Frustrated minority spins in GeNi₂O₄

Matsuda, M.,Chung, J.-H.,Park, S.,Sato, T. J.,Matsuno, K.,Aruga Katori, H.,Takagi, H.,Kakurai, K.,Kamazawa, K.,Tsunoda, Y.,Kagomiya, I.,Henley, C. L.,Lee, S.-H. Editions de Physique 2008 Europhysics letters Vol.82 No.3

<P>Recently, two consecutive phase transitions were observed, upon cooling, in an antiferromagnetic spinel GeNi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> at <I>T</I><SUB><I>N</I>1</SUB>=12.1 K and <I>T</I><SUB><I>N</I>2</SUB>=11.4 K, respectively (Crawford M. K. <I>et al</I>., <I>Phys. Rev. B</I>, <B>68</B> (2003) 220408(R)). Using unpolarized and polarized elastic neutron scattering we show that the two transitions are due to the existence of frustrated minority spins in this compound. Upon cooling, at <I>T</I><SUB><I>N</I>1</SUB> the spins on the ⟨111⟩ kagome planes order ferromagnetically in the plane and antiferromagnetically between the planes (phase I), leaving the spins on the ⟨111⟩ triangular planes that separate the kagome planes frustrated and disordered. At the lower <I>T</I><SUB><I>N</I>2</SUB>, the triangular spins also order in the ⟨111⟩ plane (phase II). We also present a scenario involving exchange interactions that qualitatively explains the origin of the two purely magnetic phase transitions.</P>

Compost of Swine Manure Slurry Using the Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation (TAO) Syst

Lee, W.I.,Tsujii, H.,Lee, M.G.,Cha, G.C.,Chung, J.C. The Korean Society of Animal Environmental Science 2004 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.10 No.1

현장규모 (8.6${\times}$2.5${\times}$2.4 m) 및 파이롯트규모 (1.39${\times}$0.89${\times}$0.89 m)의 고온호기산화장치를 이용하여 공기투입량 및 처리온도에 따른 양돈분뇨의 감량화 효율을 검토하였다. 현장규모에서 공기투입장치, 거품제거장치의 설치조건이 양돈슬러리 증발량과 처리온도에 모두 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 현장규모 연구는 3가지의 처리방법 (처리A:공기공급량 120㎥/h, 수중펌프 2대, 소포장치2대: 처리 B: 공기공급량 180㎥/h, 수중펌프 3대, 소포장치 3대; 처리C: 공기공급량 180㎥/h, 수중펌프 3대, 소포장치 4대)으로 실행되었다. 1일 5㎥ 양돈슬러리를 동일하게 투입하면서 얻어진 연구결과, 수위변화, 온도변화 및 증발량은 각각 처리A: 50∼100cm, 31∼$64^{\circ}C$, 55L/$\m^2$ㆍday, 처리B: 40∼90cm, 29∼$52^{\circ}C$, 75L/$\m^2$ㆍday, 처리C: 40∼70cm, 45∼$54^{\circ}C$, 120L/$\m^2$ㆍday이었다. 한편 파이롯트 규모 연구는 반 연속식으로 양돈분뇨를 투입하면서 매일 투입량을 처리1: 50L/2h, 처리2: 50L/3h, 처리3: 40L/3h, 처리4: 60L/4h으로 하여 최대 슬러리 감량조건을 도출하기 위해 수행하였다. A field-scale(8.6${\times}$2.5${\times}$2.4 m) and pilot-scale(1.39${\times}$0.89${\times}$0.89 m) thermophilic aerobic oxidation (TAO) units were installed to investigate the volume reduction efficiency of slurry, by varying the aeration and treatment temperature of swine manure, and the collected liquid was evaluated as a liquid fertilizer. In the field-scale unit, the aeration level and numbers of foam breakers made different effects on the slurry volume and temperature in the TAO system. The experiments were peformed for three cases, using different levels of aeration and numbers of foam breakers: Treat-A (aeration rate; 120 ㎥ air/hr using 2 air pumps and 2 foam breakers), Treat-B (aeration rate; 180 ㎥ air/hr using 3 air pumps and 3 foam breakers) and Treat-C (aeration rate; 180 ㎥ air/hr using 3 air pumps and 4 foam breakers). With the same input volume (5 ㎥/day) of swine manure slurry, the resulting liquid levels, temperatures and evaporation rates were 50∼100 cm, 31∼$64^{\circ}C$ and 55 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-A; 40∼90 cm, 29∼$52^{\circ}C$ and 75 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-B; and 40∼70 cm, 45∼$54^{\circ}C$ and 120.0 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-C. In the pilot-scale unit, semi-continuous flow of swine manure slurry was introduced. 50 $\ell$ every 2hr(T-1), 50 $\ell$ every 3hr(T-2), 40 $\ell$ every 2hr (T-3) and 60 $\ell$ every 4hr (T-4) within 24 hours, in order to find the maximum slurry volume reduction conditions.

OGLE-2015-BLG-1482L: The First Isolated Low-mass Microlens in the Galactic Bulge

Chung, S.-J.,Zhu, W.,Udalski, A.,Lee, C.-U.,Ryu, Y.-H.,Jung, Y. K.,Shin, I.-G.,Yee, J. C.,Hwang, K.-H.,Gould, A.,Albrow, M.,Cha, S.-M.,Han, C.,Kim, D.-J.,Kim, H.-W.,Kim, S.-L.,Kim, Y.-H.,Lee, Y.,Park, American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.838 No.2

<P>We analyze the single microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1482 simultaneously observed from two ground-based surveys and from Spitzer. The Spitzer data exhibit finite-source effects that are. due to the passage of the lens close to or directly over. the surface of the source star as seen from Spitzer. Such finite-source effects generally yield measurements of the angular Einstein radius, which when combined with the microlens parallax derived from a comparison between the ground-based and the Spitzer light curves. yields the lens mass and lens-source relative parallax. From this analysis, we find that the lens of OGLE-2015-BLG-1482 is a very low-mass star with a. mass 0.10 +/- 0.02 M-circle dot or a brown dwarf with a. mass 55 +/- 9MJ, which are. located at D-LS = 0.80 +/- 0.19 kpc and D-LS = 0.54 +/- 0.08 kpc, respectively,. where DLS is the distance between the lens and the source, and thus it is the first isolated low-mass microlens that has been decisively located in the Galactic bulge. The degeneracy between the two solutions is severe ( Delta chi(2) = 0.3). The fundamental reason for the degeneracy is that the finite-source effect is seen only in a single data point from Spitzer, and this single data point gives rise to two solutions for rho, the angular size of the source in units of the angular Einstein ring radius. Because the rho degeneracy can be resolved only by relatively high-cadence observations around the peak, while the Spitzer cadence is typically similar to 1 day(-1), we expect that events for which the finite-source effect is seen only in the Spitzer data may frequently exhibit this rho degeneracy. For OGLE-2015-BLG-1482, the relative proper motion of the lens and source for the low-mass star is mu(rel) = 9.0 +/- 1.9 mas yr(-1), while for the brown dwarf it is 5.5 +/- 0.5 mas yr(-1). Hence, the degeneracy can be resolved within similar to 10 years from direct-lens imaging by using next-generation instruments with high spatial resolution.</P>

돈유품질과 도체특성에 대한 전지대두의 급여 효과

이무하(M . Lee),정명섭(M . S . Chung),박형일(H . I . Park) 한국축산학회 1996 한국축산학회지 Vol.38 No.5

In order to study the effects of feeding full-fat soybeans on pork quality and carcass characteristics, wheat-soybean oil meal based diets with different levels of full-fat soybean replacement(0%, 50% and 100%) were fed to cross-bred pigs of three breeds(I.×y×D) with the average live weight of 30.4 ㎏. The pigs were alloted randomly in groups of fourteen to each of three dietary treatments in three replicates(one gilt and two barrows). The whole feeding period was divided into three stages : starting(71∼109 days), growing(109∼44 days) and finishing(145∼169 days). No significant differences were found either in average daily gain(ADG) or in feed conversion rates(FCR) among the three dietary treatment groups. However, the 100% full-fat soybeans(FFS) group resulted in the best ADG and FCR for the total experimental pemod. Considering each experimental stage, the 100% FFS group was better at the starting stage while the control group appeared to be better at the growing and fininshing stages. Fifty percent of the FFS group was average for ADG and FCR. Economic analysis with market feed prices showed that the 100% FFS diet seemed to be economically advantageous over the other two diets. Carcass characteristics of pigs indicated that no differences due to the replacement levels of FFS were observed in terms of hot carcass weight, carcass length, backfat thickness, loin eye area and lean %. There were no differences in moisture, fat, protein, intramuscular fat and pH. Hardness of backfat decreased and TBA values increased with the increase of FFS in diets. Also, the total saturated fatty acids tended to decrease with FFS level in the diets. Of the unsaturated fatty acids, fat from pigs fed FFS contained less oleic acid and more linoleic and linolenic acids than that from pigs fed the control diet. Sensory evaluation indicated that there were no differences in preference among porks from the three dietary treatment groups.

Highly active and cost-effective CuO-based carbon nanocomposite with unique morphology for catalytic synthesis of imines under solvent-free conditions

Gopiraman, M.,Chung, I.-M. Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL- TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Vol.81 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Herein, we report a highly efficient and cost-effective copper-oxide/carbon-nanoparticles catalyst (CuO/CNP) prepared by a simple ‘mix and heating’ method for the self-coupling of amines. Homogenous dispersion of CuO nanoparticles on the surface of CNP, +2 chemical state of Cu in CuO/CNP, 6.1 wt% of Cu in CuO/CNP, and specific surface area of CuO/CNP (56.4 m<SUP>2</SUP>/g) were found out by means of various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Presence of defective sites in CuO/CNP was analyzed by Raman analysis. X-ray diffraction results were referred to confirm the crystalline/amorphous nature of CuO/CNP. The CuO/CNP demonstrated excellent catalytic activity for the self-coupling of amines under the optimal reaction conditions involving 12 h of reaction time, 25 mg of catalyst, air atmosphere and 110 °C. The scope of the catalytic systems was extended with a wide range of amines (aromatic, alicyclic and heterocyclic amines). The CuO/CNP was found to be effective for the self-coupling of less reactive amines (aliphatic amines and aromatic amines) as well. Cross-coupling of primary amines with aniline catalyzed by CuO/CNP was also demonstrated. Heterogeneity, stability and reusability of CuO/CNP were tested. Mechanism was proposed for the self-coupling of primary amines catalyzed by CuO/CNP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A cheap CuO/carbon nanocomposite (CuO/CNP) with unique morphology was prepared. </LI> <LI> Influence of ‘mix and heat’ method on the surface area of CuO/CNP was studied. </LI> <LI> CuO/CNP demonstrated excellent catalytic activity toward the synthesis of imines. </LI> <LI> CuO/CNP was found to be highly suitable for the cross-coupling reactions as well. </LI> <LI> Heterogeneity, stability and reusability of CuO/CNP were found to be good. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

ALMOST SURE CONVERGENCE FOR WEIGHTED SUMS OF NA RANDOM VARIABLES

BAEK J. I.,NIU S. L.,LIM P. K.,AHN Y. Y.,CHUNG S. M. The Korean Statistical Society 2005 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.34 No.4

Let {$X_n,\;n{\ge}1$} be a sequence of negatively associated random variables which are dominated randomly by another random variable. We discuss the limit properties of weighted sums ${\Sigma}^n_{i=1}a_{ni}X_i$ under some appropriate conditions, where {$a_{ni},\;1{\le}\;i\;{\le}\;n,\;n\;{\ge}\;1$} is an array of constants. As corollary, the results of Bai and Cheng (2000) and Sung (2001) are extended from the i.i.d. case to not necessarily identically distributed negatively associated setting. The corresponding results of Chow and Lai (1973) also are extended.

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb: The First<i>Spitzer</i>Bulge Planet Lies Near the Planet/Brown-dwarf Boundary

Ryu, Y.-H.,Yee, J. C.,Udalski, A.,Bond, I. A.,Shvartzvald, Y.,Zang, W.,Jaimes, R. Figuera,Jørgensen, U. G.,Zhu, W.,Huang, C. X.,Jung, Y. K.,Albrow, M. D.,Chung, S.-J.,Gould, A.,Han, C.,Hwang, K.-H.,Sh American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astronomical journal Vol.155 No.1

<P>We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the Galactic bulge/ bar, an assignation that can be confirmed by two epochs of high-resolution imaging of the combined source-lens baseline object. The planet's mass, M-p = 13.4 +/- 0.9 M-J, places it right at the deuteriumburning limit, i. e., the conventional boundary between 'planets' and 'brown dwarfs.' Its existence raises the question of whether such objects are really ' planets' (formed within the disks of their hosts) or 'failed stars' (lowmass objects formed by gas fragmentation). This question may ultimately be addressed by comparing disk and bulge/bar planets, which is a goal of the Spitzer microlens program. The host is a G dwarf, M-host = 0.89. +/- 0.07 M-circle dot, and the planet has a semimajor axis a similar to 2.0 au. We use Kepler K2 Campaign 9 microlensing data to break the lens-mass degeneracy that generically impacts parallax solutions from Earth-Spitzer observations alone, which is the first successful application of this approach. The microlensing data, derived primarily from near-continuous, ultradense survey observations from OGLE, MOA, and three KMTNet telescopes, contain more orbital information than for any previous microlensing planet, but not quite enough to accurately specify the full orbit. However, these data do permit the first rigorous test of microlensing orbital-motion measurements, which are typically derived from data taken over < 1% of an orbital period.</P>

백색 Leghorn 종 산란계 계통에 있어 경제형질에 대한 유전적 변화 추세의 추정

박영일,이수찬,서강석,김태훈,정기홍,조용민,이일주,김상용 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Genetic trends on six economic traits were estimated in a line of White Leghorn layers selected over a period of 11 generations from 1976 to 1989 on the basis of the data from 7,602 cocks and 24,392 hens. The average selection differential per generation over the period was -2.59 days for age at first egg, I1.9 eggs for egg production to 43 weeks, 5.70 eggs for egg production from 44 to 57 weeks, 0.73 g for egg weight at 30 weeks. 0.5 i g for egg weight at 40 weeks, and 0.55 g for egg weight at 60 weeks. The animal model was used for the prediction of the breeding value for each trait. The estimated average changes of breeding value per generation over the generations 0-11 were -0.27 day for age at first egg, 1.38 egg for egg production to 43 weeks, 0.52 egg for egg production from 44 to 57 weeks, 0.28 g for egg weight at 30 weeks, 0.26 g for egg weight at 40 weeks, and 0.22 g for egg weight at 60 weeks. In view of the results obtained in this study, a substantial amount of genetic improvement in the six traits appeared to have been achieved in the line by selection for higher egg production, heavier egg weights and for lower age at first egg.

Enhancement of differentiation efficiency of hESCs into vascular lineage cells in hypoxia via a paracrine mechanism

Shin, J.M.,Kim, J.,Kim, H.E.,Lee, M.J.,Lee, K.I.,Gyong Yoo, E.,Joo Jeon, Y.,Chae, D.W.K.J.I.,Chung, H.M. Elsevier 2011 Stem cell research Vol.7 No.3

Hypoxia is one way of inducing differentiation due to the activation of the key regulatory factor, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). However, the action of HIF-1α on the differentiation of hESCs was unclear until now. To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the differentiation of hESCs, we compared the differentiation efficacy into vascular lineage cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We observed HIF-1α expression and the related expression of pro-angiogenic factors VEGF, bFGF, Ang-1 and PDGF in hEBs cultured under hypoxic conditions. Along with this, differentiation efficacy into vascular lineage cells was improved under hypoxic conditions. When HIF-1α was blocked by echinomycin, both angiogenic factors and the differentiation efficacy were down-regulated, suggesting that the enhancement of differentiation efficacy was caused by intrinsic up-regulation of HIF-1α and these pro-angiogenic factors under hypoxic condition. This response might be primarily regulated by the HIF-1α signal pathway, and hypoxia might be the key to improving the differentiation of hESCs into vascular lineage cells. Therefore, this study demonstrated that microenvironmental changes (i.e., hypoxia) can improve differentiation efficacy of hESCs into a vascular lineage without exogenous factors via cell-intrinsic up-regulation of angiogenic factors. These facts will contribute to the regulation of stem cell fate.

Analysis of Ionomic Profiles of Canine Hairs Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Stress

So, K. M.,Lee, Y.,Bok, J. D.,Kim, E. B.,Chung, M. I. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Biological trace element research Vol.172 No.2

<P>The purpose of this study was to provide a new insight on the response of canines to stress exposure; the ionomic profiles of canine hair (2.8 +/- 0.3 years, 15.17 +/- 2.1 kg) (n=10) was determined before and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections. LPS was intramuscularly injected to induce inflammatory stress responses which were confirmed by observing increases in the level of serum cortisol, aldosterone, and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha. The hair contents of 17 elements were obtained by applying analytical procedures using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The following elements: sodium(Na) and potassium(K) among macro-elements, iron(Fe) and manganese(Mn) among micro-elements, and aluminum(Al), nickel(Ni), and lead(Pb) for toxic elements, showed significant increased levels with the immunological stress. The degree of increase in toxic elements was remarkable with the stress exposure. A forty-five-fold increase seen in Al accumulation with the stress exposure was noteworthy. Although mercury(Hg) and cadmium(Cd) showed decreased levels with the stress exposure, the degree was negligible compared to the level of increase. Correlation pattern between the elements was changed with the immunological stress. Toxic elements became more correlated with macro- or micro-elements than with toxic elements themselves after the stress exposure. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that LPS challenge shifted the overall hair mineral profiles to a consistent direction changing Al and K up, even in animals with different hair mineral profiles before LPS treatment. In conclusion, the multivariate data processing and study of element distribution patterns provided new information about the ionomic response of the canine hairs to immunological stress, i.e., the ionomic profiles of canine hairs is strongly affected by the stress induced by LPS injections.</P>