Performance Analysis of Refrigerants R1234yf, R1234ze and R134a in Ejector-Based Refrigeration Cycle

Ajay Kumar Yadav,Neeraj 대한설비공학회 2018 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.26 No.3

Performance enhancement of refrigeration and heat pump systems by cycle modification is an emerging research topic now-a-days to reduce the electricity consumption leading to mitigate the problems related to the environmental pollution by utility power plants. Due to no moving parts, low cost, simple structure and low maintenance requirements, the use of two-phase ejector has become a promising cycle modification recently. Use of ejector as an expansion device by replacing the throttle valve in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle seems to be one of the efficient ways to reduce the throttling losses or the expansion irreversibility in the refrigeration/heat pump cycle. Ejector also reduces the compressor work by raising the suction pressure to a level higher than that in the evaporator leading to the improvement of COP. The present work aims to evaluate the performance of an ejector based vapor compression refrigeration cycle under a wide range of operating conditions. Two newly proposed refrigerants i.e., R1234yf and R1234ze, and commonly used refrigerant R134a are considered for simulation and a comparative study has been carried out. A numerical model is developed and a parametric study of important parameters such as entrainment ratio, high side pressure (condenser pressure) and evaporator temperature are analyzed for the improvement of COP of the system. Results show that the COP of the R1234ze is highest compared to R1234yf and R134a for the given evaporating and condensing temperature.

Spontaneous Rectal Perforation with Transanal Evisceration of the Small Bowel: A Rare Case Report

Pal Ajay Kumar,Kumar Prasoon,Yadav Dhirendra,Kumar Awanish,Pahwa Harvinder Singh,Singh Krishna Kant 대한외상중환자외과학회 2022 Journal of Acute Care Surgery Vol.12 No.2

Transanal evisceration of the small bowel is a rare surgical emergency. Rectal perforation in such cases is usually due to an underlying rectal prolapse. We report a case of a middle aged (45 years) male with spontaneous rectal perforation and transanal evisceration of the small bowel. Approximately 150 cm of small bowel had eviscerated transanally and the patient required emergent abdominal exploration, reposition of the small bowel, and repair of the rectal perforation. Small bowel evisceration through the anal verge is an emergent condition and the aim was to prevent life threatening complications related to sepsis.

Identification of New Source of Resistance to Powdery Mildew of Indian Mustard and Studying Its Inheritance

Joghee Nanjundan,Channappa Manjunatha,Jalli Radhamani,Ajay Kumar Thakur,Rashmi Yadav,Arun Kumar,Mohan Lal Meena,Rishi Kumar Tyagi,Devender Kumar Yadava,Dhiraj Singh 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.2

Powdery mildew of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum, is emerging as ma- jor problem in India. All the Indian mustard cultivars presently grown in India are highly susceptible to pow- dery mildew and so far no resistance source has been reported. In this study, with an aim to identify resistant source, 1,020 Indian mustard accessions were evaluated against E. cruciferarum PMN isolate, at Wellington, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India under natural hot spot conditions. The study identified one accession (RDV 29) with complete resistance against E. cruciferarum PMN isolate for the first time, which was consistent in five independent evaluations. Genetic analysis of F1, F2 and backcross populations obtained from the cross RSEJ 775 (highly susceptible) × RDV 29 (highly resistant) for two season revealed that the resistance is governed by two genes with semi-dominant and gene dosage effect. Further, a new disease rating system using six scales (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) has also been proposed in this study to score powdery mildew based on progress of fungal growth in different plant parts of the F2 population. The outcome of this study viz. newly identified powdery mildew-resistant Indian mustard accession (RDV 29), information on inheritance of resistance and the newly developed disease rating scale will provide the base for development of powdery mildew-resistant cultivars of Indian mustard.

Influences of Financial Inclusion on Sustainable Development of India: Using Internet Subscribers as a Moderator

Swapnil Singh THAKUR(Swapnil Singh THAKUR ),Rahul Singh GAUTAM(Rahul Singh GAUTAM ),Ajay Kumar YADAV(Ajay Kumar YADAV ),Hitesh PATOLE(Hitesh PATOLE ),Aashi RAWAL(Aashi RAWAL ),Shailesh RASTOGI(Shailes 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

The goal of this study is to understand how financial inclusion (FI) as influenced by Internet subscribers in India, affects India’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This study makes use of secondary data that was collected from 16 Indian states and one Union Territory between the fiscal years of 2018 and 2020. The goal of this study has been investigated using panel data regression analysis (PDR). And the study’s findings indicate that wages received through MNREGA accounts and post office operating accounts under the supervision of Internet subscribers have a significant negative impact on India’s SDGs, demonstrating how financial inclusion is harming the country’s efforts to achieve sustainable development. This study suggests that it is important to pay attention to rural areas’ access to the digital environment and their degree of digital literacy. These findings imply that improving the MGNREGA program and employees’ pay might help the government alleviate poverty in India. Financial inclusion also depends heavily on financial literacy. The government should improve its digital infrastructure in rural and urban areas so that people there may better understand and utilize it given that it promotes financial inclusion, digitalization, economic advancement, rural development, and poverty reduction.

Evaluation of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis: a prospective, randomized study

Gaurav Gupta,Ajay Shahbaj,Dharmendra Kumar Pipal,Pawan Saini,Vijay Verma,Sangeeta Gupt,Vibha Rani,Seema Yadav 대한내시경로봇외과학회 2022 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: Uncertainty exists about whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an appropriate surgical treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis. This study aimed to compare early vs. late LC for acute calculous cholecystitis regarding intraoperative difficulty and postoperative outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective randomized study carried out between December 2015 and June 2017; 60 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were divided into two groups (early and delayed groups), each comprising 30 patients. Thirty patients treated with LC within 3 to 5 days of arrival at the hospital were assigned to the early group. The other 30 patients were placed in the delayed group, first treated conservatively, and followed by LC 3 to 6 weeks later. Results: The conversion rates in both groups were 6.7% and 0%, respectively (p = 0.143). The operating time was 56.67 ± 11.70 minutes in the early group and 75.67 ± 20.52 minutes in the delayed group (p = 0.001), and both groups observed equal levels of postoperative complications. Early LC patients, on the other hand, required much fewer postoperative hospital stay (3.40 ± 1.99 vs. 6.27 ± 2.90 days, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Considering shorter operative time and hospital stay without significant increase of open conversion rates, early LC might have benefits over late LC.

2D materials: increscent quantum flatland with immense potential for applications

Ranjan Pranay,Gaur Snehraj,Yadav Himanshu,Urgunde Ajay B.,Singh Vikas,Patel Avit,Vishwakarma Kusum,Kalirawana Deepak,Gupta Ritu,Kumar Prashant 나노기술연구협의회 2022 Nano Convergence Vol.9 No.26

Quantum flatland i.e., the family of two dimensional (2D) quantum materials has become increscent and has already encompassed elemental atomic sheets (Xenes), 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), 2D metal nitrides/carbides/carbonitrides (MXenes), 2D metal oxides, 2D metal phosphides, 2D metal halides, 2D mixed oxides, etc. and still new members are being explored. Owing to the occurrence of various structural phases of each 2D material and each exhibiting a unique electronic structure; bestows distinct physical and chemical properties. In the early years, world record electronic mobility and fractional quantum Hall effect of graphene attracted attention. Thanks to excellent electronic mobility, and extreme sensitivity of their electronic structures towards the adjacent environment, 2D materials have been employed as various ultrafast precision sensors such as gas/fire/light/strain sensors and in trace-level molecular detectors and disease diagnosis. 2D materials, their doped versions, and their hetero layers and hybrids have been successfully employed in electronic/photonic/optoelectronic/spintronic and straintronic chips. In recent times, quantum behavior such as the existence of a superconducting phase in moiré hetero layers, the feasibility of hyperbolic photonic metamaterials, mechanical metamaterials with negative Poisson ratio, and potential usage in second/third harmonic generation and electromagnetic shields, etc. have raised the expectations further. High surface area, excellent young’s moduli, and anchoring/coupling capability bolster hopes for their usage as nanofillers in polymers, glass, and soft metals. Even though lab-scale demonstrations have been showcased, large-scale applications such as solar cells, LEDs, flat panel displays, hybrid energy storage, catalysis (including water splitting and CO2 reduction), etc. will catch up. While new members of the flatland family will be invented, new methods of large-scale synthesis of defect-free crystals will be explored and novel applications will emerge, it is expected. Achieving a high level of in-plane doping in 2D materials without adding defects is a challenge to work on. Development of understanding of inter-layer coupling and its effects on electron injection/excited state electron transfer at the 2D-2D interfaces will lead to future generation heterolayer devices and sensors.