Nanosulfated Silica as a Potential Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Nitrobenzene

Khairul Amri,Aan Sabilladin,Remi Ayu Pratika,Ari Sudarmanto,Hilda Ismail,Budhijanto,Mega Fia Lestari,오원춘,Karna Wijaya 한국재료학회 2023 한국재료학회지 Vol.33 No.7

In this study, the synthesis of nitrobenzene was carried out using sulfated silica catalyst. The study delved into H2SO4/SiO2 as a solid acid catalyst and the effect of its weight variation, as well as the use of a microwave batch reactor in the synthesis of nitrobenzene. SiO2 was prepared using the sol-gel method from TEOS precursor. The formed gel was then refluxed with methanol and calcined at a temperature of 600 °C. SiO2 with a 200-mesh size was impregnated with 98 % H2SO4 by mixing for 1 h. The resulting 33 % (w/w) H2SO4/SiO2 catalyst was separated by centrifugation, dried, and calcined at 600 °C. The catalyst was then used as a solid acid catalyst in the synthesis of nitrobenzene. The weights of catalyst used were 0.5; 1; and 1.5 grams. The synthesis of nitrobenzene was carried out with a 1:3 ratio of benzene to nitric acid in a microwave batch reactor at 60 °C for 5 h. The resulting nitrobenzene liquid was analyzed using GC-MS to determine the selectivity of the catalyst. Likewise, the use of a microwave batch reactor was found to be appropriate and successful for the synthesis of nitrobenzene. The thermal energy produced by the microwave batch reactor was efficient enough to be used for the nitration reaction. Reactivity and selectivity tests demonstrated that 1 g of H2SO4/SiO2 could generate an average benzene conversion of 40.33 %.

Recent Developments in Surface Topography-Modulated Neurogenesis

Chaima Amri,김태형,이진호 한국바이오칩학회 2021 BioChip Journal Vol.15 No.4

Repairing a nervous system damaged following an injury or as a consequence of neurodegeneration is still a challenging task. Yet, topography-based tissue engineering of neurons from different cell sources has demonstrated promising potential in the field. Substrate patterning through a range of methods including photolithography, nanofibers electrospinning, or microimprinting can not only impact the maturity of these vital neural cells but can also orient the differentiation of neural stem cells, a more prolific source of neurons. Furthermore, it has been shown that topography can guide the trans-differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, a readily accessible cell source, towards a neuronal fate. Thus, in this review, we will cover the most recent methods used in topography-based neural tissue engineering.

Human Factor & Artificial Intelligence: For future software security to be invincible, a confronting comprehensive survey

Al-Amri, Bayan O,Alsuwat, Hatim,Alsuwat, Emad International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.6

This work aims to focus on the current features and characteristics of Human Element and Artificial intelligence (AI), ask some questions about future information security, and whether we can avoid human errors by improving machine learning and AI or invest in human knowledge more and work them both together in the best way possible? This work represents several related research results on human behavior towards information security, specified with elements and factors like knowledge and attitude, and how much are they invested for ISA (information security awareness), then presenting some of the latest studies on AI and their contributions to further improvements, making the field more securely advanced, we aim to open a new type of thinking in the cybersecurity field and we wish our suggestions of utilizing each point of strengths in both human attributions in software security and the existence of a well-built AI are going to make better future software security.

Effect of Hot Press Forging Process on Different Chip Size, Pre-compaction Cycle, and Holding Time in Direct Recycling of Aluminium Alloy AA6061

( Mohd Amri Lajis ),( Siti Salwa Khamis ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

This study was implemented to investigate the effect of hot press forging process on different chip size (S), pre-compaction cycle (PCC), and holding time (t) in direct recycling of aluminum alloy AA6061. The mechanical properties of recycled chips were determined by measuring the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) while physical properties were studied by examining the microstructure, and recycled chips were compared with the original AA6061 aluminium billet. The experimental result indicates that hot pressed AA6061 aluminium alloy using larger S, maximum cycles of PCC, and maximum t, gave the optimum value of UTS at 122.33 MPa and 120.45 MPa respectively. It was found that larger S used with higher number of PPC and longer the t will produce better mechanical and physical properties of the recycled AA6061 chip.

Study on Fatigue Life of Angular Contact Ball Bearing Subjected to Geometric Error in Inner and Outer Raceways

M. N. A. Amri(암리 무하마드 나빌 아이눌),V. C. Tong(통반칸),S. W. Hong(홍성욱) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11월

Angular contact ball bearings (ACBB) are widely used in high-speed rotating systems. Geometric errors or defects such as cracks, spalls, surface roughness, and surface waviness may occur in balls or raceways during manufacturing or operating ACBBs. A lot of studies have been devoted to investigating the vibrations or diagnosis of ACBBs subjected to such errors or defects. However, few studies have been reported on the fatigue life change due to those errors or defects. This paper deals with the fatigue life due to the presence of waviness error in inner and outer raceways as a typical geometric error in ACBBs. To this end, this paper presented a computational procedure for the fatigue life of ACBBs subject to waviness errors. The proposed fatigue life formula accounts for the time-varying characteristics of contact forces between the balls and raceways of an ACBB by using the Palmgren-Minor linear cumulative damage theory. Extensive simulations were carried out to analyze the effects of the spatial frequency of waviness, and waviness amplitude on the fatigue life of ACBBs. The results demonstrated that the fatigue life is significantly affected by the waviness error.

An Electronic Strategy in Innovative Learning Situations and the Design of a Digital Application for Individual Learning to Combat Deviant Intellectual Currents in Light of the Saudi Vision 2030

Aisha Bleyhesh, Al-Amri,Khaloud, Zainaddin,Abdulrahman Ahmed, Zahid,Jehan, Sulaimani International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.12

The study aimed to build an electronic strategy in innovative learning situations for the role of education in combating intellectual currents. A total of 525 Saudi university faculty members and general education teachers were surveyed using two electronic questionnaires. Arithmetic averages and standard deviations, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha stability coefficient were used as statistical methods. The study statistically identifies the differences between the study sample at the level of significance (0.05). and the design of a digital application for individual learning to combat deviant intellectual currents to activate them in light of Saudi Vision 2030 by combining the theoretical academic material and turning it into a learning e-game called (crosswords). The game is equipped with hyper media that supports education with entertainment to direct ideas towards the promotion of identity, the development of values towards moderation and the consolidation of intellectual security. Additionally, the learning e-game represents awareness messages in three short films to activate the role of curricula and intellectual awareness centers to apply realistically, innovatively, and effectively.

Surgical management of thyroid tumor

Ali M. Al-Amri 대한종양외과학회 2014 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.10 No.2

Purpose: To review the pattern of thyroid tumor, demographic data of the patients, sensitivity, and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy at King Fahad Hospital of the University between 1982 and 2008. Data were analyzed for demographic characteristics, type of thyroid tumors, fine needle aspirations cytology (FNAC) yields and surgical complications. Results: A total of 143 patients with thyroid tumors underwent throidectomy. Their median age was 37.5 years. Females were predominantly affected (81%) with female to male ratio of (4.29:1). Thyroid carcinoma accounted for (75%) while benign tumors for (25%). The most common thyroid epithelial cancer was papillary type (74%) and was limited to thyroid tissues in almost two third of cases. Non-epithelial cancer in the form of thyroid lymphoma accounted for (4.89%) of the cases. FNAC sensitivity was 56% and specificity 92%. Surgical complications occurred in 18% of the patients. Conclusion: The commonest malignant thyroid cancer was papillary carcinoma. Thyroid cancer was more common in females. FNAC is highly accurate to confirm thyroid cancer but less sensitive in this study. Surgical complications were relatively minimal.

What is Islam?

H E Abdul Kareem M aL Amri 한국이슬람학회 1994 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.4 No.1

My presentation today is a humble attempt to explain "What is Islam." The word Islam in Arabic language means "the attitude of complete submission to God (ALLAH) the creator of man and of the whole universe." Islam's basic postulates are that God. who is the ruler and the Lord of the universe created man and provided him with temporary station on earth. God gave man the ability to thinking and understanding, and has also given him the power to distinguish righ from wrong. According to Islam man has been given (from God) a sort f autonomy while being appointed God's vicegerent on the earth. God made it explictly clear to man that He (God) alone is the Lord. the Ruler and the Deity. All creatures must submit to Him alone. Hence, man, according to Islam. must not think himself totally free and should know that this earth is not him permanent place. In due course. man dies and returns to his Lord to be judged according to the way he has utilized the period of his living on earth. The only right course for man is to acknowledge Allah(God) as the only Lord, the sustainer and the deity and to follow His guidance and His commands in all walks of life. If man chooses the course of piety and godliness he will succeed in this world and in the next. In this world he will live a life of peace and contentment and in the here=after he will qualify himself for the heaven of eternal bliss. On the other hand, if man chooses to follow the other course i.e. that of Godlessness and evil his life will be one of corruption. disruption and frustration in this world and he will meet colossal misfortune in the life to come that abode of pain and misery which called Hell. According to Islam to very first man(Adam) was provided with a burning torch of light and guidance so that humanity might attain its glorious destiny, that torch was in fact Islam. Houwever later generations drifted away from the right path and adopted different erroneous paths. And because of their negligence, they lost the original teaching. They associated with God innumerable human beings, non-human objects and imaginary entities as deities and indulged in polythesim(shirk) of worst type. Since Adam, God appointed certain virtuoun peraons from amongst people themselves. to discharge responsibilities of recalling and guiding men to the right path during their sojourn on the earth. These men known as prophets (peace be upon them all) were assinged the task of perserving the message of truth to humanity and of asking people to come to the path of Lord. These prophets were raised in all epochs. in all lands and in all nations. Their number exceeds many thousands. All of them brought the same message, all of them advocated the same way of life i.e., the way which was revealed to man on the first day of his existence. At last God raised prophet Muhammed (Peace be upon him) in the land of Arabia and assinged to him the completion of the mission for which earlier prophets were ordained. He presented anew the teaching of Islam in their pure form and provided humanity once again with the divine guidance which they had lost in its original form. This guidance is enshrined in the Holy Quran which constitutes the only right code of conduct for mankind.

Genotype x Environment Interaction for Durum Wheat Grain Yield and Selection for Drought Tolerance in Irrigated and Droughted Environments in Iran

Mohammadi, Reza,Amri, Ahmed 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Durum wheat is grown in the Mediterranean region under stressful and variable environmental conditions. In a 4-year-long experiment, 14 genotypes [including 11 durum breeding lines, two durum (Zardak) and bread (Sardari) wheat landraces, and one durum (Saji) newly released variety] were evaluated under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Iran. Several selection indices [i.e. stress tolerance index (STI), drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), and irrigation efficiency (IE)] were used to characterize genotypic differences in response to drought. The GGE biplot methodology was applied to analyze a three-way genotype-environment-trait data. Combined ANOVA showed that the year effect was a predominant source of variation. The genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) in grain yield in the both rainfed and irrigated conditions. Graphic analysis of the relationship among the selection indices indicated that they are not correlated in ranking of genotypes. The two wheat landraces and the durum-improved variety with high DTE had minimum yield reduction under drought-stressed environments. According to STI, which combines yield potential and drought tolerance, the "Saji" cultivar followed by some breeding lines (G11, G8, and G4) performed better than the two landraces and were found to be stable and high-yielding genotypes in drought-prone rainfed environments. The breeding lines G8, G6, G4, and G9 were the efficient genotypes responding to irrigation utilization. In conclusion, the identification of the durum genotypes (G12, G11, and G4) with high yield and stability performance under unpredictable environments and high tolerance to drought stress conditions can help breeding programs and eventually contribute to increasing and sustainability of durum production in the unpredictable conditions of Iran.

Service Quality Perception and Customer Satisfaction in Islamic Banks of Oman

ALAM, Naushad,AL-AMRI, Hanin Abdulrhman Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.9

Service quality of any institution is a pull factor for attracting and retaining the customer. The present study examines the customer satisfaction level toward the quality of service offered by the Islamic banks in Oman. It also aims to find out which dimension influences customer satisfaction more concerning the other dimension chosen for the study. To fulfil the need of the study, a structured questionnaire is distributed amongst 100 customers of Islamic banks. The random stratified sampling technique is used for the collection of the data. The collected data is analyzed using the correlation and the multiple linear regression techniques. The result of the study indicates that timely service provided by the banking personnel has a mean score of 4.57, bank staff readiness to serve the customer has a mean score of 4.36, and the security of the banking operation has a mean score of 4.37 occupies the highest rank in their respective dimension chosen for the study. The study reveals that all three dimensions of quality of service represented by Services Reliability, Services Responsiveness and Services Security have a positive and significant correlation with customer satisfaction. The regression results also indicate that all three dimensions influence customer satisfaction of the Islamic banks.