An investigation into the efficiency of biocides in controlling algal biofouling in seawater industrial cooling towers

Al-Bloushi Mohammed,Saththasivam Jayaprakash,Jeong Sanghyun,Al-Refaie Abdullah,Raju S. Arun Kumar1,Choon NG Kim,Amy L. Gary,Leiknes TorOve 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.6

Biofouling in the open recirculating cooling water systems may cause biological corrosion, which can reduce the performance, increase the energy consumption and lower heat exchange resulting in reduced efficiency of the cooling tower (CT). Seawater CTs are prone to bio-fouled due to the presences of organic and inorganic compounds which act as nourishment for various microorganisms like (algae, fungi, and bacteria) for their growth under certain environmental conditions. The most commonly being used method to control the biofouling in CT is by addition of biocides such as chlorination. In this study, diatom and green algae were added to the CT basin and its viability was monitored in the recirculating cooling seawater loop as well as in the CT basin. Three different types of oxidizing biocides, namely chlorine, chlorine dioxide (Chlorine dioxide) and ozone, were tested by continuous addition in pilot-scale seawater CTs and it was operated continuously for 60 d. The results showed that all biocides were effective in keeping the biological growth to the minimum regardless of algal addition. Amongst the biocides, ozone could reduce 99% of total live cells of bacteria and algae, followed by Chlorine dioxide at 97%, while the conventional chlorine showed only 89% reduction in the bioactivities.

Protective efficacy of Coriandrum sativum seeds against arsenic induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice

Kumar Arun,Kumar Vikas,Akhouri Vivek,Kumar Ranjit,Ali Mohammad,Rashmi Tuhin,Chand Gyanendra Bahadur,Singh Sushil Kumar,Ghosh Ashok Kumar 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.4

Arsenic poisoning in ground water is one of the most sensitive environmental pollutant causing serious pollution all over the world. Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water to humans leads to major public health related issues. There have been very meagre studies which reported that, the plant constituents proved to exhibit protective effect from arsenicosis. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the protective efficacy of Coriandrum sativum seeds extract against sodium arsenite induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. In the present study twenty-four male healthy Swiss albino mice (30 ± 5 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6), where the control group received normal diet and water; group II and group III treated with sodium arsenite (2 mg per kg body weight per day) for 2 and 4 weeks respectively. The group IV mice were administered with C.sativum seeds extract at the dose of 150 mg per kg body weight per day for 4 weeks upon sodium arsenite pretreated (2 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks per day) mice. After the complete dose duration, all the treatment group animals were sacrificed same day for haematological, biochemical and histopathological study. In the arsenic treated mice, there were significant (p < 0.0001) changes in the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as in the haematological parameters. In contrast, after the administration with C.sativum seeds extract upon arsenic pretreated mice, there was significant (p < 0.0001) improvement observed in the hepatic and renal biomarker parameters as well as haematological variables. In the arsenic intoxicated mice, after administration with C.sativum seeds extract there was significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in the arsenic concentration in blood, liver and kidney tissues as well as in the serum LPO levels. Furthermore, the histopathological study showed that, C.sativum seeds extract administrated group of mice significantly restored the liver and kidney at cellular level against arsenic induced toxicity. The entire study concludes that C.sativum seeds extract possesses the ameliorative effect against arsenic induced liver and kidney intoxication.

Ruptured mirror DACA aneurysm: A rare case report and review of literature

Deepak Kumar Singh,Prevesh Kumar Sharma,Arun Kumar Singh,Vipin Kumar Chand 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2023 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.25 No.3

Bilateral distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms also called “kissing aneurysms” or “mirror aneurysm” are extremely rare, accounting for only 0.2% of all intracranial aneurysms. There have only been a few examples of mirror DACA aneurysms reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of mirror DACA aneurysm in a middle aged female with its successful clipping. Patient was admitted with severe headache and altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) head was suggestive of anterior inter-hemispheric hematoma. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done which was suggestive of two distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms located at same anatomical position. It was treated through microsurgical clipping. Mirror image DACA aneurysms are rare occurrence. All patients with ruptured DACA aneurysms should have angiography with 3D reconstruction studies. This aids in determining the aneurysm’s morphology and planning treatment accordingly.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Disease and Cancer: A Review

Gupta, Rakesh Kumar,Patel, Amit Kumar,Shah, Niranjan,Choudhary, Arun Kumar,Jha, Uday Kant,Yadav, Uday Chandra,Gupta, Pavan Kumar,Pakuwal, Uttam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules, are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, and can damage nucleic acids and proteins, thereby altering their functions. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants. A shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed as "oxidative stress". Paradoxically, there is a large body of research demonstrating the general effect of oxidative stress on signaling pathways, less is known about the initial and direct regulation of signaling molecules by ROS, or what we term the "oxidative interface." This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROS directly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and survival (MAP kinases and PI3 kinase), ROS homeostasis, and antioxidant gene regulation (Ref-1 and Nrf-2). This review also deals with classification as well as mechanisms of formation of free radicals, examining their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities and focusing on the potential role of antioxidants in preventing and repairing damage caused by oxidative stress. A discussion of the role of phytochemical antioxidants in oxidative stress, disease and the epigenome is included.

Revalidating Pfirrmann’s Magnetic Resonance Image-Based Grading of Lumbar Nerve Root Compromise by Calculating Reliability among Orthopaedic Residents

Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal,Senthil-Kumar Ariputhiran-Tamilselvam,Chi-An Luo,Sivaharivelan Thiagarajan,Udhayakumar Selvam,Raj-Prabhakar Sumathi-Edirolimanian 대한정형외과학회 2018 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.10 No.2

Background: Intervertebral disc herniations lead to subsequent compromise of the nerve root. The root can either have a mere contact with the disc material or be pushed aside or compressed. This was earlier graded by Pfirrmann and colleagues. We intend to revalidate this grading system by performing a reliability analysis among orthopaedic residents. Methods: Fifty axial cut magnetic resonance (MR) images of the affected lumbar disc level that belonged to different patients (age, 37.8 ± 10.4 years; 33 males and 17 females) were chosen and given to five orthopaedic residents for grading according to the Pfirrmann’s MR image-based grading of lumbar nerve root compromise. Responses were received in the form of categorical variables and reliability was assessed. Results: On doing percentage statistics, we found that 14 images had 100% agreement, 22 had 80% agreement and 14 had 60% agreement. We inferred an overall agreement of 80% ± 15.1%. In addition, interrater reliability was determined by calculating the Fleiss’ kappa, which was found to be 0.521, signifying moderate agreement. Intrarater reliability was determined by calculating Cohen’s kappa, which was found to be 0.696, signifying substantial agreement. Conclusions: Our residents took only a short time to learn and reproduce this grading system as ratings that proved to be moderately reliable. Even though the value of kappa was slightly lower, reliability was similar to that of the original authors. We think that this grading system can be adopted in day-to-day practice by framing appropriate rules to interpret MR images where the nerve roots are not visible.

Exploring the Utility of Vague Concept for Uncertainty and Hesitation Management

Arun Kumar Singh,Akhilesh Tiwari 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.12

In the realistic situation, there are many areas which contain imprecisely specified data. This imprecise data indicates the presence of vagueness, incompleteness and uncertainty which causes the problem during important decision-making task. The present paper focuses on the problem of mining important inference from supermarket basket data (in the presence of vagueness). The paper specifically studies the usefulness of vague set theory for the exploration of hesitation information and vague association rules. The hesitation information of an item plays a vital role in making selling strategies for the exhilaration of business. For this purpose, the vague set concept can be used as an important tool which can assist in the identification of hesitated item. The vague set theory with its two membership function provides more intuitive way to interact with the vague situation that causes the hesitation for any item. The effectiveness of the hesitated pattern and rule provide advanced decision-making capabilities that transform ‘almost sold’ items to ‘sold items’.

OFDM system with cyclostationary feature detection spectrum sensing

Arun Kumar,NandhaKumar P. 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.1

In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM, a cyclic prefix (CP) is applied to reduce the intervention between symbols. The CP results in bandwidth wastage, and the solution to this problem leads to the cognitive radio. In the first part of the work, OFDM with CP is presented and integrated with cyclostationary spectrum sensing. Subsequently, OFDM with cyclostationary spectrum sensing without CP is proposed with the function of the filter at the transmitter and receiver being to utilize the bandwidth that is wasted in the CP phase. The Bit Error Rate BER, signal probability detection, false alarm, and error probability are obtained and analyzed.

A Novel Scale for Assessing the Burden of Caregiving for Functionally Compromised Patients: Proposal and Validation

Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal,Anupama Korlakunta,Jacquilyne Kharlukhi,Sarada Devireddy 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.1

Background: Disability not only burdens the patient, but also the caregiver. To quantify this caregiving burden, we propose a simple four-part questionnaire tool. Our objective is to validate this questionnaire by administering it to caregivers who oversee patients with low back pain and are functionally compromised. Methods: Twenty-five spouse caregivers who were taking care of in-patients awaiting surgery for various lumbar spine pathologies were shortlisted. The content-validated questionnaire was administered on different occasions during the care recipient’s treatment. Cronbach’s α was calculated to assess internal consistency. Interrelationships between the care recipient’s pain score, extent of functional compromise, and caregiver burden were calculated. The questionnaire’s ability to track changes in the caregivers’ attitudes over time was assessed. Results: The percentage of caregiver burden before the surgery of the care recipient was 52.5. This increased significantly to 61.1% (P=0.001) 3 days after surgery, but was found to decrease to 32.5% (P<0.001) a month after the surgery; demonstrating the questionnaire’s efficacy to track changes. Cronbach’s alpha of 0.948 signifies the questionnaire’s excellent internal consistency. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between the care recipient’s pain score and caregiver’s burden score was 0.41 (P=0.04), and between the care recipient’s disability score and caregiver’s burden score was 0.9 (P<0.001). Conclusion: The proposed questionnaire is consistent and can track changes in a caregiver’s attitude over time. It can be adopted for clinical use to assess the burden of caregiving for functionally compromised patients.

DESEMPLEO EN LA ECONOMÍA INFORMAL EN NUEVO LEÓN (MÉXICO) 1998-2011: IMPLICACIONES PARA UN MERCADO LABORAL MODERNO

Arun Kumar Acharya Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2012 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.2 No.-

Abstract. Currently, in the informal economy analysis predominant two theoretical views: one that explains; that this economy is supportive of the crisis in the formal economy and the other indicates that it is inherent in the labor market processes. Amid to this controversy and the application of a own methodology, the present article presents the existence unemployment in informal economy, which could be represent a signs of insecurity in the labor market and this we have explained taking into consideration the state of Nuevo Leon, a highly industrialized state of Mexico. Resumen. Actualmente en los análisis sobre la economía informal prevalecen dos visiones teóricas: una que explica que esta economía es paliativo de la crisis de la economía formal: otra que señala que la misma es parte inherente de los procesos del mercado de trabajo. En medio de esta polémica y con la aplicación de una metodología propia, en el artículo se muestra la existencia de desempleo en la economía informal, lo cual puede representar mayores signos de precarización en los mercados laborales y eso hemos analizado en el caso del estado de Nuevo León, una entidad altamente industrializada de México.

The Blockchain-Based Decentralized Approaches for Cloud Computing to Offer Enhanced Quality of Service in terms of Privacy Preservation and Security: A Review.

Arun Kumar, B.R.,Komala, R International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.4

In the recent past enormous enterprise applications have migrated into the cloud computing (CC). The researchers have contributed to this ever growing technology and as a result several innovations strengthened to offer the quality of service (QoS) as per the demand of the customer. It was treated that management of resources as the major challenge to offer the QoS while focusing on the trade-offs among the performance, availability, reliability and the cost. Apart from these regular key focuses to meet the QoS other key issues in CC are data integrity, privacy, transparency, security and legal aspects (DIPTSL). This paper aims to carry out the literature survey by reflecting on the prior art of the work with regard to QoS in CC and possible implementation of block chain to implement decentralised CC solutions governing DIPTSL as an integral part of QoS.