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Extensions of Strongly α-semicommutative Rings
Ayoub, Elshokry,Ali, Eltiyeb,Liu, ZhongKui Department of Mathematics 2018 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.58 No.2
This paper is devoted to the study of strongly ${\alpha}-semicommutative$ rings, a generalization of strongly semicommutative and ${\alpha}-rigid$ rings. Although the n-by-n upper triangular matrix ring over any ring with identity is not strongly ${\bar{\alpha}}-semicommutative$ for $n{\geq}2$, we show that a special subring of the upper triangular matrix ring over a reduced ring is strongly ${\bar{\alpha}}-semicommutative$ under some additional conditions. Moreover, it is shown that if R is strongly ${\alpha}-semicommutative$ with ${\alpha}(1)=1$ and S is a domain, then the Dorroh extension D of R by S is strongly ${\bar{\alpha}}-semicommutative$.
CSOs’ Role in Promoting Health: A Case Study of NGOs’ approaches to HIV/AIDS in Iran
Ayoub Zareie,Pedram Moosavi Shandi,Soheila Babamoradi 한국사회복지학회 2013 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.7 No.1
Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs), as one of the Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), havecurrently occupied a considerable status in the policy making process in the developed and developingcountries. Applying multi-dimensional approaches in dealing with the issues have differentiatedthem from governmental agencies. Despite NGOs are faced with a wide range of problems in Iran,they play an invaluable role in disseminating information, raising awareness, and sensitisationabout HIV/AIDS. Generally speaking, HIV/AIDS NGOs activities in Iran can be categorized inthree domains: advocacy, education and information, and intervention. Using descriptive method,this paper intends to explain the services provided by the NGOs for people living with HIV/AIDS,then it will examine the effectiveness of the services provided for their clientele, and next it willexplore the impediments faced by the NGOs in terms of provision of services. Finally, providingsome meaning of HIVNGOs paper will come to a conclusion.
Application of lipase bearing dead mycelia as biocatalyst for octyloctanoate synthesis
Ayoub Rashid,Muhammad Mushtaq,Quratulain Syed,Nergis Naz,Ahmad Adnan 한국식품과학회 2018 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.27 No.6
The present study scrutinizes lipases of different origins, immobilization methods, carriers, and reaction solvents to accelerate the octyl octanoate synthesis. The acylation reaction parameters including temperature, moisture level, shaking speed and enzyme dose were subsequently investigated and optimized following fully rotatable central composite design. The initial screening revealed that lipases of Rhizopus arrhizus, when applied as a biocatalyst (lipase bearing dead mycelia) furnished the highest acylation activity (147 lM L-1 min-1). Validation of reaction conditions disclosed that 250 I.U. of lipase based biocatalyst when incubated with 850 mM of acylating agent and 750 mM of the substrate at 35 C, 3% moisture level and 150 RPM shaking speed produced 70% acylation yield with an acylation activity higher than 147 lM L-1 min-1. The observed results certify that lipase bearing dead mycelia of R. arrhizus might be an intelligent biocatalyst to manipulate the yield of acylation reactions encountered in the food industry.
Analysis of composite frame structures with mixed elements - state of the art
Ayoub, Ashraf Techno-Press 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.41 No.2
The paper presents a review of the application of the newly proposed mixed finite element model for seismic simulation of different types of composite frame structures. To evaluate the performance of the element, a comparison with displacement-based and force-based models is conducted. The study revealed that the mixed model is superior to the others in terms of both speed of convergence and numerical stability, and is therefore considered the most practical approach for modeling of composite structures. In this model, the element is derived using independent force and displacement shape functions. The nonlinear response of the frame element is based on the section discretization into fibers with uniaxial material models. The interfacial behavior is modeled using an inelastic interface element. Numerical examples to clarify the advantages of the model are presented for the following structural applications: anchored reinforcing bar problems, composite steel-concrete girders with deformable shear connectors, beam on elastic foundation elements, R/C girders strengthened with FRP sheets, R/C beam-columns with bond-slip, and prestressed concrete girders. These studies confirmed that the model represents a major advancement over existing elements in simulating the inelastic behavior of composite structures.
Effect of shear stresses on the deflection and optimal configuration of a rectangular FGM structure
Ayoub El Amrani,Hafid Mataich,Jaouad El-Mekkaoui,Bouchta El Amrani Techno-Press 2023 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.12 No.4
This paper presents a static study of a rectangular functional graded material (FGM) plate, simply supported on its four edges, adopting a refined higher order theory that looks for, only,four unknowns,without taking into account any corrective factor of the deformation energy with the satisfaction of the zero shear stress conditions on the upper and lower faces of the plate. We will have determined the contribution of these stresses in the transverse deflection of the plate, as well as their effects on the axial stress within the interfaces between the layers(to avoid any problem of imperfections such as delamination) and on the top and bottom edges of the plate in order to take into account the fatigue phenomenon when choosing the distribution law of the properties used during the design of the plate. A numerical statement, in percentage, of the contribution of the shear effect is made in order to show the reliability of the adopted theory. We will also have demonstrated the need to add the shear effect when the aspect ratio is small or large. Code routines are programmed to obtain numerical results illustrating the validity of the model proposed in the theory compared to those available in the literature.
Ayoub Ali,Kröger Wolfgang,Sornette Didier 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.8
Motivated by learning from experience and exploiting existing knowledge in civil nuclear operations, we have developed in-house generic Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) models for pressurized and boiling water reactors. The models are computationally light, handy, transparent, user-friendly, and easily adaptable to account for major plant-specific differences. They cover the common internal initiating events, frontline and support systems reliability and dependencies, human-factors, common-cause failures, and account for new factors typically overlooked in many PSAs. For quantification, the models use generic US reliability data, precursor analysis reports, the ETHZ Curated Nuclear Events Database, and experts’ opinions. Moreover, uncertainties in the most influential basic events are addressed. The generated results show good agreement with assessments available in the literature with detailed PSAs. We envision the models as an unbiased framework to measure nuclear operational risk with the same “ruler”, and hence support inter-plant risk comparisons that are usually not possible due to differences in plant-specific PSA assumptions and scopes. The models can be used for initial risk screening, order-ofmagnitude precursor analysis, and other research/pedagogic applications especially when no plantspecific PSAs are available. Finally, we are using the generic models for large-scale precursor analysis that will generate big picture trends, lessons, and insights.
Alvira Ayoub Arbab,Rabia Almas Arain,Raja Fahad Qureshi,Iftikhar Ali Sahito,선경철,정성훈 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.4
A highly photocatalytic, carbon coated nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate paper (CCPETP) is developed byusing the wet-laid method for photodegradation of dye effluents from the textile wastewater treatment. The designednonwoven PET paper is coated with Multiwall walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) catalyst coupled with cationised enzymeagent. Three different types of enzymatic coupling agents were used i.e. Lipase, Glucose oxidase, and Laccase, respectively. Enzymes are generally globular proteins, packed with amino complex N-terminals, oxygenated amines and hydroxyl atoms. The sequence of the amino acids specifies the structure which in turn determines the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Thecationization of the enzyme under acidic condition (~pH 3), detach the amino/oxygen complex structure from their corestructure and encapsulate over MWCNT surface. The coupled enzyme dissipates functional oxygenated amines, pyrrolic,pyridinic, graphitic and quaternary type of nitrogen contents. The attachment of functionalized surface groups withoutforming any defect-rich vacancy promotes efficient charge generation and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye(MB) particulates. Besides, the suggested low-cost porous PET nonwoven paper helps to absorb a large number of dyemolecules for efficient dye degradation. The excellent photocatalytic activity of the proposed thin CCPETP photocatalyst ismainly attributed to its specific coupled enzyme, high adsorbing capacity of PET paper, and low recombination of thephotogenerated electrons and holes. The optimal loading content of enzyme coupled MWCNT over nonwoven PET paperdecolorized ~99.0 % methylene blue (MB) dye in 100 min. The excellent dye degradation efficiency of this low-cost materialis attributed its surface characteristics and high absorbing properties. The synergistic effect of cluster active sites and thefunctional amine/oxygen surface groups promoting the generation of ˙OH ions for MB degradation. The fabricatednonwoven paper is expected for large industrial applications and will provide a generic route towards the fabrication of textilestructured photocatalyst.