Retention and stability of bioactive compounds in functional peach beverage using pasteurization, microwave and ultrasound technologies

Saira Sattar,Muhammad Imran,Zarina Mushtaq,Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad,Muhammad Sajid Arshad,Melvin Holmes,Joanne Maycock,Muhammad Faisal Nisar,Muhammad Kamran Khan 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.10

The peach functional beverages pasteurized for10 min at 90 C, microwaved for 1.5 min at 850 W ofpower and sonicated for 90 min at 20 kHz of frequencywere selected to keep in storage for up to 30 days inrefrigerator to examine the changes happened to theirphysicochemical characteristics and functional components. It was observed that the pH and the cloud values ofall processed juice samples reduces with the storage time,whereas, the total soluble solids almost remain consistentparticularly in microwave and ultrasound treated samples. While storage period causes the decrement in total phenoliccontent (TPC) and total flavonoid content of treated beveragesamples, but ultrasound processing showed greaterretention of TPC value up to 5.7% more than other techniquesduring storage. The similar trend was observed forantioxidant activity where the ultrasound treatment showedimproved free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)scavenging activities except ferric ion reducing antioxidantpower after 30 days of storage.

A novel method for the fabrication of silver nanowires-based highly electro-conductive membrane with antifouling property for efficient microalgae harvesting

Mushtaq, Azeem,Cho, Hoon,Ahmed, Muhammad Ajaz,Rehman, Muhammad Saif Ur,Han, Jong-In Elsevier 2019 Journal of membrane science Vol.590 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, a new method of fabricating highly electro-conductive membranes, namely electroplating, was developed and its product performance was examined via microalgae harvesting. In this method, a layer of silver nanowires (AgNWs) was first vacuum-deposited on a poly(ether sulfone) support, followed by electroplating of silver layer. The electroplated membrane (C-AgNWs) found to exhibit surpassingly enhanced electrical conductivity (3.9 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> S/cm) and a satisfactory level of mechanical stability under prolonged filtration. When microalgae, <I>Chlorella</I> sp. HS-2, was harvested via electro-filtration, the membrane exhibited the intended effect of fouling mitigation, both in continuous and intermittent electric fields. This was attributed to the enhanced electrostatic repulsive forces between foulants and membrane along with in-situ electro-bubble generation from the membrane, reducing the overall blockage of the membrane surface. The intermittent mode was able to effectively mitigate fouling and recover flux to its initial level, with the effect compromised in successive steps. The continuous mode, however, did not display such performance degradation over time, but an increase of 480% in permeate flux at 20 V/mm. All this supported that the electroplating can serve as a promising route for the sake of fabricating the workable electro-membranes, conductive membranes that have boundless application potentials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Electroplating can be a useful method for workable electro-membrane fabrication. </LI> <LI> Highly electro-conductive (3.9 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> S/cm) yet stable electro-membrane can be synthesized by this method. </LI> <LI> The AgNWs-based electroplated membrane can be used for efficient microalgae harvesting. </LI> <LI> The fabricated membrane can exhibit good antifouling property in continuous and intermittent modes of electro-filtration. </LI> </UL> </P>

Determinants of Dividend Payout: Evidence from listed Oil and Gas Companies of Pakistan

Muhammad Tahir,Muhammad Mushtaq 한국유통과학회 2016 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.3 No.4

This study aims to investigate the determinants of dividend payout of Oil and Gas industry of Pakistan using secondary data from published annual reports from 2008 to 2014 listed on KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange). Dividend payout can be affected by profitability, firm size, financial leverage, sales growth, investment opportunities, liquidity, business risk, and ownership structure. Panel data technique used due to panel characteristics of available data with ordinary least square regression model to find out the impact of set of explanatory variables on the dividend payout using the Stata. Financial leverage, sales growth and business risks are the most significant variables of the study where financial leverage and business risk have significant negative effect on dividend payout while sales growth has favorable positive impact on dividend payout. Results revealed significant positive link of profitability and firm size with dividend payout whereas government ownership is negatively associated with dividend payout. Investment opportunities, liquidity and managerial ownership showed insignificant relationship with dividend payout. This Suggests that dividend payout policy is dependent on business strategies including both investment and financing decisions. Financial managers should consider these factors while formulating dividend policy of the firm.

Carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers supplemented with dietary sodium and sodium salts under a phase feeding system

Mushtaq, Mirza Muhammad Haroon,Parvin, Rana,Kim, Jihyuk Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.1

The effect of sodium and sodium salts on carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers under a four phase feeding program were investigated. A basal diet (0.08% dNa with NaCl) was formulated and one of two sources of dNa ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented to obtain four different percentages of dNa (0.17, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.44%) for each treatment. There was a linear decrease in dressing percentage (DP) with source ${\times}$ level interaction ($p{\leq}0.001$), while there was a linear increase in breast yield and thigh yield with increasing dNa supplementation ($p{\leq}0.001$). Chicks fed 0.35% $NaHCO_3$ and 0.44% dNa $Na_2SO_4$ supplemental salts had lower abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.04$). Chicks that received increasing levels of dNa (from 0.17 to 0.44%) showed increasing gizzard weight ($p{\leq}0.02$) and decreasing spleen weight ($p{\leq}0.02$). When both salts were supplemented at 0.26% dNa, the chicks showed their lowest bursa weight ($p{\leq}0.001$). Consequently, chicks at higher dNa showed an increase in breast and thigh meat yield, and increasing capacity of their digestive organ. The higher levels of dNa should be tested with other cations and anions to fully understand acid base homoeostasis.

RESEARCH : Open Access ; Carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers supplemented with dietary sodium and sodium salts under a phase feeding system

( Mirza Muhammad Haroon Mushtaq ),( Rana Parvin ),( Jih Yuk Kim ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.4

The effect of sodium and sodium salts on carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers under a four phase feeding program were investigated. A basal diet (0.08% dNa with NaCl) was formulated and one of two sources of dNa (NaHCO3 and Na2SO4) were supplemented to obtain four different percentages of dNa (0.17, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.44%) for each treatment. There was a linear decrease in dressing percentage (DP) with source × level interaction (p ≤ 0.001), while there was a linear increase in breast yield and thigh yield with increasing dNa supplementation (p ≤ 0.001). Chicks fed 0.35% NaHCO3 and 0.44% dNa Na2SO4 supplemental salts had lower abdominal fat (p ≤ 0.04). Chicks that received increasing levels of dNa (from 0.17 to 0.44%) showed increasing gizzard weight (p ≤ 0.002) and decreasing spleen weight (p ≤ 0.02). When both salts were supplemented at 0.26% dNa, the chicks showed their lowest bursa weight (p ≤ 0.001). Consequently, chicks at higher dNa showed an increase in breast and thigh meat yield, and increasing capacity of their digestive organ. The higher levels of dNa should be tested with other cations and anions to fully understand acid base homoeostasis.

The Moderating Effect of Perceived Alternative Job Opportunities between Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Developing Countries

Arslan Mushtaq,Muhammad Shajeel Amjad,Bilal,Muhammad Mohtsham Saeed 한국유통과학회 2014 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.4 No.1

Purpose – This study examines the relationship between organizational justice and employee job satisfaction and the extent of its moderation by perceived alternative job opportunities. Research design, data, and methodology – This is a cross-sectional study utilizing survey questionnaire data from 220 bank employees, which included scales measuring organizational justice, job satisfaction, and perceived alternative job opportunities. Results – The data is analyzed using correlation and hierarchical regression. Results demonstrated that organizational justice has a direct positive impact on employee job satisfaction further, distributive justice explains more variance in job satisfaction, followed by procedural justice and interactive justice. Perceived alternative job opportunities moderate the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Conclusions – Generally, organizational justice increases bank employees’ job satisfaction; however, when they perceived more job opportunities, their job dissatisfaction increased notwithstanding fairness. Therefore, perceived job opportunities moderate the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Retaining skilled employees has become difficult, especially when there is market demand for skilled workers. Human resource (HR) managers should consider market situations before formulating policies; otherwise, they may lose the competitive advantage of skilled employees and workers.

Unearthing the potential sustainability of cellulose and exploring its source, fate, and recovery

Sarah Mushtaq,Farrukh Jamil,Murid Hussain,Abrar Inayat,Parveen Akhter,Khaliq Majeed,Muhammad Shahzad Khurram,Muhammad Aslam,Jechan Lee,Young-Kwon Park 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.6

기별사양을 하는 육계에서 나트륨과 나트륨의 사료 내 첨가가 도체 및 장기 특성에 미치는 영향

( Mirza Muhammad Haroon Mushtaq ),( Rana Parvin ),김지혁 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2014 축산기술과 산업 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 나트륨과 나트륨 염이 4단계 기별사양을 하는 육계의 도체와 장기 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Basal diet (NaCI로 0,08% dNa 포함)에 2개의 다른 dNa 공급원 (NaHCO3와 NaSO4)을 이용하여 모두 4 수준의 dNa 함럄(0.17. 0.26. 0.35 0.44%)을 갖도록 각 처리구에 첨가하였다. dNa 공급원과 수준의 interaction에서 도체율은 linear(P≤0.001)하게 감소함에 반하여, dNa 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 가슴육 수율과 넓적다리육 수율이 linear(P≤0.001)하게 증가하였다. 0.35%의 NaHCO3와 0.44%의 Na2SO4의 염을 첨가 급여한 처리구의 닭들은 복부지방이 감소하였다.(P≤0.04). 사료에 dNa 수준이(0.07~0.44%) 까지 증가함에 따라 근위 증량이 증가하였고(P≤0.002) 비장 증량은 감소하였다 (P≤0.02). F 낭의 무게는 NaHCO3, Na2SO4을 0.26% 첨가 하였을 때 가장 낮았다(P≤0.001). 결론적으로, 닭 사료 내의 dNa 함량이 높은 때 넓적다리와 가슴육 수율이 증가하고, 소화기관의 용적이 증가하였다. 나트륨과 관련된 산염기 항상성을 종합적으로 이해하기 위해서는 보다 높은 dNa 수준에서 다른 양이온과 음이온을 이용한 실험이 추진되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Preoperative administration effect of metronidazole, ceftriaxone sodium and their combination on stenotic index of jejunal anastomotic segment of dogs

Rafique, Rehan,Asi, Muhammad Nadeem,Saqib, Muhammad,Hussain, Muhammad Hammad,Sial, Awais-ur-Rehman,Mushtaq, Aqsa The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2014 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.54 No.1

The jejunum is the longest part of the small intestine and its lumen is mainly involved in the absorption of the nutrients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of metronidazole, ceftriaxoine sodium and their combination on the stenotic index of the end to end jujunal anastomotic site. To accomplish this, 20 healthy stray dogs were subjected to end to end jejunal ansastmosis. Dogs in Group A (control) underwent jejunal anstomosis with no antibiotic prophylaxis, while those in Group B received surgery and metronidazole alone at 50 mg/kg, those in Group C received ceftriaxone sodium intravenously at 30 mg/kg body weight prior to surgery and dogs in Group D were given metronidazole in combination with ceftriaxone sodium at 50 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively, 2 h before surgical intervention. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the stenotic index was observed at 14 days after jejunal anastomosis. These findings indicate that prophylactic administration of metronidazole and ceftriaxone sodium alone or in combination had no significant effect on the stenotic index of the jejunum.

Evaluation of steady-state characteristics for solid oxide carbon fuel cell short-stacks

Mushtaq, Usman,Mehran, Muhammad Taqi,Kim, Sun-Kyoung,Lim, Tak-Hyoung,Naqvi, Syed Asad Ali,Lee, Jong-Won,Lee, Seung-Bok,Park, Seok-Joo,Song, Rak-Hyun ELSEVIER 2017 APPLIED ENERGY -BARKING THEN OXFORD- Vol.187 No.-

<P>Solid oxide based carbon fuel cells (SO-CFCs) offer clean and efficient utilization of carbon based fuels for energy conversion. In this work, we have realized and operated 100 and 200 W-class solid oxide carbon fuel cell (SO-CFC) short stacks to investigate the fuel supply, electrochemical performance, continuous operation, long-term stability, and scale-up characteristics for SO-CFC based power generation systems. Different configurations for 100 and 200 W class short stacks were employed for integrated Boudouard gasification and carbon fuel supply at the stack level. For the 100 W class SO-CFC short stack, maximum stack power of 80.4, 93.5, and 111.5 W was achieved at 700, 750, and 800 degrees C, respectively, while the 200 W class SO-CFC short stack produced maximum power of 224.4 W at 750 degrees C when operated on carbon fuel. Both SO-CFC short stacks were operated continuously at galvanostatic conditions to study the fuel supply conditions and long-term degradation behavior of the tubular cells in the short stacks. A postmortem analysis of the SO-CFC anode was also performed by SEM and XRD to elucidate the reasons for stack performance degradation during relatively longer operation with carbon fuels. Through a detailed analysis of the dry gasification in the integrated gasifier, the electrochemical performance of the SO-CFC stacks, and the post operation diagnosis of the cells, this study provides details on the important challenges in scaling-up SO-CFC technology from a single-cell to a several hundred watt power generation system. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>