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Blind QR Code Steganographic Approach Based upon Error Correction Capability
( Yin-jen Chiang ),( Pei-yu Lin ),( Ran-zan Wang ),( Yi-hui Chen ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.10
A novel steganographic QR code algorithm, which not only coveys the secret into the widely-used QR barcode but also preserves the readability of QR content and the capability of error correction, is presented in this article. Different from the conventional applications for QR barcode, the designed algorithm conceals the secret into the QR modules directly by exploiting the error correction capability. General browsers can read the QR content from the QR code via barcode readers; however, only the authorized receiver can further reveal the secret from the QR code directly. The new mechanism can convey a larger secret payload along with adjustment of the QR version and error correction level. Moreover, the blind property allows the receiver to reveal the secret without the knowledge of the embedded position of modules. Experimental results demonstrate that the new algorithm is secure, efficient and feasible for the low-power QR readers and mobile devices.
An Jen Chiang,Min-Yu Chen,Chia-Sui Weng,Hao Lin,Chien-Hsing Lu,Peng-Hui Wang,Yu-Fang Huang,Ying-Cheng Chiang,Mu-Hsien Yu,Chih-Long Chang 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.5
Objective: The malignant transformation (MT) of ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT)to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is very rare. This study analyzed cases from multiplemedical centers in Taiwan to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, andprognostic factors of this disease and reviewed related literature. Methods: Pathological reports of 16,001 patients with primary ovarian cancer who weretreated at Taiwan medical centers from 1990 to 2011 were reviewed. In total, 52 patients withMT of MCT to SCC were identified. Results: Among all ovarian MCTs, the incidence of MT to SCC is 0.2%. The median age ofpatients was 52 years (range, 29–89 years), and the mean tumor size was 10.5 cm (range, 1–40cm). We analyzed the patients in our study and those in the literature and determined thatearly identification and complete surgical resection of the tumor are essential for long-termsurvival. In addition, adjuvant chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy can be usedto treat this malignancy. Old age, large tumor size (≥15.0 cm), and solid components in MCTsare suitable indicators predicting the risk of MT of MCT to SCC. Conclusion: Similar to general epithelial ovarian cancers, the early detection of MT of MCTto SCC is critical to long-term survival. Therefore, older patients with a large tumor or those with a tumor containing a solid component in a clinically diagnosed MCT should beevaluated to exclude potential MT to SCC.
An Jen Chiang,Chung Chang,Chi-Hsiang Huang,Wei-Chun Huang,,Yuen-Yee Kan,Jiabin Chen 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.3
Objective: The objective was to identify risk factors that were associated with the progression from endometriosis to ovarian cancer based on medical insurance data. Methods: The study was performed on a dataset obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database, which covered all the inpatient claim data from 2000 to 2013 in Taiwan. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code 617 was used to screen the dataset for the patients who were admitted to hospital due to endometriosis. They were then tracked for subsequent diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and available biological, socioeconomic and clinical information was also collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed based on the Cox regression model to identify risk factors. C-index was calculated and cross validated. Results: A total of 229,617 patients who were admitted to hospital due to endometriosis from 2000 to 2013 were included in the study, out of whom 1,473 developed ovarian cancer by the end of 2013. A variety of factors, including age, residence, hospital stratification, premium range, and various comorbidities had significant impact on the progression (p<0.05). Among them, age, urbanization of residence, hospital stratification, premium range, post-endometriosis childbearing, pelvic inflammation, and depression all had independent, significant impact (p<0.05). The validated C-index was 0.69. Conclusion: For a woman diagnosed with endometriosis, increased age, residing in a highly urbanized area, low or high income, depression, pelvic inflammation, and absence of childbearing post-endometriosis all put her at high-risk to develop ovarian cancer. The findings may be of help to gynecologists to identify high-risk patients.
A longitudinal analysis with CA-125 to predict overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer
An Jen Chiang,Jiabin Chen,Yu-Che Chung,Huan-Jung Huang,Wen Shiung Liou,Chung Chang 대한부인종양학회 2014 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.25 No.1
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the association of longitudinal CA-125 measurements with overall survival (OS) time by developing a flexible model for patient-specific CA-125 profiles, and to provide a simple and reliable prediction of OS. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 275 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent at least one cycle of primary chemotherapy in our institute. Serial measurements of patients’ CA-125 levels were performed at different frequencies according to their clinical plans. A statistical model coupling the Cox proportional hazards and the mixed-effects models was applied to determine the association of OS with patient-specific longitudinal CA-125 values. Stage and residual tumor size were additional variables included in the analysis. Results: A total of 1,601 values of CA-125 were included. Longitudinal CA-125 levels, stage, and the residual tumor size were all significantly associated with OS. A patient-specific survival probability could be calculated. Validation showed that, in average, 85.4% patients were correctly predicted to have a high or low risk of death at a given time point. Comparison with a traditional model using CA-125 half-life and time to reach CA-125 nadir showed that the longitudinal CA-125 model had an improved predicative value. Conclusion: Longitudinal CA-125 values, measured from the diagnosis of ovarian cancer to the completion of primary chemotherapy, could be used to reliably predict OS after adjusting for the stage and residual tumor disease. This model could be potentially useful in clinical counseling of patients with ovarian cancer.
Life cycle of the aquatic firefly Luciola ficta (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Jen-Zon Ho,Pi-Hei Chiang,Chia-Hsiung Wu,Ping-Shih Yang 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.3
This research is the first to record the complete life history of the aquatic firefly Luciola ficta (Olivier) using a unique individual rearingmethod. Transparent containers (250 ml; height: 6 cm; bottom diameter: 8 cm; mouth diameter:9.5 cm) were used to rear individuals fromegg to adult in the laboratory, so that they could be observed throughout thewhole life cycle. Larvae were fed on themeat of thewater snail Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gray). Temperature ranged from18 °C to 30 °C, relative humidity (RH)was 80±5%, and the light:dark (L:D) ratiowas 10:14. Of 80 eggs,35 individuals completed their life cycle under these laboratory conditions in Jiji, Nantou County, Taiwan. The external morphological characteristics of each growing stage were described. Egg hatching rate was 95%. On average, one generation spanned 388.2±25.7 days. The durations of egg, larva, climbing larva, cocoon, and adult stages were 19.1±1.5 days, 328.9±33.2 days, 10.9±7.8 days, 14.7±5.3 days, and 15.7±5.2 days, respectively. The number of larval instars ranged fromfive to seven,with amodal value of six instars for males and seven instars for females. Female larval duration averaged 337.1±31.2 days, whichwas higher than the 307.6±34.1 days of the males. From January to December 2002, adult emergence peaked twice, with themain high peak appearing in April and the second peak occurring in August. The results of indoor rearing and of field investigations in Jiji, Nantou County, suggested that L. ficta is univoltine.Adult body length is negatively correlatedwith larval duration (Pb0.01). The life history traits of L. ficta show plasticity in adult occurrence, egg size, egg duration, larval duration, larval instars, and adult body length. Some variations were discussed in the context of survivorship in field habitats.
The Real-time Video Stabilization for the Rescue Robot
Jen-Pin Hsiao,Cheng-Chung Hsu,Tzu-Chiang Shih,Pau-Lo Hsu,Syh-Shiuh Yeh,Bor-Chyun Wang 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
When rescue robots navigate in a rough terrain, significant vibration of the video occurs unavoidably and a video stabilization system is proposed in this paper to reduce the disturbance on the visual system of the present rescue robots. The Kalman filter is applied to estimate the motion vector of the robot and the false estimation occurrence can be thus greatly reduced by applying analysis of correlation and variance of the motion vector estimation. With a hierarchical searching algorithm implemented on the TI DSP 6437, the frame rate can be improved from 10 fps to 28 fps to realize the real-time video stabilization and furthermore, the cooperative mission of multiple rescue robots has been achieved by applying the developed visual servo technique. The proposed virtual bounded motion control algorithm further leads the robots approaching the target precisely with cooperation of multiple rescue robots. The demo video is available at: http://lab816.cn.nctu.edu.tw/DemoVideo/.
Ta-Jen Huang,Chung-Ying Wu,De-Yi Chiang 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.3
Lean-burn engines can offer superior fuel efficiency but require advanced technology for NOx emission control. Electrochemical-catalytic cell has been proposed for lean DeNOx. This work demonstrates that the DeNOx rate can be enhanced by the presence of H2O and/or CO2, and can increase with increasing H2O and CO2 concentrations, although the increased extent is quite small. In the low NOx concentration range,relatively constant DeNOx rates were observed and can result in zero NOx emissions, where the presence of H2O and CO2 has important enhancement effect. Higher temperature generally results in larger N2selectivity in the low NOx concentration region.