Personalization of wellness recommendations using contextual interpretation

Afzal, Muhammad,Ali, Syed Imran,Ali, Rahman,Hussain, Maqbool,Ali, Taqdir,Khan, Wajahat Ali,Amin, Muhammad Bilal,Kang, Byeong Ho,Lee, Sungyoung Elsevier 2018 expert systems with applications Vol.96 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A huge array of personalized healthcare and wellness systems are introduced into the portfolio of digital health and quantified-self movement in recent years. These systems share common capabilities including self-tracking/monitoring and self-quantifications, based on the raw sensory data. These capabilities provide solid ground for the users to be more aware of their health; however, such measures are inefficient for changing the unhealthy habits of the users. In order to induce healthy habits in the users, a system must be capable of generating context-aware personalized recommendations. The main obstacle in this regard is the contextual interpretation of recommendations based on user's current context and contextual preferences. To resolve these issues, we propose a methodology of cross-context interpretation of recommendations (CCIR) for personalized health and wellness services. The CCIR method adds additional capabilities to the traditional reasoning methods and builds advanced form of the reasoning with the incorporation of contextual factors in the process of interpretations of the recommendations. With CCIR, the self-quantification systems can be enhanced to generate personalized recommendations in addition to tracking, quantifying, and monitoring user activities. In order to validate the proposed CCIR methodology, a set of 40 contextual scenarios and corresponding recommendations are presented for the evaluation collected from 40 different end users and 10 domain experts. Using chi-square test evaluation, the results demonstrated acceptable “goodness of fit” indices for the system developed on proposed CCIR methodology with respect to the end users’ opinion. Also from the statistical observation, it is found that there exists a higher level agreement towards the system between the participants of both end users and experts.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A method for cross-context interpretations of health and wellness recommendations. </LI> <LI> A mechanism of refining generalized recommendations to personalized recommendations. </LI> <LI> The contextual interpretations are made for increasing the user acceptability of a system. </LI> </UL> </P>

Guided endodontics: a case report of maxillary lateral incisors with multiple dens invaginatus

Ali, Afzal,Arslan, Hakan The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2019 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.44 No.4

Navigation of the main root canal and dealing with a dens invaginatus (DI) is a challenging task in clinical practice. Recently, the guided endodontics technique has become an alternative method for accessing root canals, surgical cavities, and calcified root canals without causing iatrogenic damage to tissue. In this case report, the use of the guided endodontics technique for two maxillary lateral incisors with multiple DIs is described. A 16-year-old female patient was referred with the chief complaint of pain and discoloured upper front teeth. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of pulp necrosis and chronic periapical abscess associated with double DI (Oehler's type II) was established for the upper left lateral maxillary incisor (tooth #22). Root canal treatment and the sealing of double DI with mineral trioxide aggregate was planned for tooth #22. For tooth #12 (Oehler's type II), preventive sealing of the DI was planned. Minimally invasive access to the double DI and the main root canal of tooth #22, and to the DI of tooth #12, was achieved using the guided endodontics technique. This technique can be a valuable tool because it reduces chair-time and, more importantly, the risk of iatrogenic damage to the tooth structure.

Smart Extraction and Analysis System for Clinical Research

Afzal, Muhammad,Hussain, Maqbool,Khan, Wajahat Ali,Ali, Taqdir,Jamshed, Arif,Lee, Sungyoung Mary Ann Liebert 2017 TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL AND E HEALTH Vol.23 No.5

Guided endodontics: a case report of maxillary lateral incisors with multiple dens invaginatus

Afzal Ali,Hakan Arslan 대한치과보존학회 2019 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.44 No.4

Navigation of the main root canal and dealing with a dens invaginatus (DI) is a challenging task in clinical practice. Recently, the guided endodontics technique has become an alternative method for accessing root canals, surgical cavities, and calcified root canals without causing iatrogenic damage to tissue. In this case report, the use of the guided endodontics technique for two maxillary lateral incisors with multiple DIs is described. A 16-year-old female patient was referred with the chief complaint of pain and discoloured upper front teeth. Based on clinical and radiographic findings, a diagnosis of pulp necrosis and chronic periapical abscess associated with double DI (Oehler's type II) was established for the upper left lateral maxillary incisor (tooth #22). Root canal treatment and the sealing of double DI with mineral trioxide aggregate was planned for tooth #22. For tooth #12 (Oehler's type II), preventive sealing of the DI was planned. Minimally invasive access to the double DI and the main root canal of tooth #22, and to the DI of tooth #12, was achieved using the guided endodontics technique. This technique can be a valuable tool because it reduces chair-time and, more importantly, the risk of iatrogenic damage to the tooth structure.

Comprehensible knowledge model creation for cancer treatment decision making

Afzal, Muhammad,Hussain, Maqbool,Ali Khan, Wajahat,Ali, Taqdir,Lee, Sungyoung,Huh, Eui-Nam,Farooq Ahmad, Hafiz,Jamshed, Arif,Iqbal, Hassan,Irfan, Muhammad,Abbas Hydari, Manzar Elsevier 2017 Computers in biology and medicine Vol.82 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Background</I>: A wealth of clinical data exists in clinical documents in the form of electronic health records (EHRs). This data can be used for developing knowledge-based recommendation systems that can assist clinicians in clinical decision making and education. One of the big hurdles in developing such systems is the lack of automated mechanisms for knowledge acquisition to enable and educate clinicians in informed decision making. <I>Materials and Methods</I>: An automated knowledge acquisition methodology with a comprehensible knowledge model for cancer treatment (CKM-CT) is proposed. With the CKM-CT, clinical data are acquired automatically from documents. Quality of data is ensured by correcting errors and transforming various formats into a standard data format. Data preprocessing involves dimensionality reduction and missing value imputation. Predictive algorithm selection is performed on the basis of the ranking score of the weighted sum model. The knowledge builder prepares knowledge for knowledge-based services: clinical decisions and education support. <I>Results</I>: Data is acquired from 13,788 head and neck cancer (HNC) documents for 3447 patients, including 1526 patients of the oral cavity site. In the data quality task, 160 staging values are corrected. In the preprocessing task, 20 attributes and 106 records are eliminated from the dataset. The Classification and Regression Trees (CRT) algorithm is selected and provides 69.0% classification accuracy in predicting HNC treatment plans, consisting of 11 decision paths that yield 11 decision rules. <I>Conclusion</I>: Our proposed methodology, CKM-CT, is helpful to find hidden knowledge in clinical documents. In CKM-CT, the prediction models are developed to assist and educate clinicians for informed decision making. The proposed methodology is generalizable to apply to data of other domains such as breast cancer with a similar objective to assist clinicians in decision making and education.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Automated methods for data acquisition from clinical documents and preprocessing. </LI> <LI> Data quality assessment and standardization of language for improved data accuracy. </LI> <LI> Machine learning algorithm selection on the basis of weighted sum model's ranking score. </LI> <LI> The development of a decision tree-based knowledge model for treatment recommendations. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Multi-model-based interactive authoring environment for creating shareable medical knowledge

Ali, T.,Hussain, M.,Ali Khan, W.,Afzal, M.,Hussain, J.,Ali, R.,Hassan, W.,Jamshed, A.,Kang, B.H.,Lee, S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2017 Computer methods and programs in biomedicine Vol.150 No.-

Objective: Technologically integrated healthcare environments can be realized if physicians are encouraged to use smart systems for the creation and sharing of knowledge used in clinical decision support systems (CDSS). While CDSSs are heading toward smart environments, they lack support for abstraction of technology-oriented knowledge from physicians. Therefore, abstraction in the form of a user-friendly and flexible authoring environment is required in order for physicians to create shareable and interoperable knowledge for CDSS workflows. Our proposed system provides a user-friendly authoring environment to create Arden Syntax MLM (Medical Logic Module) as shareable knowledge rules for intelligent decision-making by CDSS. Methods and materials: Existing systems are not physician friendly and lack interoperability and shareability of knowledge. In this paper, we proposed Intelligent-Knowledge Authoring Tool (I-KAT), a knowledge authoring environment that overcomes the above mentioned limitations. Shareability is achieved by creating a knowledge base from MLMs using Arden Syntax. Interoperability is enhanced using standard data models and terminologies. However, creation of shareable and interoperable knowledge using Arden Syntax without abstraction increases complexity, which ultimately makes it difficult for physicians to use the authoring environment. Therefore, physician friendliness is provided by abstraction at the application layer to reduce complexity. This abstraction is regulated by mappings created between legacy system concepts, which are modeled as domain clinical model (DCM) and decision support standards such as virtual medical record (vMR) and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT). We represent these mappings with a semantic reconciliation model (SRM). Results: The objective of the study is the creation of shareable and interoperable knowledge using a user-friendly and flexible I-KAT. Therefore we evaluated our system using completeness and user satisfaction criteria, which we assessed through the system- and user-centric evaluation processes. For system-centric evaluation, we compared the implementation of clinical information modelling system requirements in our proposed system and in existing systems. The results suggested that 82.05% of the requirements were fully supported, 7.69% were partially supported, and 10.25% were not supported by our system. In the existing systems, 35.89% of requirements were fully supported, 28.20% were partially supported, and 35.89% were not supported. For user-centric evaluation, the assessment criterion was 'ease of use'. Our proposed system showed 15 times better results with respect to MLM creation time than the existing systems. Moreover, on average, the participants made only one error in MLM creation using our proposed system, but 13 errors per MLM using the existing systems. Conclusion: We provide a user-friendly authoring environment for creation of shareable and interoperable knowledge for CDSS to overcome knowledge acquisition complexity. The authoring environment uses state-of-the-art decision support-related clinical standards with increased ease of use.

임상 의사 결정에서 온라인 지식 자원의 역할

무하마드아프잘 ( Muhammad Afzal ),마크불후세인 ( Maqbool Hussain ),와자하트알리칸 ( Wajahat Ali Khan ),탁디르알 ( Taqdir Ali ),이승룡 ( Sungyoung Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2012 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.19 No.2

The need of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in healthcare setup is increasing day by day. EHR Meaningful Use advocates CDSS as an important component of EHR/EMR systems. CDSS can be ranged from a simple to a very sophisticated system. The more complex CDSS systems need more attention to develop because of many reasons including its Knowledge Base (KB) structure/maintenance/evolution, inference capabilities and usability. Above all the KB maintenance and evolution is very crucial and important from the perspective of useful decision capabilities. Also the richness of the KB is important to cover the decision gaps handling a particular situation in the course of patient care. It cannot be expected from the clinicians to remember everything in regard to patient diagnosis and treatment. Similarly, it is also crucial for clinicians to keep themselves updated with the new research in the area. That is the reason they frequently require accessing to the online knowledge resources. Literature proved that online knowledge resources are capable providing answers to questions that might not be answered rely only on clinician wisdom and experience. This paper provides the theme of meaningful utilization of online knowledge resources in the context of diagnosis and treatment process for cancer patients more specifically Head and Neck cancer.

KNOWLEDGEBUTTONS IN HEALTH SYSTEMS

무하마드아프잘 ( Muhammad Afzal ),막불후세인 ( Maqbool Hussain ),와자하트알리칸 ( Wajahat Ali Khan ),탁디르알 ( Taqdir Ali ),이승룡 ( Sungyoung Lee ),정태충 ( Tae Choong Chung ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.1

Infobutton is an important concept from long time in use and much has been done with respect to its standardization and context supplementation. The concept is to create contextual links to information resources from within the information systems usually health information systems. The need which has been realized by the authors of this paper is the augmentation of Infobuttons from the level of only information links to the level of knowledge links. The authors proposed the concept of knowledge links named as “Knowledgebuttons” which complements the concept Infobuttons. It adds further capabilities of getting knowledge to the users instead of just connectivity to information resources. The better representation of the information retrieved with Infobuttons is the first and foundation step to achieve the goal of getting knowledge. This paper discusses about the concept and applicability of Knowledgebuttons in health information systems. It is envisioned that this concept will add to the overall quality of patient care. Both physicians and patients can benefit from this technique as per their needs. Physicians can help in patient diagnosis and treatment critical decisions while patients can educate them to know more about their health conditions by studying the right knowledge at right time. Knowledgebuttons are able to create a true learning environment for the users while using health information systems.

Assessing the resistance risk to emamectin benzoate in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): selection, cross-resistance dynamics and estimates of realized heritability

Afzal Muhammad Babar Shahzad,Riaz Muhammad,Shad Sarfraz Ali,Ijaz Mamuna 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

Emamectin benzoate, a non-systemic, translaminar, and broad spectrum insecticide, is excessively used in cotton. It kills the pest by suppressing the muscle contraction. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudo coccidae) is one of the major sap sucking pests of cotton in many countries and has been shown resistance to various insecticides. In this study, we have continuously selected P. solenopsis with emamectin benzoate in the laboratory from G 3 to G 18 to determine the resistance development and resistance risk to emamectin benzoate and also to evaluate the dynamics of cross-resistance (CR) development with three other insecticides. After continuing selection of P. solenopsis for 16 generations with emamectin benzoate, the emamectin selected strain (Ema-SEL) developed a 280.15-fold resistance when tested at G 19 . Ema-SEL strain showed no CR to abamectin (0.28–1.65-fold), and profenofos (0.12–0.29-fold), but a very low to low CR to cypermethrin (6.02–11.29-fold). Abamectin was negatively cross-resistant with emamectin benzoate in Ema-SEL strain at G 13 , G 15 and G 19 while profenofos also exhibited similar results at G 13 , G 15 , G 17 and G 19 . Realized heritability (h 2 ) of resistance to emamectin benzoate was 0.24 from G 3 to G 19 . The results of projected rate of resistance development showed that if h 2 = 0.24, 0.34, and 0.44 at slope = 1.08, then 2.03, 1.43, and 1.11 generations, respectively are required for tenfold increase in LC 50 at 95 % selection intensity. Results of the present study suggested that P. solenopsis has the ability to develop resistance to emamectin benzoate but it can be managed by the alternate use of other insecticides including abamectin, profenofos and cypermethrin due to lack of/or very low to low CR with these insecticides.

Object-oriented and ontology-alignment patterns-based expressive Mediation Bridge Ontology (MBO)

Khan, Wajahat Ali,Amin, Muhammad Bilal,Khattak, Asad Masood,Hussain, Maqbool,Afzal, Muhammad,Lee, Sungyoung,Kim, Eun Soo SAGE Publications 2015 JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE Vol.41 No.3

<P>The Semantic Web is dependent on extensive knowledge management by interlinking resources on the web using matching techniques. This role is played by the progressing domain of ontology matching, by introducing ontology-matching tools. The focus of these matching tools is limited to matching techniques and automation, rather than expressive formal representation of alignments. We propose Mediation Bridge Ontology (MBO), an expressive alignment representation ontology used to store correspondences between matching ontologies matched by our ontology-matching tool, System for Parallel Heterogeneity Resolution (SPHeRe). The MBO utilizes object-oriented design patterns and the proposed ontology-alignment design patterns to provide extendibility and reusability factors to SPHeRe system. We compared our proposed system with existing systems using Coupling Factor, Number of Polymorphic methods and Rate of Change metrics to support extendibility and reusability. These factors contribute to the overall objective of interoperability for knowledge management in the Semantic Web.</P>