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Towards Full Thickness Small Intestinal Models: Incorporation of Stromal Cells
Asal Melis,Rep Mila,Bontkes Hetty J.,van Vliet Sandra J.,Mebius Reina E.,Gibbs Susan 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2024 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.21 No.3
Introduction Since small intestine is one of the major barriers of the human body, there is a need to develop reliable in vitro human small intestinal models. These models should incorporate both the epithelial and lamina propria compartments and have similar barrier properties compared to that of the human tissue. These properties are essential for various applications, such as studying cell–cell interaction, intestinal diseases and testing permeability and metabolism of drugs and other compounds. The small intestinal lamina propria contains multiple stromal cell populations with several important functions, such as secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and soluble mediators. In addition, stromal cells influence the intestinal epithelial barrier, support the intestinal stem cell niche and interact with immune cells. Methods In this review, we provide an extensive overview on the different types of lamina propria stromal cells found in small intestine and describe a combination of molecular markers that can be used to distinguish each different stromal cell type. We focus on studies that incorporated stromal cells into human representative small intestine models cultured on transwells. Results and Conclusion These models display enhanced epithelial morphology, increased cell proliferation and human-like barrier properties, such as low transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and intermediate permeability, thus better mimicking the native human small intestine than models only consisting of an epithelium which generally show high TEER and low permeability.
Asal, Sinan,Erenturk, Sema Akyil,Haciyakupoglu, Sevilay Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.5
Exposure to gamma-rays is hazardous for humans and other living beings because of their high penetration through the materials. For this reason, shielding materials (usually lead, copper and stainless steel) are used to protect against gamma rays. This study's objective was to prepare ceramic materials for gamma radiation shielding by using different natural bentonite clays. Gamma-ray attenuation performances of the prepared shielding materials at different thicknesses were investigated and evaluated for different gamma-ray energies from different standard point gamma radiation sources (<sup>251</sup>Am, <sup>57</sup>Co, <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>60</sup>Co, and <sup>88</sup>Y). The mass and linear attenuation coefficients of the prepared ceramics vary between 0.238 and 0.443 cm<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and between 0.479 and 1.06 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, depending on their thicknesses. Results showed that these materials could be prioritized because of their evidential properties of gamma radiation protection in radiation applications.
Understanding the Left Right Judgement Test: A Literature Review
Asall Kim,Chung-hwi Yi 한국전문물리치료학회 2021 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.28 No.4
Background: The body schema, which is constantly updated using somatosensory information, enables accurate movement. Since pain is reported as a possible source to alter the body schema, the left right judgement test (LRJT) has been widely used in the pain rehabilitation. However, there was a lack of consistency in the effect of the pain on the LRJT results, and for the effect of the LRJT as a part of intervention programs for pain patients. The deeper understand of the LRJT is necessary for better reproducibility, and to expand the therapeutic applications of the LRJT in the pain and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Objects: This literature review aimed to understand the LRJT and to study the potential of the LRJT for therapeutic applications. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for studies relevant to LRJT. To establish the query set, the term was regarded from various perspectives. Results: The selected studies were classified into three categories: LRJT development, factors influencing LRJT, and therapeutic applications. Conclusion: Left right judgement test is the evaluation tool for the integrity of body schema as well as a tool for implicit motor imagery. Pain, proprioception, and other factors influence the performance of the LRJT.
Aspirin Use Is Associated With Improved Outcomes in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients
Christopher Johns,Allen Yen,Asal Rahimi,Yu-Lun Liu,Ann Marilyn Leitch,Ann Spangler,Prasanna Alluri,Chika Nwachukwu,Rachel Wooldridge,Deborah Farr,D. W. Nathan Kim 한국유방암학회 2023 Journal of breast cancer Vol.26 No.1
Purpose: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer and has a high propensity for distant metastases. Our previous data suggested that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) use may be associated with reduced risk of distant metastases in aggressive breast cancer; however, there are no reported studies on the potential benefit of ASA use in patients with IBC. Methods: Data from patients with non-metastatic IBC treated between 2000–2017 at two institutions, were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify significant associated factors. Results: Of 59 patients meeting the criteria for analysis and available for review, 14 ASA users were identified. ASA users demonstrated increased OS (p = 0.03) and DMFS (p = 0.02), with 5-year OS and DMFS of 92% (p = 0.01) and 85% (p = 0.01) compared to 51% and 43%, respectively, for non-ASA users. In univariate analysis, pT stage, pN stage, and ASA use were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with OS and DFS. On multivariable analysis, ASA use (hazard ratio [HR], 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.8) and lymph node stage (HR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.4–25.9) remained significant for OS and DFS ASA use (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.56) and lymph node stage (HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.9–16.4). Conclusion: ASA use during remission was associated with significantly improved OS and DMFS in patients with IBC. These results suggest that ASA may provide survival benefits to patients with IBC. Prospective clinical trials of ASA use in patients with high-risk IBC in remission should be considered.
Ramin Heshmat,Gita shafiee,Roya Kelishadi,Amir Eslami Shahr Babaki,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Tahereh Arefirad,Gelayol Ardalan,Asal Ataie-Jafari,Hamid Asayesh,Rasool Mohammadi,Mostafa Qorbani 한국영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.4
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) in a nationwide survey of Iranian children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on 5,625 school students between 10 and 18 years of age were analyzed. BMI percentiles, screen time activity (STA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels, and components of cMetS risk score were extracted. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. Linear regression models were used to study the interactions between different combinations of cMetS, LTPA, and BMI percentiles. RESULTS: Overall, 984 (17.5%) subjects were underweight, whereas 501 (8.9%) and 451 (8%) participants were overweight and obese, respectively. All standardized values for cMetS components, except fasting blood glucose level, were directly correlated with BMI percentiles in all models (P-trend < 0.001); these associations were independent of STA and LTPA levels. Linear associations were also observed among LTPA and standardized residuals for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference (P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that BMI percentiles are associated with cMetS risk score independent of LTPA and STA levels.
Heshmat, Ramin,shafiee, Gita,Kelishadi, Roya,Babaki, Amir Eslami Shahr,Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeil,Arefirad, Tahereh,Ardalan, Gelayol,Ataie-Jafari, Asal,Asayesh, Hamid,Mohammadi, Rasool,Qorbani, Mostafa The Korean Nutrition Society 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.9 No.4
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) in a nationwide survey of Iranian children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on 5,625 school students between 10 and 18 years of age were analyzed. BMI percentiles, screen time activity (STA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels, and components of cMetS risk score were extracted. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. Linear regression models were used to study the interactions between different combinations of cMetS, LTPA, and BMI percentiles. RESULTS: Overall, 984 (17.5%) subjects were underweight, whereas 501 (8.9%) and 451 (8%) participants were overweight and obese, respectively. All standardized values for cMetS components, except fasting blood glucose level, were directly correlated with BMI percentiles in all models (P-trend < 0.001); these associations were independent of STA and LTPA levels. Linear associations were also observed among LTPA and standardized residuals for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference (P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that BMI percentiles are associated with cMetS risk score independent of LTPA and STA levels.
Ramin Heshmat,Gita shafiee,Roya Kelishadi,Amir Eslami Shahr Babaki,Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh,Tahereh Arefirad,Gelayol Ardalan,Asal Ataie-Jafari,Hamid Asayesh,Rasool Mohammadi,Mostafa Qorbani 대한지역사회영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.6
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although the association of body mass index (BMI) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is well documented, there is little knowledge on the independent and joint associations of BMI and physical activity with MetS risk based on a continuous scoring system. This study was designed to explore the effect of physical activity on interactions between excess body weight and continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) in a nationwide survey of Iranian children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data on 5,625 school students between 10 and 18 years of age were analyzed. BMI percentiles, screen time activity (STA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels, and components of cMetS risk score were extracted. Standardized residuals (z-scores) were calculated for MetS components. Linear regression models were used to study the interactions between different combinations of cMetS, LTPA, and BMI percentiles. RESULTS: Overall, 984 (17.5%) subjects were underweight, whereas 501 (8.9%) and 451 (8%) participants were overweight and obese, respectively. All standardized values for cMetS components, except fasting blood glucose level, were directly correlated with BMI percentiles in all models (P-trend < 0.001); these associations were independent of STA and LTPA levels. Linear associations were also observed among LTPA and standardized residuals for blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference (P-trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that BMI percentiles are associated with cMetS risk score independent of LTPA and STA levels.
Synaptic and neuromorphic functions: general discussion
Berg, Alexandra I.,Brivio, Stefano,Brown, Simon,Burr, Geoffrey,Deswal, Sweety,Deuermeier, Jonas,Gale, Ella,Hwang, Hyunsang,Ielmini, Daniele,Indiveri, Giacomo,Kenyon, Anthony J.,Kiazadeh, Asal,Kö,y The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Faraday discussions Vol.213 No.-