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Ethical Guidelines for Use of Experimental Animals in Biomedical Research
Cho, Ahra,Seok, Seung Hyeok 대한미생물학회 2013 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.43 No.1
Increasing concerns on animal welfare, the discussion about the necessity and the ethical acceptability of animal experiments is getting important. In this article, we describe ethical issues between the benefits of the animal experiments and the suffering of the animals. If there are no alternatives for animal experiments, the ethical guidelines, 3Rs (Reduction, Replacement, Refinement) by Russell and Burch for humane animal experiments should be considered. Moreover, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) assist researchers to perform animal testing humanely and safely. We point out three important aspects in support of humane animal experiments; 1) the development of diverse scientific alternatives on the animal testing, 2) the ethical education of animal experiments for researchers, 3) the productive interactions among various social groups on ethics and safety of animal experiments.
Cho, Ahra,Kim, Da Bin,Cho, Yong Soo American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.14
<P>The successful utilization of Pb-free piezoelectric materials is considered as critical since the piezoelectric material-based thin-film cantilever is still the preferred choice for commercial vibrational energy harvesters. Herein, we introduce a highly efficient piezoelectric energy harvester based on a Pb-free representative compound, Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB>, which has not been explored so far. Applying a strong electric field for poling purposes brought unexpectedly huge changes in the dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient, which were responsible for the promising power density of 21.2 μW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>/g<SUP>2</SUP>/Hz with 537.7 mV output voltage and 2.22 μW output power for a 2 μm thick 0.94(Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>)TiO<SUB>3</SUB>-0.06BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> thin-film cantilever. The power density value is the best so far compared with any reported values for thin-film-based harvesters. As the origin of the effects of poling, the surface potentials across the grain structure are discussed in conjunction with the defect-dipole alignment, as evidenced by the increased oxygen vacancies on the film surface under an external bias field.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Ahra Cho,홍승욱,Young-Joon Yoon 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2016 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.29 No.1
Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the hair regrowth effect of Gagamyeonryunggobon-dan on ICR mice from measuring the change of diverse factors. Methods : Gagamyeonryunggobon-dan was treated by oral administration with 2.5㎎/㎏/day amount for 3 weeks per mouse everyday. Hair regrowth was estimated by change of morphology, angiogenesis, hair follicle activation. The change of morphology was observed with external, internal change and sebaceous gland. Angiogenesis was estimated by image analysis, capillary distribution and angiogenic chemokine(MIP-2). Hair follicle activation was estimated by PCNA, IGF-2 and serotonin. Results : 1. Gagamyeonryunggobon-dan treated group had more and thicker hairs than the group not treated. Especially well developed sebaceous glands were seen in dermis of treated group. 2. Gagamyeonryunggobon-dan treated group had more capillaries near hair follicles of subcutaneous layer and more 2019% MIP-2 positive activity than the group not treated. 3. Gagamyeonryunggobon-dan treated group increased positive activity up to 596% in PCNA, 187% in IGF-2 and 547% in serotonin more than the group not treated. Conclusion : These results shows that Gagamyeonryunggobon-dan have the hair regrowth effect through verifying change of morphology, angiogenesis, chemokines. Consequently Gagamyeonryunggobon-dan is expected to apply to take care of extensive hair loss symptoms.
Development of a Smart Device Utilization Education Program for Senior Citizens
Ahra CHO,Chan-Woo YOO Korea Fourth Industrial Association 2024 Fourth industrial review Vol.4 No.1
Purpose: This study is based on the results of the National Information Society Agency's the Report on the Digital Divide in 2022. This study sought to develop digital literacy education programs for senior citizens, a digitally disadvantaged group, and to utilize smart devices to enhance their digital capabilities. Research design, data and methodology: Based on Gagné's nine events of instruction, a total of 7-session educational programs using smart devices were developed, and teaching-learning goals were set at a level that older learners can realistically perform. In preparation for the era of digital transformation, AI utilization methods are introduced and utilized in some sessions of the educational program. Results: Among a total of 7 sessions of the educational program, 5 sessions using KakaoTalk and Naver App, and 2 sessions using other apps were developed. There are a total of three sessions using AI. Conclusions: This study presented a digital literacy education program that combined AI, addressing the insufficiency of AI-based education programs targeting senior citizens. It is expected that this educational program will be able to improve the digital literacy skills and provide a basis for fulfilling their responsibilities as digital citizens by suggesting a direction for AI utilization education for senior citizens.
Cho, Ahra,Han, Chan Su,Kang, Meenjoo,Choi, Wooseok,Lee, Jihwan,Jeon, Jaecheol,Yu, Sujae,Jung, Ye Seul,Cho, Yong Soo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.18
<P>Colossal dielectric constant CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> has been recognized as one of the rare materials having intrinsic interfacial polarization and thus unusual dielectric characteristics, in which the electrical state of the grain boundary is critical. Here, the direct correlation between the grain boundary potential and relative permittivity is proposed for the CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> thin films doped with Zn, Ga, Mn, and Ag as characterized by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The dopants are intended to provide the examples of variable grain boundary potentials that are driven by chemical states including Cu<SUP>+</SUP>, Ti<SUP>3+</SUP>, and oxygen vacancy. Grain boundary potential is nearly linearly proportional to the dielectric constant. This effect is attributed to the increased charge accumulation near the grain boundary, depending on the choice of the dopant. As an example, 1 mol % Ag-doped CaCu<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> thin films demonstrate the best relative permittivity as associated with a higher grain boundary potential of 120.3 mV compared with 82.6 mV for the reference film. The chemical states across grain boundaries were further verified by using spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy with the simultaneous electron energy loss spectroscopy.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
조아라(Cho, AhRa),조한혁(Cho, HanHyuk) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.18
The purpose of this study is to discuss the evaluation of building block in elementary school mathematics curriculum and to describe instructional plan accordingly. In particular, it is pointed out that the current teaching method of building block teaching is limited to the field of geometry, so it does not fully reflect the educational significance of the mathematical subject. This paper presents a building block learning environment based on executable expression in which learners can code letters and numbers by themselves and instantaneously check the images of the building block. In other words, it discusses the ways of linking to the field of characters and expressions, creativity and computing thinking by developing the patterned building block learning that was treated only as the geometric area in the formal education course, and the validity and evaluation standard There is a key point of the study to look at the guidance method. It is expected that the evaluation and guidance method sought through three areas will present a broader perspective on the teaching - learning of the building block, and present a meaningful teaching - learning direction to both the teacher and the learner 본 연구는 초등학교 수학 교과의 쌓기나무 학습에 대한 평가를 논의하고, 이에 따른 지도 방안을 기술하려는 목적을 지니고 있다. 특히 현재 쌓기나무 교수-학습이 기하의 영역으로 한정되어 쌓기나무가 수학 교과에서 가지고 있는 교육적 의의를 충 분히 반영하지 못하고 있음을 지적하고, 학습자가 스스로 문자와 수를 코딩하고 이에 대한 쌓기나무 이미지를 즉각적으로 확인할 수 있는 실행식 기반의 쌓기나무 학습 환경을 제시한다. 즉, 공식적 교육과정에서 기하의 영역으로만 다루어졌던 쌓기 나무 학습을 쌓기나무 패턴 학습으로 발전시켜 문자와 식, 창의성 그리고 컴퓨팅 사고력 영역과 연계시키는 방안을 논의하고, 각 영역을 연결시키는 타당성과 평가 규준 및 지도 방안을 살펴보는 것에 연구의 핵심이 있다. 세 가지 영역을 통해 모색한 평가 및 지도 방안은 쌓기나무 교수-학습에 더욱 넓은 관점을 제시하고, 교사와 학습자 모두에게 유의미한 교수-학습의 방향을 제시할 것으로 기대된다.