylum level, obesity-associated Firmicutes decreased, while leanness-associated Bacteroidetes increased. At the genus-level, the genera that consist of LAB, leanness-associated bacteria, and butyric acid–producing bacteria increased in FK and CFK as compared to the control. The overall results suggest that the consumption of fermented kimchi can reduce obesity and promote the host’s health through mechanisms involving the modulation of intestinal microbiota.