A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Surgical versus Conservative Treatments for Acute Undisplaced or Minimally-Displaced Scaphoid Fractures

Turki A. Al-Ajmi,Khalid H. Al-Faryan,Naif F. Al-Kanaan,Abdulmalik A. Al-Khodair,Thamer H. Al-Faryan,Maher I. Al-Oraini,Abdulelah F Bassas 대한정형외과학회 2018 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.10 No.1

Background: Surgical and conservative methods have been reported by various studies for high rates of fracture union and subsequent regain of function among patients with undisplaced or minimally-displaced scaphoid fractures. Hence, this study aims to analyze the best available evidence to comprehend the relative benefits and risks of these therapeutic options. Methods: A systematic search of the literature from different databases and search engines was performed with strict eligibility criteria to obtain the highest quality of evidence. All randomized controlled trials delineating the outcomes of surgical versus conservative treatments for acute undisplaced or minimally-displaced scaphoid fractures were included and then evaluated using scoring tools: Cochrane risk of bias tool and PEDro scale. Data were pooled using random-effects models with standard mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous variables. Results: The search yielded 339 potentially related articles, further trimmed down to eight studies based on the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that surgical treatment resulted in significantly better functional outcomes than conservative treatment. Furthermore, surgery resulted in the prevention of delayed union of fractures and reduction of time needed to return to work. Conclusions: While four studies reported advantages of surgical treatment, evidence was insufficient to provide a definitive conclusion that surgery is a better option. Due to the significant limitations with respect to certain variables, the superiority of one method to the other could not be established.

Biodiversity of Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Capacity, and Juice Quality in Apple Cider Taxa

Saleh Al-Turki,Mohamed Shahba,Philip Forsline,Cecil Stushnoff 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.6

Apples are known to contain antioxidants that may play an important role in human health by providing protection against reactive free radicals affecting a wide range of biological molecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. While fresh apple juice is a main product of processed apples, there is little information on cultivar differences or on the impact of pasteurization on apple juice antioxidant properties. The objectives of this study were to document differences among apple species and cultivars in antioxidant properties and to define the effect of pasteurization on total phenolics content, antioxidant capacity, and juice quality. Juice from the fruit of 21 apple cultivars (Malus domestica) and eleven apple species (M. sieversii) was extracted and divided into two equal portions. One portion was immediately pasteurized in a water bath for 30 min at 75℃. Non-pasteurized and pasteurized samples were tested for total phenolics content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Depending on their total phenolics content, these were divided into eleven similar groups using Duncan’s multiple range test. Nine cultivars and two species representing the eleven groups were selected for further investigations. Juice browning, soluble solids content, pH, and total phenolics content were determined for both non-pasteurized and pasteurized juice samples. Antioxidant radical scavenging capacity was measured with a 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay. In non-pasteurized juice, total phenolics content ranged from 107.9 to 1,555.0 ㎎?L<SUP>-1</SUP> and from 127.1 to 2,212.3 ㎎?L<SUP>-1</SUP> in pasteurized juice. ABTS radical scavenging capacity ranged from 16.2 to 63.3 mM trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in non-pasteurized juice and from 11.5 to 41.3 mM in pasteurized juice. Pasteurization had no effect on total phenolics content, but had a significant effect on antioxidant capacity. There was a significant difference among cultivars and species in both cases. Pasteurization decreased juice browning only for M. sieversii 4002.a and there was no effect on other taxa. Pasteurization had no effect on soluble solids content nor on juice pH. The results suggested an approximate 92 and 73% relationship between total phenolics and ABTS radical scavenging in non-pasteurized and pasteurized juices, respectively. There was no relationship between total phenolics content and juice browning, total soluble solids content, or pH. This study advances the understanding of the biodiversity of total phenolics components and antioxidant capacity of apple juices, their quality, and the relationship among them.

Traumatic Frontal Sinus Fractures Management: Experience from HighTrauma Centre

Hieder Al-Shami,Ahmad K. Alnemare,Turki Bin Mahfoz,Ahmed M. Salah 대한신경손상학회 2021 Korean Journal of Neurotrauma Vol.17 No.1

Objective: Analysis of our traumatic brain injury data, reviewing current literatures and assessing planning valuable decision making in frontal sinus fracture for young neurosurgeons. Methods: Hospital data base for head trauma was retrieved afer board permission for retrospective analysis of cases admitted from 2010–2020. Patients with frontal sinus fractures and head trauma were identifed according to a flow chart. Variables of the study included patients' demographics, mechanism of injury, incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, types of associated injuries, imaging fndings and operative techniques. Results: Three-hundred eighty two patients were eligible to be screened in our study and represented the sample size under investigations in the following sections, 206 (53.9%) of patients were treated conservatively while 176 patients (46.1%) were identifed as having an indication for surgical intervention. Eighty-four percent of patients were males. The mean age was 36.2±9.4 years (14–86 years). Depressed skull fracture was commonly associated injury (17.61%). Leakage of CSF was found in 32.95% of patients. Conclusion: Frontal sinus fracture is not an easy scenario. It harbors many proportions and deliver many varieties in which, deep understanding of anatomy, naso-frontal outflow tract status, CSF leakage and neurological injury are of important points in decision. Our institutional algorithm provide rapid, accessible and applicable treatment protocol for resident and young neurosurgeons which minimizes consultations of other specialties.

Modulating gut microbiota using nanotechnology to increase anticancer efficacy of the treatments

Abduladheem Turki Jalil,Shahad N. Thabit,Zaman Kareem Hanan,Mohammed Qasim Alasheqi,Abdul Kareem J. Al‑Azzawi,Rahman S. Zabibah,Ali A. Fadhil 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.8

Recent clinical and pathological evidence has implicated the gut microbiota as an interplay for regulating human body homeostasis, influencing conditions ranging from cancer and dementia to obesity and social behavior. It has the potential to influence cancer prognosis and the results of cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. A growing body of evidence suggests that modulating the gut microbiota can improve the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Nanomedicine has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for modernizing traditional approaches. Accordingly, specific attention has been grabbed toward using nanomaterials to modulate the gut microbiota to enhance the anticancer treatment efficacy. The critical roles of gut microbiota in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and various cancer therapies are first introduced in this review. Following that, nanomedicine advances that improve cancer therapy efficacy by modulating or engineering gut microbiota are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using nanomedicine to target gut microbiota for cancer prevention and treatment are briefly discussed. Although there are some review papers in this concept, but there are room for further clarification to shed light on the way cross-talk between gut microbiota and cancer and, more specifically, modulating effects and emerging roles of nanomaterials.

Irreducible Knee Dislocation with Vastus Medialis Muscle Interposition

Wazzan Al­-Juhani,Bander Ahmed,Turki AlMugren 대한슬관절학회 2019 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Knee dislocation is one of the rare orthopedic emergencies that require special management with an annual incidence rate of less than 0.02%. Knee dislocations are classified by Kennedy, according to the direction of tibial dislocation in relation to the femur, as anteromedial, posteromedial, anterolateral, and posterolateral. Operative intervention and multi­ligament reconstruction are usually required in knee dislocation. Interposition of the vastus medialis inside the joint of a dislocated knee is an uncommon scenario where reduction becomes impossible. In this report, we present a case of irreducible knee dislocation with vastus medialis muscle interposition. Before reduction, we performed arthroscopy of the knee and removal of the interposed muscle to prevent extravasation of the fluid by sealing the torn capsular area.

Synthesis and Physicochemical Studies of Perovskite Manganite La<SUB>0.8</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.2</SUB>Nn<SUB>1-x</SUB>Co<SUB>x</SUB>O₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3)

D. Turki,Zafar Khan Ghouri,Saeed Al-Meer,Khaled Elsaid,M. I. Ahmad,Ahmed Easa,M. Ellouze,E. K. Hlil 한국자기학회 2017 Journal of Magnetics Vol.22 No.3

The physicochemical properties of La0.8Ca0.2Mn1−xCoxO₃ nanopowders as a function of Co content (x) have been investigated. La0.8Ca0.2Mn1−xCoxO₃ nanopowders were synthesized by sol-gel method and morphologically and structurally well characterized by Scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Infrared spectroscopic (IR) and Raman spectroscopic techniques. IR spectra shows peak at around 600 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> attributed to the stretching mode of MnO6 octahedral and peak at 700 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> assigned to La-Ca-O-Mn bending vibrations. Raman spectra indicate peaks at around 512 and 652 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> related to the Jahn-Teller octahedral distortions. The intensity of these peaks increases with increasing Co doping. The UV-visible spectra were measured in the frequency range of 200-800 nm and two energy gaps were found at 1.63 eV and 3.294 eV for x = 0, 0.1 and 0.3.

Flexural response of steel beams strengthened by fibre-reinforced plastic plate and fire retardant coating at elevated temperatures

Alim Al Ayub Ahmed,Majid M. Kharnoob,Ravil Akhmadeev,Andrei Sevbitov,Abduladheem Turki Jalil,Mustafa M. Kadhim,Zahra J. Hansh,Yasser Fakri Mustafa,Irina Akhmadullina 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.4

In this paper, the effect of fire conditions according to ISO 834 standard on the behavior of carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) reinforced steel beams coated with gypsum-based mortar has been investigated numerically. To study the efficiency of these beams, 3D coupled temperature-displacement finite element analyzes have been conducted. Mechanical and thermal characteristics of three different parts of composite beams, i.e., steel, CFRP plate, and fireproof coating, were considered as a function of temperature. The interaction between steel and CFRP plate has been simulated employing the adhesion model. The effect of temperature, CFRP plate reinforcement, and the fireproof coating thickness on the deformation of the beams have been analyzed. The results showed that within the first 120 min of fire exposure, increasing the thickness of the fireproof coating from 1 mm to 10 mm reduced the maximum temperature of the outer surface of the steel beam from 380°C to 270°C. This increase in the thickness of the fireproof layer decreased the rate of growth in the temperature of the steel beam by approximately 30%. Besides excellent thermal resistance and gypsum-based mortar, the studied fireproof coating method could provide better fire resistance for steel structures and thus can be applied to building materials.

Histopathological profile of women who had previously failed in-vitro fertilization and the association to the outcome in the subsequent in-vitro fertilization cycle

( Naama Steiner ),( Rola F Turki ),( Waleed El-khayat ),( Ghada Al Malki ),( Samer Tannus ),( Michael H. Dahan ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.65 No.1

Objective To evaluate the endometrial histopathological profile of patients undergoing curettage and the association of the histopathological profile with the pregnancy outcome during the subsequent in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 248 women with at least one failed attempt of IVF and who underwent curettage and a subsequent IVF were included. Demographic data, endometrial histopathological records, stimulation information, and pregnancy outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results The histopathological analysis of endometrial tissues showed that 130 women (52.4%) had endometrial pathologies. Of these women, 103 (41.5%) had endometrial polyps, 22 (8.9%) had chronic endometritis, and five (2.0%) had both polyps and endometritis. No statistical difference was observed between the normal histopathology group and the abnormal histopathology group in the outcome of the subsequent IVF cycle. Subgroup analyses were performed to further characterize and compare women with normal histopathology and women with endometrial polyps (polyp subgroup) or chronic endometritis (endometritis subgroup). No statistical differences were found among the three groups in the rates of pregnancy (44.1% vs. 49.5% vs. 45.5%, P=0.72), biochemical pregnancy loss (13.5% vs. 15.7% vs. 20.0%, P=0.86), clinical pregnancy loss (25.0% vs. 31.4% vs. 30.0%, P=0.77), and live birth (27.1% vs. 26.2% vs. 22.7%, P=0.91) during the subsequent IVF cycle. Conclusion Women with previously failed IVF and abnormal endometrial histopathology treated with curettage had the same outcome in the subsequent IVF cycle as women with normal endometrial histopathology.

Developing an Outcome-Based Industrial and Systems Engineering Program

Alfares, Hesham K.,Al-Turki, Umar M.,Duffuaa, Saleh O. Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2010 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.9 No.1

In this paper, a systematic methodology is proposed for developing an outcome-based undergraduate Industrial and Systems Engineering Program at the Systems Engineering Department of King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) in Saudi Arabia. This program is an upgrade of the Industrial Engineering and Operations Research (IE/OR) option, which has been in existence since 1984 and has been revised several times since then. The methodology and process used is motivated by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) 2000 criteria and has been employed to develop the program's objectives and outcomes. Subsequently, a curriculum is designed that is expected to deliver the objectives and outcomes. The paper presents the methodology, objectives, outcomes and the developed curriculum of the outcome-based program.

Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Expression in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Impact on Survival Outcome

Elsamany, Shereef Ahmed,Al-Fayea, Turki M,Alzahrani, Abdullah Said,Abozeed, Waleed Nabeel,Darwish, Waseem,Farooq, Mian Usman,Almadani, Ahmed Salahuddin,Bukhari, Esraa Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: The prognostic role of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression in lung cancer has been assessed but with inconsistent results. The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of TTF1 expression in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with stage IIIB-IV non-squamous NSCLC were enrolled. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed according to TTF1 expression status, age categories (${\leq}60$ vs >60 years), gender, performance status (PS) (0-2 vs 3-4), type of 1st line chemotherapy (pemetrexed containing vs others) and EGFR status. Results: A total of 120 patients were included. In univariate analysis, PFS was improved in patients with PS 0-2 (7.0 vs 2.0 months, p=0.002) and those who received pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy (9.2 vs 5.8 months, p=0.004). OS was improved in female patients (23.0 vs 8.7 months, p<0.0001), PS 0-2 (14.4 vs 2.0 months, p<0.0001), those with pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy (17.0 vs 11.0 months, p=0.019), TTF1-positive (12.8 vs 5.8 months, p=0.011) and EGFR- mutant patients (23.0 vs 11.7 months, p=0.006). In multivariate analysis, male gender (HR=2.34, p=0.025) and non-pemetrexed containing therapy (HR=2.24, p=0.022) were independent predictors of worse PFS. Wild EGFR status (HR=2.49, p=0.015) and male gender (HR=2.78, p=0.008) were predictors of worse OS. Conclusions: Pemetrexed-containing therapy significantly improved PFS while OS was improved in EGFR mutant patients. Female patients had better PFS and OS. TTF1 expression was not a prognostic marker in advanced non-squamous NSCLC.