Role of Synthetic Slag Treatment on the Morphology of Non-Metallic Inclusions and Subsequent Cold Drawability of the High Carbon Wire Rod Steel

Alok Srivastava,Ashok Kamaraj,Durbadal Mandal,K. Mondal,Gopi K. Mandal 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The present work discusses the evolution of microstructure and non-metallic inclusions during wire drawing process in asynthetic slag-treated 5.5 mm diameter high carbon wire rod steel. It has been observed that failure of the as-received wirerod (without synthetic slag treatment) takes place at different stages of deformation during wire drawing operation. However,in case of the synthetic slag-treated wire rods (TW specimen), failure takes place consistently at ~ 95% reduction in thecross-sectional area of the wire. In a quest to understand the failure mechanisms during wire drawing process, a systematicstudy has been carried out by analyzing the microstructures and non-metallic inclusions in the steel wires drawn at variousstages of deformation. The improved drawability of the treated wire specimens is attributed to the decrease in the amountof unfavourable non-deformable inclusions in the steel matrix, and this stems from the synthetic slag treatment of the liquidsteel. Microstructural investigation also confirms the complete realignment of pearlite colonies along the wire drawingdirection followed by thinning and disintegration of cementite lamellae at higher deformation, particularly in case of thesynthetic slag-treated wire rod steel.

Some Finite Integrals Involving Srivastava's Polynomials and the Aleph Function

Bhargava, Alok,Srivastava, Amber,Mukherjee, Rohit Department of Mathematics 2016 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.56 No.2

In this paper, we establish certain integrals involving Srivastava's Polynomials [5] and Aleph Function ([8], [10]). On account of general nature of the functions and polynomials involved in the integrals, our results provide interesting unifications and generalizations of a large number of new and known results, which may find useful applications in the field of science and engineering. To illustrate, we have recorded some special cases of our main results which are also sufficiently general and unified in nature and are of interest in themselves.

Study of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Present in Deep Soil of the Malwa Region of Punjab State of India Using Low Level Background Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

Srivastava Alok,Chahar Vikash,Chauhan Neeraj,Krupp Dominik,Scherer Ulrich W. 대한방사선방어학회 2022 방사선방어학회지 Vol.47 No.1

Background: Epidemiological observations such as mental retardation, physical deformities, etc., in children besides different types of cancer in the adult population of the Malwa region have been reported. The present study is designed to get insight into the role of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in causing detrimental health effects observed in the general population of this region.Materials and Methods: Deep soil samples were collected from different locations in the Malwa region. Their activity concentrations were determined using low-level background gammaray spectrometry. High efficiency and high purity germanium detector capped in a lead-shielded chamber having a resolution of 1.8 keV at 1,173 keV and 2.0 keV at the 1,332 keV line of 60Co was used in the present work. Data were evaluated with Genie-2000 software.Results and Discussion: Mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in deep soil were found to be 101.3 Bq/kg, 65.8 Bq/kg, and 688.6 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean activity concentration of 238U was found to be three and half times higher than the global average prescribed by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). It was further observed that the activity concentration of 232Th and 40K has a magnitude that is nearly one and half times higher than the global average prescribed by UNSCEAR. In addition, the radioisotope 137Cs which is likely to have its origin in radiation fallout was also observed. It is postulated that the NORM present in high quantity in deep soil somehow get mobilized into the water aquifers used by the general population and thereby causing harmful health problems.Conclusion: It can be stated that the present work has been able to demonstrate the use of low background gamma-ray spectrometry to understand the role of NORM in causing health-related effects in a general population of the Malwa region of Punjab, India.

Ontogeny of in vitro Shoot Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem Explants in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Srivastava, Jaya,Das, Alok,Soren, Khela Ram,Chaturvedi, Sushil Kumar,Nadarajan, Nagaswamy,Datta, Subhojit 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods.

Microcystin Biosynthesis and <i> mcyA</i> Expression in Geographically Distinct <i> Microcystis</i> Strains under Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Boron Regimes

Srivastava, Ankita,Ko, So-Ra,Ahn, Chi-Yong,Oh, Hee-Mock,Ravi, Alok Kumar,Asthana, Ravi Kumar Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 BioMed research international Vol.2016 No.-

<P>Roles of nutrients and other environmental variables in development of cyanobacterial bloom and its toxicity are complex and not well understood. We have monitored the photoautotrophic growth, total microcystin concentration, and microcystins synthetase gene (<I>mcyA</I>) expression in lab-grown strains of<I> Microcystis</I> NIES 843 (reference strain), KW (Wangsong Reservoir, South Korea), and Durgakund (Varanasi, India) under different nutrient regimes (nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron). Higher level of nitrogen and boron resulted in increased growth (avg. 5 and 6.5 Chl <I>a</I> mg/L, resp.), total microcystin concentrations (avg. 1.185 and 7.153 mg/L, resp.), and<I> mcyA</I> transcript but its expression was not directly correlated with total microcystin concentrations in the target strains. Interestingly, Durgakund strain had much lower microcystin content and lacked microcystin-YR variant over NIES 843 and KW. It is inferred that microcystin concentration and its variants are strain specific. We have also examined the heterotrophic bacteria associated with cyanobacterial bloom in Durgakund Pond and Wangsong Reservoir which were found to be enriched in Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria and that could influence the bloom dynamics.</P>

Shape memory alloy actuation of non-bonded piezo sensor confi guration for bone diagnosis and impedance based analysis

Shashank Srivastava,Suresh Bhalla,Alok Madan 대한의용생체공학회 2019 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.9 No.4

In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in research community towards the application of smart materials forbio-medical structural health monitoring. Amongst the smart materials, directly bonded piezo sensors (DBPS), based on theelectro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique, have been successfully employed for the above purpose. The principle behindthe EMI technique is that high frequency excitations (typically > 30 kHz) generated by a surface bonded PZT patch are usedto detect changes in structural drive point impedance caused by cracks or any other type of damage. Bone healing and damagehave been shown to be successfully monitored using the DBPS. However, in most of the diagnostic cases of live humanand animal subjects, directly bonding a PZT patch is always an irritant or hazard for a live subject. To circumvent directbonding, the authors have developed and experimentally demonstrated a non-bonded piezo sensor (NBPS) confi guration asa good alternative to DBPS while maintaining the eff ectiveness of measurement well within discernible limits. This paperpresents further improvement in the NBPS confi guration aiming at autonomous operation of the gripping mechanism usingshape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The experiments are performed on replicas of femur bone in healthy and osteoporosisstate. This paper shows the eff ective use of SMA clamping for bone identifi cation and its damage assessment in comparisonto earlier mechanical gripping using jubilee clamps. This paper also covers impedance based identifi cation applied to SMAand clamp based NBPS confi gurations. In place of raw admittance signatures, eff ective drive point impedance is utilized forthe purpose of bone diagnostics which provides a more realistic assessment of the condition of bone.

Ontogeny of in vitro Shoot Organogenesis from Axillary Meristem Explants in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Jaya Srivastava,Alok Das,Khela Ram Soren,Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi,Nagaswamy Nadarajan,Subhojit Datta 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.3

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods.

Assessment of anti-arthritic potential of ethanolic extract and its fractions of aerial parts of Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bieb.) Desv. in animal models

Shradhanjali Singh,Alok Mukerjee,Shanti Bhushan Mishra,Yogita Srivastava 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.3

The plant Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bieb.) Desv. (family: Fabaceae) have long been used traditionally mainly for the treating rheumatism and gout in Indian system of medicine. The present work explores the phytochemical screening and eff ect of the crude extract of the aerial parts of A. pseudalhagi and its fractions in diff erent experimental models of arthritis. The dried pulverized aerial parts of the plant were extracted using 95% ethanol and water. The 95% ethanolic extract (APEE) was fractionated in four fractions including chloroform fraction (APC), ethyl acetate fraction (APEA), methanolic fraction (APM) and aqueous fraction (APA). Both extracts and all the four fractions were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC. Hematological and biochemical parameters viz. measurement of paw volume, joint diameter, body weight, RBC, WBC, Platelets, CRP, RF, Hb, ALT, AST, ALP and Total protein were determined on APEE and APEA and justifi ed by histopathological and radiological analysis. The anti-arthritic activity was evaluated using Formaldehyde induced arthritic model, Turpentine induced arthritic model and complete freund’s adjuvant arthritic model in wistar albino rats. The plant exhibited dose dependent anti arthritic eff ect in Formaldehyde, Turpentine induced and complete freund’s adjuvant arthritic model. The ethyl acetate fraction showed more signifi cant eff ect as compared to the 95% ethanolic extract at 400 mg/kg body weight dose. A. pseudalhagi remarkably ameliorated altered hematological parameters, body weight and positively modifi ed radiographic and histopathological changes.

Research Articles : Effect of Iron Availability on Induction of Systemic Resistance to Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea by Pseudomonas spp.

( Ratul Saikia ),( Alok K. Srivastava ),( Kiran Singh ),( Dilip K. Arora ),( Min Woong Lee ) 한국균학회 2005 Mycobiology Vol.33 No.1

Effect of NTT on Performance of AODV in a Grid Topology-Based Wireless Ad Hoc Network

Saurabh Sharma,Alok Singh,Rajneesh Kumar Srivastava 한국정보과학회 2022 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.16 No.3

Routing in wireless ad hoc networks that enable nodes, acting as routers also, to find the best path between source and destination nodes, taking into account cost, is a very challenging task. In the present work, an investigation of performance of AODV routing protocol in a grid topology based ad hoc network by varying the value of node traversal time (NTT) and taking into account absence and presence of Hello messages is reported. A set of metrics, including Average End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput, Routing Overhead, Route Error Overhead, Normalized Routing Load, Average Hop Count, and Total Number of Received Data Packets, has been used to assess the performance of AODV in the grid network. Performance of AODV routing protocol varies in the value of NTT. Throughput in grid topology, by and large, is observed to decrease with an increase in NTT. However, explicit relations between certain metrics with NTT as well as simulation time could not be traced due to intricacies involved in the combination of states of various links and flows in the grid topology. To have better insights, grid topologies of two, three, and four rows are planned to be investigated in the future.