Outcome and Cost Effectiveness of Ultrasonographically Guided Surgical Clip Placement for Tumor Localization in Patients undergoing Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

Masroor, Imrana,Zeeshan, Sana,Afzal, Shaista,Sufian, Saira Naz,Ali, Madeeha,Khan, Shaista,Ahmad, Khabir Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Background: To determine the outcome and cost saving by placing ultrasound guided surgical clips for tumor localization in patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2014. A sample of 25 women fulfilling our selection criteria was taken. All patients came to our department for ultrasound guided core biopsy of suspicious breast lesions and clip placement in the index lesion prior to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. All the selected patients had biopsy proven breast cancer. Results: The mean age was $45{\pm}11.6years$. There were no complications seen after clip placement in terms of clip migration or hemorrhage. The cost of commercially available markers was approximately PKR 9,000 (US$ 90) and that of the surgical clip was PKR 900 (US$ 9). The cost of surgical clips in 25 patients was PKR 22,500 (US$ 225), when compared to the commercially available markers which may have incurred a cost of PKR 225,000 (US$ 2,250). The total cost saving for 25 patients was PKR 202,500 (US$ 2, 025), making it PKR 8100 (US$ 81) per patient. Conclusions: The results of our study show that ultrasound guided surgical clip placement in index lesions prior to neo-adjuvant therapy is a safe and cost effective method to identify tumor bed and response to treatment for further management.

Induction of Folate Sensitive Chromosomal Fragile Sites by Fudr in Pakistani Lohi Sheep (Ovis aries)

Ali, Ahmad,Babar, Masroor Ellahi,Abdullah, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.8

An investigation to determine frequency and distribution of folate sensitive chromosomal fragile sites was carried out in a Pakistani breed of Lohi sheep to uncover fragile site phenomena. The means and standard errors of aberrant cell count (AC) and Number of aberrations (NoA) in Lohi sheep were $0.56{\pm}0.15$ and $0.59{\pm}0.16$ in the control cultures. FUdR treated cells showed significantly higher (p<0.001) AC and NoA means ($2.18{\pm}0.33$ and $2.65{\pm}0.50$). The sex comparison for the frequency of expression indicated that males had significantly higher number of aberrant cells and total number of aberrations in FUdR cultures than the female group in Lohi sheep. The comparison of control cultures was however, not significantly different between the two groups. The regression analysis of FUdR-induced chromosomal fragility data analysis of the fragility data predicted very low ${\beta}$ of 0.325 and 0.412 for AC and NoA respectively. Lohi chromosomes expressed lesions in only 7 and 24 bands in the control and FUdR cultures respectively. The total number of significantly fragile bands in the Lohi genome was only 4. The X-chromosome of the Lohi sheep was highly stable at $5{\mu}g/ml$ FUdR with no fragile sites. The sex comparison for the distribution of fragile sites across the Lohi genome did not reveal any noticeable differences.

Improved Current Controlled Doubly Fed Induction Generator Model with Grid Integration Under Sub and Super Synchronous Conditions

Arslan Ahmed Amin,Hamza Ahmad,Hassan Khalid,Neha Masroor,Huda Mahmood,Muhammad Abubakar 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.1

This paper presents the development and experimental verifi cation of the mathematical model of wind turbine and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) using the current control and voltage estimation method between the DC link. The rotor of the induction generator (IG) is rotated with the wind turbine at a specifi c speed. The DFIG is directly coupled with a grid station and the synchronization between DFIG and the grid station is controlled by setting two converters: Machine Side Converter (MSC) implemented with the rotor side and Grid Side Converter (GSC) implemented with the grid. PI controllers have been utilized in the control loops and the parametric range is extracted to maximize the mechanical power transferred to the IG rotor. The model is tested under three conditions DFIG running at super synchronous speed, synchronous speed, and under synchronous speed using MATLAB Simulink. In the end, the same model is also tested through a series of experiments using lab modules. The results show that the proposed model is much simplifi ed and accurate as compared to previous versions available in the literature.

In vitro anticancer activities of Withania coagulans against HeLa, MCF-7, RD, RG2, and INS-1 cancer cells and phytochemical analysis

Muhammad Maqsood,Rahmatullah Qureshi,Masroor Ikram,M. Sheeraz Ahmad,Bushra Jabeen,Muhammad Rafique Asi,Junaid Ahmed Khan,Safdar Ali,Lothar Lilge 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.2

Background: The Pakistani Salt Range has a rich floral diversity including Withania coagulans from the Solanaceae family. Methods: The crude methanolic extracts of the root, leaf, leaf stalk, and fruit of this plant were screened for their cytotoxic activity against human (HeLa, MCF-7, RD) and rat (RG2 and INS-1) cancer cell lines at 20 μg/mL and compared to methotrexate. The IC50 values indicated that leaf stalk and fruit extracts exert an 80% or higher cytotoxic activity against all cell lines at 24 hours. Results: The leaf stalk extract showed the highest cytotoxic efficacy against all tested cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.96 ± 0.01 μg/mL to 4.73 ± 0.05 μg/mL followed by the fruit extract with IC50 values of 0.69 ± 0.01–6.69 ± 0.06 μg/mL after 48–72 hours incubation. The leaf stalk and seed extracts were analyzed for polyphenols and flavonoids using RP-HPLC. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was calculated for all tested samples, and the highest TFC was recorded for the root extract (394.34 ± 1.26 μg/g). The total phenolic content (TPC) was found in the seed extract (307.86 ± 9.42 μg/g) of W. coagulans. The highest contents of myricetin (358.46 ± 2.91 μg/g) were noted in the leaf extract, and highest quercetin was recorded in the seed extract (21.43 ± 0.13 μg/g). The highest gallic acid concentration (83.62 ± 0.71 μg/g) was recorded in leaf stalk extract and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the seed extract (157.46 ± 1.43 μg/g). Conclusion: The present study gives a scientific insight and comparative analysis of various plant parts in this medicinally important plant species from the Salt Range of Pakistan against both human and rat cancer cells.

The C609T (Pro187Ser) Null Polymorphism of the NQO1 Gene Contributes Significantly to Breast Cancer Susceptibility in North Indian Populations: a Case Control Study

Yadav, Prasant,Mir, Rashid,Nandi, Kajal,Javid, Jamsheed,Masroor, Mirza,Ahmad, Imtiyaz,Zuberi, Mariyam,Kaza, RCM,Jain, SK,Khurana, Nita,Ray, Prakash Chandra,Saxena, Alpana Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is a leading cause of cancer death. In the present study, we investigated the NQO1 C609T genotypic and allelic distribution in north Indian breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The genotypic distribution of the NQ01 C609T polymorphism was assessed in 100 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast cancer patients and 100 healthy controls using allele specific PCR (AS-PCR). Results: A lower frequency of the CC genotype was found in breast cancer patients (24%) than in the controls. On the other hand, TT genotype frequency was also found to be higher in female healthy controls (32%) than the female breast cancer patients (20%). The frequencies of all three genotypes CC, CT, TT in patients were 24%, 56% and 20% and in healthy controls 50%, 22% and 32% respectively. We did not find any significant correlation between the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and age group, grading, menopausal status and distant metastasis. A less significant association was found between the NQ01 C609T polymorphism and the stage of breast cancer (X2=5.931, P=0.05). Conclusions: The present study shows a strong association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism with the breast cancer risk in the north Indian breast cancer patients so that possible use as a risk factor should be further expel.

Study of hydrodynamics and iodine removal by self-priming venturi scrubber

Ahad Jawaria,Rizwan Talha,Farooq Amjad,Waheed Khalid,Ahmad Masroor,Qureshi Kamran Rasheed,Siddique Waseem,Irfan Naseem 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.1

Filtered containment system is a passive safety system that controls the over-pressurization of containment in case of a design-based accidents by venting high pressure gaseous mixture, consisting of air, steam and radioactive particulate and gases like iodine, via a scrubbing system. An indigenous lab scale facility was developed for research on iodine removal by venturi scrubber by simulating the accidental scenario. A mixture of 0.2 % sodium thiosulphate and 0.5 % sodium hydroxide, was used in scrubbing column. A modified mathematical model was presented for iodine removal in venturi scrubber. Improvement in model was made by addition of important parameters like jet penetration length, bubble rise velocity and gas holdup which were not considered previously. Experiments were performed by varying hydrodynamic parameters like liquid level height and gas flow rates to see their effect on removal efficiency of iodine. Gas holdup was also measured for various liquid level heights and gas flowrates. Removal efficiency increased with increase in liquid level height and gas flowrate up to an optimum point beyond that efficiency was decreased. Experimental results of removal efficiency were compared with the predicted results, and they were found to be in good agreement. Maximum removal efficiency of 99.8% was obtained.

Investigation of dust particle removal effi ciency of self-priming venturi scrubber using computational fl uid dynamics

Sarim Ahmed,Hassan Mohsin,Kamran Qureshi,Ajmal Shah,Waseem Siddique,Khalid Waheed,Naseem Irfan,Masroor Ahmad,Amjad Farooq 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.5

A venturi scrubber is an important element of Filtered Containment Venting System (FCVS) for theremoval of aerosols in contaminated air. The present work involves computational fluid dynamics(CFD) study of dust particle removal efficiency of a venturi scrubber operating in self-priming mode usingANSYS CFX. Titanium oxide (TiO2) particles having sizes of 1 micron have been taken as dust particles. CFD methodology to simulate the venturi scrubber has been first developed. The cascade atomizationand breakup (CAB) model has been used to predict deformation of water droplets, whereas the EulerianeLagrangian approach has been used to handle multiphase flow involving air, dust, and water. Thedeveloped methodology has been applied to simulate venturi scrubber geometry taken from the literature. Dust particle removal efficiency has been calculated for forced feed operation of venturi scrubberand found to be in good agreement with the results available in the literature. In the second part, venturiscrubber along with a tank has been modeled in CFX, and transient simulations have been performed tostudy self-priming phenomenon. Self-priming has been observed by plotting the velocity vector fields ofwater. Suction of water in the venturi scrubber occurred due to the difference between static pressure inthe venturi scrubber and the hydrostatic pressure of water inside the tank. Dust particle removal efficiencyhas been calculated for inlet air velocities of 1 m/s and 3 m/s. It has been observed that removalefficiency is higher in case of higher inlet air velocity.

Study of an improved and novel venturi scrubber configuration for removal of radioactive gases from NPP containment air during severe accident

Farooq Mujahid,Ahmed Ammar,Qureshi Kamran,Shah Ajmal,Waheed Khalid,Siddique Waseem,Irfan Naseem,Ahmad Masroor,Farooq Amjad 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.9

Owing to the rising concerns about the safety of nuclear power plants (NPP), it is essential to study the venturi scrubber in detail, which is a key component of the filtered containment venting system (FCVS). FCVS alleviates the pressurein containment byfiltering and venting out the contaminated air. Themain objective of this research was to perform a CFD investigation of different configurations of a circular, non-submerged, selfpriming venturi scrubber to estimate and improve the performance in the removal of elemental iodine from the air. For benchmarking, a mass transfer model which is based on two-film theory was selected and validated by experimental data where an alkaline solution was considered as the scrubbing solution. This mass transfer model was modified and implemented on a unique formation of two self-priming venturi scrubbers in series. Euler-Euler method was used for two-phase modeling and the realizable K ε model was used for capturing the turbulence. The obtained results showed a remarkable improvement in the removal of radioactive iodine from the air using a series combination of venturi scrubbers. The removal efficiency was improved at every single data point.