Evaluation of phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activities in transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata plants via overexpression of the γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-tmt) gene

Ghimire, B.K.,Seong, E.S.,Yu, C.Y.,Kim, S.H.,Chung, I.M. Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for 2017 South African journal of botany : official journal Vol.109 No.-

<P>This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activities of leaf and root extracts of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata with over-expressing gamma-tocopherol methyl transferase (gamma-tmt) gene. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, and the extracts from the transgenic C. lanceolata were compared with those of the wild plants by using the in-vitro antimicrobial assays with five pathogenic bacteria and two yeast species. The results indicated that transgenic C. lanceolata overexpressing gamma-tmt possesses antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Transgenic lines showed increased antimicrobial activity, ranging from 1.90 +/- 0.50 to 5.50 +/- 0.77 mm in the leaf extract of transgenic C. lanceolata, compared to the extract from the control plants, ranging from 1.27 +/- 0.50 to 4.73 +/- 0.40 mm. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible microorganism to transgenic leaf extracts with lowerMICs (500 mu g/mL) and higher growth inhibition zones (5.33mm). Leaf extract of transgenic plants showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. However, transgenic root extract showed lower antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, with MIC > 1000 mu g/mL. The a-tocopherol content of the plants was enhanced by the overexpression of (gamma-tmt) gene compared to control plant. We observed an increase in the phenolic compound concentration in transgenic leaves. The predominant phenolic compounds that increased in the transgenic leaf were chlorogenic acid, luteolin, benzoic acid, and apigenin. The antimicrobial activity of transgenic C. lanceolata was strongly correlated to the concentration of phytochemical compounds. These results may help to identify novel natural antimicrobial agents that could be used against infectious diseases. (C) 2016 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Identification of elicitors enhances the polyphenolic compounds and pharmacological potential in hairy root cultures of <i>Aster scaber</i>

Ghimire, B.K.,Thiruvengadam, M.,Chung, I.-M. Elsevier 2019 South African journal of botany : official journal Vol.125 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Aster scaber</I> Thunb is an important Korean mountainous vegetable and also a medicinal herb, which produces valuable bioactive compounds. This study showed that hairy root cultures can be established to improve the accumulation of biomass and phenolic compounds in <I>A. scaber.</I> Hairy roots were molecularly confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We examined the influences of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and yeast extract (YE) elicitors for the enhancement of phenolic compounds and pharmaceutical activities on hairy root cultures of <I>A. scaber</I>. Application of 100 mg/L of YE resulted in significantly higher fresh and dry root biomass (97.91 and 9.82 g/L) than MeJA and non-elicited control root cultures. MeJA (100 μM) and YE (100 mg/L) elicitation dramatically induced the accumulation of total phenolics (244.5 ± 2.5; 215.10 ± 2.0 GAE) and flavonoids (6.7 ± 0.3; 6.0 ± 0.2 QE) than non-elicited root cultures (181.65 ± 1.5 mg/g GAE and 4.65 ± 0.2 mg/g QE). Phenolic compounds including six hydroxycinnamic acids, seven flavonols, seven hydroxybenzoic acids, vanillin, homogentisic acid, and resveratrol were identified via UHPLC analysis in elicited (MeJA 100 μM and YE 100 mg/L) and control root cultures. Because of these phenolic compounds enhancement, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities were high in the in the MeJA- and YE-elicited hairy roots than in the control cultures. MeJA was more effective in the elicitation of phenolic compounds and pharmaceutical potential than YE. The identification of elicitors can lead the large quantity of phenolic compounds to encounter extensive range demand through marketable production without endangering of <I>A. scaber</I>. This elicitation approach could be large scale production of the commercially possible amount of these valuable bioactive compounds by hairy root cultures in <I>A. scaber.</I> </P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hairy root biomass was enhanced in methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or yeast extract (YE) elicitation. </LI> <LI> Phenolic compounds were significantly raised in MeJA or YE elicited hairy roots. </LI> <LI> Biological activities were exhibited higher in MeJA or YE than non-elicited hairy roots. </LI> </UL> </P>

GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds of Perilla frutescens Britton var. Japonica accessions: Morphological and seasonal variability

Ghimire, B.K.,Yoo, J.H.,Yu, C.Y.,Chung, I.M. Elsevier 2017 Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine Vol.10 No.7

<P>Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perillafruteseens (P. frittescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone (PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin (PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown (PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine (PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown (PMU) type, perilla ketone, clemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene (PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, beta-cryophyllenc, myristicin (L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion: The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.</P>

Assessment of trace elements and lignin composition triploid and hexaploid bioenergy crop by multielement analysis using ICP-MS and HPLC

B. K. Ghimire,J. H. Yoo,E. S. Seong,J. H. Choi,B. J. Kang,M. R. Jeon,E. J. Sacks,K. Heo,I. M. Chung,C. Y. Yu 한국잡초학회 2015 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.35 No.2

Comparative leaf anatomy of native and cultivated Pinus (Pinaceae) in Korea: implication for the subgeneric classification

Ghimire, B.,Lee, C.,Yang, J.,Heo, K. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 Plant systematics and evolution Vol.301 No.2

Seed morphology of the subfamily Helleboroideae (Ranunculaceae) and its systematic implication

Ghimire, B.,Jeong, M.J.,Choi, G.E.,Lee, H.,Suh, G.U.,Heo, K.,Ku, J.J. G. Fischer Verlag 2015 FLORA -JENA- Vol.216 No.-

A comprehensive morphological and anatomical study was carried out on seeds of 28 species from three tribes and eight genera of subfamily Helleboroideae (Aconitum, Actaea, Caltha, Cimicifuga, Delphinium, Eranthis, Megaleranthis and Trollius) and two putatively related genera in Ranunculaceae (Adonis and Ranunculus) using scanning electron and light microscopy to evaluate seed characteristics for use in the examination of systematic relationships. Considerable differences were found in seed coat morphology and anatomy both among and within genera of the subfamily. There are four major types of seed coat surface: striate, lineate, colliculate and irregularly wrinkled. The shape of testal cells was either elongated rectangular, rectangular chiseled, irregular or polygonal to subpolygonal. The wall ornamentation was predominantly smooth and either without any ornamentation or having finely granulated or some ribbon like appendages. The mechanical layer of the seed coat was of the exotestal type except in all species of Eranthis, in which the seed coat mechanical layer was absent; such a seed coat was referred to as being an 'undifferentiated seed-coat'. Maximum parsimony analysis of morphological features establishes three groupings within the studied genera: Aconitum/Delphinium, Actaea/Cimicifuga, and Caltha/Eranthis/Trollius/Megaleranthis. This study is congruent with the earlier groupings of the Helleboroideae based on morphology and also agrees in part with recent molecular studies. Our data convincingly support a close relationship between Caltha-Trollius-Megaleranthis and between Actaea and Cimicifuga. Another group supported strongly by the results of this study is Aconitum-Delphinium.

Embryology of Abeliophyllum (Oleaceae) and its phylogenetic relationships

Ghimire, B.,Heo, K. John Wiley Sons Ltd 2014 Nordic journal of botany Vol.32 No.5

LebZIP2 유전자 과다발현 형질전환 담배(Nicotiana benthamiana)의 제초제 저항성

강병주(B. J. Kang),성은수(E. S. Seong),유지혜(J. H. Yoo),최재후(J. H. Choi),김창흠(C. H. Kim),전미란(M. R. Jeon),비말 쿠마 기미레(B. K. Ghimire),유창연(C. Y. Yu) 한국잡초학회 2015 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.35 No.2

Tumor-like Presentation of Tubercular Brain Abscess: Case Report

Dan B. Karki,Ghanashyam Gurung,Mohan R. Sharma,Ram K. Shrestha,Gita Sayami,Gopal Sedain,Amina Shrestha,Ram K. Ghimire 대한자기공명의과학회 2015 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.19 No.4

A 17-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache and decreasing vision ofone month’s duration, without any history of fever, weight loss, or any evidence ofan immuno-compromised state. Her neurological examination was normal, exceptfor papilledema. Laboratory investigations were within normal limits, except for aslightly increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Non-contrast computerizedtomography of her head revealed complex mass in left frontal lobe with a concentric,slightly hyperdense, thickened wall, and moderate perilesional edema with masseffect. Differential diagnoses considered in this case were pilocytic astrocytoma,metastasis and abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in 3.0 Tesla(3.0T) scanner revealed a lobulated outline cystic mass in the left frontal lobe withtwo concentric layers of T2 hypointense wall, with T2 hyperintensity between theconcentric ring. Moderate perilesional edema and mass effect were seen. Postgadolinium study showed a markedly enhancing irregular wall with some enhancingnodular solid component. No restricted diffusion was seen in this mass in diffusionweighted imaging (DWI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed increasedlactate and lipid peaks in the central part of this mass, although some areas at thewall and perilesional T2 hyperintensity showed an increased choline peak withoutsignificant decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) anddynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhanced perfusion study showed decrease inrelative cerebral blood volume at this region. These features in MRI were suggestiveof brain abscess. The patient underwent craniotomy with excision of a grayishnodular lesion. Abundant acid fast bacilli (AFB) in acid fast staining, and epithelioidcell granulomas, caseation necrosis and Langhans giant cells in histopathology, wereconclusive of tubercular abscess. Tubercular brain abscess is a rare manifestationthat simulates malignancy and cause diagnostic dilemma. MRI along with MRS andmagnetic resonance perfusion studies, are powerful tools to differentiate lesions insuch equivocal cases.

Tumor-like Presentation of Tubercular Brain Abscess: Case Report

Karki, Dan B.,Gurung, Ghanashyam,Sharma, Mohan R.,Shrestha, Ram K.,Sayami, Gita,Sedain, Gopal,Shrestha, Amina,Ghimire, Ram K. Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2015 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.19 No.4

A 17-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache and decreasing vision of one month's duration, without any history of fever, weight loss, or any evidence of an immuno-compromised state. Her neurological examination was normal, except for papilledema. Laboratory investigations were within normal limits, except for a slightly increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Non-contrast computerized tomography of her head revealed complex mass in left frontal lobe with a concentric, slightly hyperdense, thickened wall, and moderate perilesional edema with mass effect. Differential diagnoses considered in this case were pilocytic astrocytoma, metastasis and abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in 3.0 Tesla (3.0T) scanner revealed a lobulated outline cystic mass in the left frontal lobe with two concentric layers of T2 hypointense wall, with T2 hyperintensity between the concentric ring. Moderate perilesional edema and mass effect were seen. Post gadolinium study showed a markedly enhancing irregular wall with some enhancing nodular solid component. No restricted diffusion was seen in this mass in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed increased lactate and lipid peaks in the central part of this mass, although some areas at the wall and perilesional T2 hyperintensity showed an increased choline peak without significant decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhanced perfusion study showed decrease in relative cerebral blood volume at this region. These features in MRI were suggestive of brain abscess. The patient underwent craniotomy with excision of a grayish nodular lesion. Abundant acid fast bacilli (AFB) in acid fast staining, and epithelioid cell granulomas, caseation necrosis and Langhans giant cells in histopathology, were conclusive of tubercular abscess. Tubercular brain abscess is a rare manifestation that simulates malignancy and cause diagnostic dilemma. MRI along with MRS and magnetic resonance perfusion studies, are powerful tools to differentiate lesions in such equivocal cases.