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ANION INDUCED BLUE TO PURPLE TRANSITION IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN
Singh, Anil K.,Kapil, Mrunalini M. Korean Society of Photoscience 1996 Journal of Photosciences Vol.3 No.2
Anil K. Singh, Mrunalini M. Kapil, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - 400076, INDIA Purple membrane (PM, $\lambda$$_{max}$ 570 nm) of H. halobium on treatment with sulphuric acid changes its colour to blue ($\lambda$$_{max}$ 608 nm). The purple chromophore can be regenerated from the blue chromophore by exogeneous addition of anions such as CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$. Chloride ion is found to be more effective than the dibasic phosphate ion in regenerating the purple chromophore. Nevertheless, one thing common to the anion regeneration is that both CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$ show marked pH effect. At pH 1.0 the efficiency of regeneration of the purple chromophore is greater than at pH 2.0, for the same anion concentration. Fluorescence and circular dichroic studies indicate that the proteins do not undergo drastic changes at the secondary' or tertiary structure level and the native structure is preserved during this transition. However, chromophoric-site interactions between retinal and the apoprotein are affected during this colour transition. A molecular mechanism is advanced for this transition.
INFLUENCE OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS ON RETINAL-AMINE INTERACTON
Singh, Anil K.,Das, Joydip Korean Society of Photoscience 1996 Journal of Photosciences Vol.3 No.1
The effect of vesicular L-$\alpha$-phosphatidylcholine on the rate of formation of all-trans-N-retinylidene-n-butylamine (3) and on the regeneration kinetics of bacteriorhodopsin pigment from retinal and bacterio-opsin have been studied. An estimate of the relative positions of retinal and n-butylamine in the vesicles has been made by fluoresence quenching experiments. Partition coefficient of retinal and microviscosity of the retinal-binding region have also been determined. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of chemical interaction between retinal and amine in a lipid environment.
Absorption and Fluorescence Studies of 3-Ethenylindoles
Singh, Anil K.,Hota, Prasanta K. Korean Society of Photoscience 2004 Journal of Photosciences Vol.11 No.3
Synthesis, absorption and fluorescence properties of 3-methyl indole (1), N-(benzenesulfonyl)-3-(3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-indole (2) and 1H-3-(3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-indole (3) are described. Extended conjugation at C-3 of indole as in 3 causes moderate resolution of $^1L_a$ and $^1L_b$ bands. However, 2 having an electron-withdrawing group at indolic nitrogen shows only the $^1L_a$ band. While the $^1L_b$ band largely remains solvent polarity independent, the $^1L_a$ band undergoes moderate red shift in polar solvents. The fluorescence in 2 and 3 originates from the $L_b$ transition. Additionally, interaction of 2 and 3 with BSA indicates that these compounds bind to the hydrophobic site of BSA with the formation of a highly fluorescent BSA-probe complex.
Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Community Based Study From Northern India
( Govind K Makharia ),( Anil K Verma ),( Ritvik Amarchand ),( Anil Goswami ),( Prashant Singh ),( Abhishek Agnihotri ),( Faizul Suhail ),( Anand Krishnan ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.1
Background/Aims The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) varies from 4% to 20% in different Asian nations. Prevalence of IBS in native North Indian community is not known. Methods Between November 2008 to December 2009, we estimated the prevalence of IBS in a rural community of Ballabgarh block, located in Haryana state. A structured questionnaire based on Rome Ⅲ module was used to collect symptoms related to IBS from all the participants in a door to door survey. A Rome Ⅲ criterion was used for diagnosis of IBS. IBS was further classified based on predominance of symptoms as constipation predominant, diarrhea predominant, mixed and unspecified based on Rome Ⅲ module. Results There were 4,767 participants (mean age 34.6±10.8, males 50%). Overall, 555 (11.6%; 95% CI, 10.7-12.5) had constipation, 542 (11.4%; 95% CI, 10.5-12.3) diarrhea and 823 (17.3%; 95% CI, 16.2-18.4) abdominal pain. The overall prevalence of IBS was 4% (95% CI, 3.5-4.6). The prevalence of constipation predominant IBS was 0.3% (95% CI, 0.16-0.49), diarrhea predominant IBS 1.5% (95% CI, 1.18-1.90), mixed IBS 1.7% (95% CI, 1.35-2.11) and unsubtyped IBS 0.5% (95% CI, 0.32-0.75). The prevalence of IBS was significantly higher in females compared with males (4.8% vs 3.2%, P=0.008). However, there was no significant difference between males and females in the prevalence of different subtypes of IBS. The prevalence increased with age. Conclusions The prevalence of IBS in a North Indian community is 4%. IBS poses a significant burden on the rural adults. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:82-87)
Promod K. Mehta,Ankush Raj,Netrapal Singh,Krishna B. Gupta,Dhruva Chaudhary,Aparna Yadav,Anil Chaudhary,Kshitij Agarwal,Mandira Varma-Basil,Rajendra Prasad,Gopal K. Khuller 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.1
Purpose: Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses serious challenges. A careful selection of appropriate gene targetsis essential for designing a multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) assay. Materials and Methods: We compared several gene targets of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including IS6110, devR, and genes encodingMPB-64 (mpb64), 38kDa (pstS1), 65kDa (hsp65), 30kDa (fbpB), ESAT-6 (esat6), and CFP-10 (cfp10) proteins, using PCR assayson 105 EPTB specimens. From these data, we chose the two best gene targets to design an M-PCR. Results: Among all gene targets tested, mpb64 showed the highest sensitivity (84% in confirmed cases and 77.5% in clinically suspectedcases), followed by IS6110, hsp65, 38kDa, 30kDa, esat6, cfp10, and devR. We used mpb64+IS6110 for designing an M-PCR assay. Our M-PCR assay demonstrated a high sensitivity of 96% in confirmed EPTB cases and 88.75% in clinically suspected EPTB cases with a high specificity of 100%, taking clinical diagnosis as the gold standard. Conclusion: These M-PCR results along with the clinical findings may facilitate an early diagnosis of EPTB patients and clinical management of disease.
( Gupta Anil Kumar ),( Rajiv Pathak ),( Bharat Singh ),( Hemlata Gautam ),( Ram Kumar ),( Raj Kumar ),( Rajesh Arora ),( Hemant K. Gautam ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.6
A Gram-positive bacterium was isolated from the saline soils of Jangpura (U.P.), India, and showed high-level of radiation-resistant property and survived upto 12.5 kGy dose of gamma radiation. The 16S rDNA sequence of this strain was examined, identified as Bacillus sp. strain HKG 112, and was submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession No. GQ925432). The mechanism of radiation resistance and gene level expression were examined by proteomic analysis of whole-cell extract. Two proteins, 38 kDa and 86.5 kDa excised from SDS-PAGE, which showed more significant changes after radiation exposure, were identified by MALDI-TOF as being flagellin and S-layer protein, respectively. Twenty selected 2-DE protein spots from the crude extracts of Bacillus sp. HKG 112, excised from 2- DE, were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) out of which 16 spots showed significant changes after radiation exposure and might be responsible for the radiation resistance property. Our results suggest that the different responses of some genes under radiation for the expression of radiation-dependent proteins could contribute to a physiological advantage and would be a significant initial step towards a fullsystem understanding of the radiation stress protection mechanisms of bacteria in different environments.