A Retrospective Analysis on the Cystic Echinococcosis Cases Occured in Northeastern Punjab Province, Pakistan

Aisha Khan,Sarmad Zahoor,Haroon Ahmed,Uzma Malik,Rabia Amin Butt,Muhammad Sultanul Muzam,Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc,Noorulain Noor,Saroosh Zahoor,Muhammad Sohail Afzal,Hamza Mansur,Shumaila Irum,Sami Simse 대한기생충학열대의학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.56 No.4

Impact and Comparison of Programming Constructs on JAVA and C# Source Code Readability

Aisha Batool,Muhammad Habib ur Rehman,Aihab Khan,Amsa Azeem 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.11

Software readability is a property that manipulates how easily a given piece of code can be read and understood. Since readability can affect maintainability, quality, reusability, understandability etc. Programmers are very concerned about the readability of code. For the good decision of selecting languages, it is necessary to know about the readability of languages. Many software constructs may affect readability of code. In this paper we have selected some constructs that affect readability property and we calculated their readability in C# and java PL. At the end we have also compared results for both languages to make decision easy for programmers to choose best one from both. Short snippets are taken from c# and java and for their readability; five readability indexes are used to get results.

Melissa parviflora Benth. A Review on its Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological profile

Khan, Afshan,Siddiqui, Aisha,Jamal, Anwar Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.4

Melissa parviflora Benth. is an aromatic perennial herb of Lamiaceae family. It is one of the most influencial plant and used from centuries in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of various malady such as Epilepsy (mirgi), hemiplegia (falij), migraine (shaqeeqa), insomnia (sehar), indigestion (sue hazm) and palpitation (khafqaan) etc. The Persian physician Avicenna endorsed it for heart problems. It has antitubercular, antipyretic, analgesic and stomachic properties, also used to remove bad breath from mouth, strengthen the gums but its main action is as a tranquillizer and nervine relaxant, it is greatly esteemed for its calming properties. Preliminary performed phytochemical analysis revealed that tannin, flavonoid and saponins are the major components of the plant extract. The plants containing saponins or flavonoids exhibit anticonvulsant activity whereas the flavonoids show various biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic-antitumor etc. Keeping in view the tremendous medicinal importance of the plant Badranjboya in Unani Medicine, this review provides updated information on its phytochemistry, therapeutic uses and pharmacological properties.

Scenario Based Robust Control Design for Uninterruptible Power Supplies

Aisha Qamar,Asad Ullah Awan,Kunwar Fraz Ahmed Khan,Muwahida Liaquat 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The paper presents the designing of a robust control scheme for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) by implementing scenario based approach which is a probabilistic solution framework to synthesize and analyze the problems that can be expressed in the form of minimization of a linear objective subject to convex constraints parameterized by uncertainty terms. The scenario based problem being a standard convex optimization problem possesses the solution which is approximately feasible for the infinite set of constraints and is obtained by appropriate sampling of uncertain constraints. The load variation of UPS affects the output voltage and hence is considered as a linear uncertain parameter with a known range in the dynamic model of UPS. An LPV H-infinity optimization problem is formulated in the presence of load variations maintaining the output voltage to the desired value. To design the control problem guaranteeing an a-priori particular probabilistic robustness we use the scenario based approach by randomly selecting the finite number of uncertain scenarios for the load variations instead of using conventional ploytopic approach which covers and comments on the entire uncertainty set for UPS and the solution of scenario problem is computed efficiently by solving the optimization problem using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical simulations and comparisons with LPV H-infinity and with linear PID control design shows the proposed scheme makes the system more robust towards uncertainties as well as exogenous disturbances to make it stable and improving its THD and transient performance.

Women’s Unpaid Care Work in Urban Pakistan during COVID-19: Awakening Women’s Agency?

Anam Khan,Aisha Anees Malik 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2023 Asian Women Vol.39 No.2

This research records, highlights, and analyzes the experiences of women’s unpaid care work during the pandemic of Covid-19 in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Women’s unpaid care work during Covid-19 occurs in a context where structural discrimination already persists: Women perform a disproportionate share of unpaid care work due to the gendered division of labor. This article addresses the gendered power ideologies underpinning familial relationships in Pakistan that were revealed during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both working women and housewives were obligated to take on additional household responsibilities, constantly switching between roles (mother, housewife, daughter-in-law, employee) to cater for the needs of the family. Through the experiences of Pakistani women, this study shows how Covid-19 has served as an insightful journey for these women who amidst patriarchal ideologies developed an understanding of their individuality, identity, and their significance in this unpaid care work realm. The pandemic prompted them to reflect on their roles as care workers and instilled a sort of agency in them to negotiate, resist, redefine, and maneuver through their subordinated positions to feel empowered and happy. The study also contests the idea of homogeneity inherent in the women’s experiences through the 20 narratives that it discusses with a special focus on the distinctiveness intertwined in the use of agency by these women. Hence, the article subtly explores subjective experiences and contextualizes the reflexive responses of these women during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Mochrus (Bombax ceiba Linn.): A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacology Phytochemistry, and Ethnomedicinal Uses

Fatima, Suhail,Siddiqui, Aisha,Khan, Afshan Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.4

The medicinal plants are extensively used for curing variegated malady in day to day life. There is an emergent demand for plant based medicines, food supplements, health products, pharmaceuticals etc. Mochrus (Bombax ceiba Linn.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants used in Unani system of medicine since relic belongs to family Bombacaceae. It is a tall tree and widely distributed through India, Africa, Australia and tropical Asia. Many parts of the plant (root, stem bark, gum, leaf, prickles, flower, fruit, seed and heartwood) are used for the treatment of a variety of ailments. It is reported to possess nafe sailanur reham (beneficial in leucorrhea), mujaffif (siccative), muqawwi reham (uterine tonic), qabiz (constipative), muallide mani (production of semen), mumsik wa mughalliz mani (increase consistency of semen), dafe fasaad khoon wa safra (purifies blood and bile) etc. It is used in asthma, diarrhoea, wound, leprosy, boils and many other skin diseases. Also possess some important pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, diuretic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive etc. It is reported to contain phytoconstituents like polysaccharides, naphthoquinones, anthocyanins, lupeol and naphthol etc. This paper provides a compendium review on pharmacological, phytochemical properties and therapeutic benefits of the plant.

Formative research and development of an evidence-based communication strategy: the introduction of Vi typhoid fever vaccine among school-aged children in Karachi, Pakistan.

Pach, Alfred,Tabbusam, Ghurnata,Khan, M Imran,Suhag, Zamir,Hussain, Imtiaz,Hussain, Ejaz,Mumtaz, Uzma,Haq, Inam Ul,Tahir, Rehman,Mirani, Amjad,Yousafzai, Aisha,Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant,Ochiai, R Leon,S Taylor Francis, Inc 2013 Journal of health communication Vol.18 No.3

<P>The authors conducted formative research (a) to identify stakeholders' concerns related to typhoid fever and the need for disease information and (b) to develop a communication strategy to inform stakeholders and address their concerns and motivate for support of a school-based vaccination program in Pakistan. Data were collected during interactive and semi-structured focus group discussions and interviews, followed by a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary consultative process to identify an effective social mobilization strategy comprised of relevant media channels and messages. The authors conducted 14 focus group discussions with the parents of school-aged children and their teachers, and 13 individual interviews with school, religious, and political leaders. Parents thought that typhoid fever was a dangerous disease, but were unsure of their children's risk. They were interested in vaccination and were comfortable with a school-based vaccination if conducted under the supervision of trained and qualified staff. Teachers and leaders needed information on typhoid fever, the vaccine, procedures, and sponsors of the vaccination program. Meetings were considered the best form of information dissemination, followed by printed materials and mass media. This study shows how qualitative research findings can be translated into an effective social mobilization and communication approach. The findings of the research indicated the importance of increasing awareness of typhoid fever and the benefits of vaccination against the disease. Identification and dissemination of relevant, community-based disease and vaccination information will increase demand and use of vaccination.</P>

Using Growth and Ionic Contents of Wheat Seedlings as Rapid Screening Tool for Salt Tolerance

Wajid Mahboob,Muhammad Athar Khan,Muhammad Ubaidullah Shirazi,Saba Mumtaz,Aisha Shereen 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.2

High germination percentage with vigorous early growth is preferred for harvesting good wheat stand under saline soils. Therefore, an attempt for rapid screening of wheat genotypes for salt tolerance was made in this study. Eleven wheat genotypes including salt tolerant check Kiran-95were subjected to salinity (120 and 160 mMNaCl) along with non-saline,control. Results showed a gradual decrease in seed germination and restricted seedling growth in tested wheat genotypes inㅡresponse to increasing NaCl concentration in nutrient solution. Among the genotypes, NIA-AS-14-6 and NIA-AS-14-7 exhibited more sensitivity towards the salt stress at the germination stage but NIA-AS-14-6 performed quite satisfactorily later on at the seedling stage. Wheat genotypes NIA-AS-14-2, NIA-AS-14-4, NIA-AS-14-5, NIA-AS-14-10, and Kiran-95 showed better performance in term of root-shoot length, plant biomasses (fresh and dry), K+:Na+ ratio with least Na+ content, and high accumulation of K+ at higher levels of NaCl stress. On the basis of overall results, the categorization of genotypes was carried out as sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant. Wheat genotypes NIA-AS-14-2, NIA-AS-14-4, NIA-AS-14-5, NIA-AS-14-10, and Kiran-95 grouped as tolerant, moderately salt tolerant group comprised of NIA-AS-14-1, NIA-AS-14-3, NIA-AS-14-6, and NIA-AS-14-8, whereas, NIA-AS-14-7 and NIA-AS-14-9 were found sensitive to salt stress. Principal component analysis revealed that components I and II contributed 70 and 16.5%, respectively. All growth parameters are associated with each other except RDW. In addition to growth traits, low Na+ and improved K+ content with better K+:Na+ ratio may be used for screening of salt tolerance in wheat as potential physiological criteria.