미토콘드리아 Cytochrome b5의 계면활성제를 사용한 분리ㆍ정제

李相稷,李상鎬,權英愛,郭天錫,呂基淑 嶺南大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

Cytochrome ?? was separated from the mitochondrion of bovine heart. The spectrum of the cytochrome was that of oxidized one and reduced one was produced on reducing it with sodium hydrosulfite. The reduced cytochrome b? showed its absorption bands of alpha, beta and gamma. A surfactant Triton X-100 facilitated the isolation of the cytochrome from the mitochodrion.

한국 에어로빅스의 대모(大母) 이영숙의 생애사 연구 - 교육적 공헌을 중심으로 -

곽애영 ( Kwak Ae-young ) 한국체육사학회 2018 체육사학회지 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 한국에어로빅스의 올바른 정착을 위해 43년 외길 인생을 개척해온 이영숙의 생애를 교육적 측면에서 심도 있게 고찰하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 결과에 따르면, 첫째, 1932년 황해도에서 태어난 이영숙이 월남이후 겪었던 파란만장한 교직생활에서 타고난 움직임의 재능과 열정의 가르침으로 일궈낸 업적들은 훗날 그녀가 미국 에어로빅스를 도입하여 한국화 된 에어로빅스 문화를 창출시키는 밑거름이 되었다. 둘째, 1975년 미국 에어로빅스를 국내로 처음 소개하고 한국형 프로그램으로의 전환을 거쳐 우리사회에 깊게 뿌리내리기까지 기울였던 이영숙의 헌신과 열정들은 사회적으로 만연했던 잘못된 관행을 바로잡고 올바른 에어로빅스 풍토가 조성되는 데 기여하였다. 셋째, 이영숙이 이룬 에어로빅스 생애의 최대 결실인 국제대학에어로빅스축제(1993)는 건전한 대학에어로빅스 문화의 정착과 우수지도자 양성 및 참신한 프로그램의 개발에 기여하였고, 더 나아가 한중일 운동문화의 교류를 통해 동북아시아의 에어로빅스 특성을 파악하는 배움의 장이 되었다는데 의미가 있다. This study aims to take a deep look at the life and educational contributions of Young Sook Lee, who carved out a single pathed life of 43 years for the proper settlement of Korean aerobics. First, The achievements made during the eventful teaching life experienced after the Vietnam War by Young Sook Lee, who was born in Hwanghae Province in 1932, with her natural talents of movement and passionate teaching, became a foundation for her to bring in American aerobics to create a Korean-style aerobics culture. Second, The devotion and passion of Young Sook Lee, which allowed American aerobics to be introduced to Korea for the first time in 1972, convert to a Korean-style program, and deeply take root in Korean society, corrected the bad practices that were socially rampant and contributed to creating a proper aerobics climate. Third, The International University Aerobics Festival, which is the greatest achievement made by Young Sook Lee in her time, contributed to the settlement of a healthy university aerobics culture along with the fostering of excellent leaders and the development of novel programs and further, it is significant because it became a learning place where the characteristics of aerobics in East Asia could be realized through exchanges made among Korean, Chinese, and Japanese workout cultures.

영유아권리에 대한 예비유아교사의 인식

이영애(Young-Ae Lee),곽정인(Jung-In Kwak) 한국콘텐츠학회 2013 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.13 No.11

본 연구는 예비유아교사들의 영유아권리의 중요성 및 권리교육에 대한 필요성의 인식을 알아보기 위한 목적으로 서울, 경기, 충청, 전라, 제주도의 3년제 전문대학 6곳의 유아교육과 1, 2, 3학년 525명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 예비유아교사들은 영유아 권리의 중요성을 비교적 높게 인식하고 있었다. 예비유아교사들은 학년이 높을수록 영유아의 권리를 더 중요하다고 인식하였다. 또한 권리관련 교과목을 수강한 예비유아교사들이 영유아권리가 더 중요하다고 인식하였다. 둘째, 예비유아교사들은 영유아의 권리교육 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있었다. 1, 2학년보다 3학년이 영유아의 권리교육이 더 필요하다고 인식하였다. 반면 권리관련 과목 수강여부에 따라서는 영유아 권리교육의 필요성에 대한 인식은 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 예비유아교사들은 영유아 권리의 중요성 보다 권리교육의 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. This research was conducted to investigate the perception of pre-service early childhood teachers regarding the importance of the rights of young children and necessity of the education of the rights. The survey covered 525 students attending six three-year-course colleges in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Chonra-do, Gyeongsang-do, and Jeju-do, Korea. They were in their freshmen, sophomore, and junior year majoring in early childhood education. Firstly, the research found that pre-service early childhood teachers awareness towards the importance children’s rights was relatively high. The higher grade they were, the better perception for the importance of the rights of young children they had. Additionally, the teachers who were registered for courses related to the rights of young children understood the importance of children’s rights especially well. Secondly, pre-service early childhood teachers highly recognized the necessity of education for the rights of young children. Compared to the freshmen and sophomores, the juniors had higher awareness levels about the necessity of early childhood education rights. On the other hand, being in a related course or not made no difference in their perception for the necessity of early childhood education rights. Lastly, pre-service childhood teachers had greater concern for the necessity of education rights rather than the importance of the rights of young children.

Preclinical pharmacokinetic characterization of 2-(4-(4-(5-(2-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxazole-4-carboxamido)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)cyclohexyl) acetic acid, a novel DGAT-1 inhibitor

Kwak, Eun-Young,Im, So Hee,Seo, Hyewon,Cho, Woon-Ki,Lee, Ye-Lim,Woo, Jaechun,Ahn, Sunjoo,Ahn, Sung-Hoon,Kwak, Hyun Jung,Ahn, Jin Hee,Bae, Myung Ae,Song, Jin Sook Informa UK Ltd. 2014 Xenobiotica Vol.44 No.5

<P>1. <?ri?>A novel diacylglyceride acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor, 2-(4-(4-(5-(2-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl) oxazole-4-carboxamido)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)cyclohexyl) acetic acid (KR-69232), was synthesized for a potential therapeutic use against several metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes, characterized by excessive triglycerides (TGs) in the blood.</P><P>2. <?ri?>The half-lives against phase I metabolism were measured as 75.3 ± 20.9 min and over 120 min in rat and human liver microsomes, respectively. In Caco-2 cell monolayers, extremely low permeability (<0.13 × 10<SUP>−6 </SUP>cm/s) was seen in the absorptive direction, predicting limited intestinal absorption of KR-69232. This compound was highly bound to rat and human plasma proteins (>99.8%).</P><P>3. <?ri?>With the intravenous administration of KR-69232 in rats (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg), non-linear kinetics were observed at the highest dose, with significantly higher systemic clearance, higher volume of distribution, and lower dose-normalized AUC. Following oral administration, it exhibited low bioavailability (<10%) and was absorbed slowly (<I>T</I><SUB>max</SUB>, 3.8-5.2 h) over the dose range. We also confirmed that considerable KR-69232 remained in the intestine at <I>T</I><SUB>max</SUB>, demonstrating its limited absorption into the systemic circulation.</P>

The Successful Hosting of the 2015 World Military Games and the meaning

( Ae Young Kwak ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: This This in-depth study has an aim to historically consider the opening of the 6th GyeongBuk MunGyeong Military World Games in South Korea, where is the one and only divided nation in the world facing a confrontational situation by military purpose between two countries. Method: The analyzing of previous researches on the same studies, materials from newspapers and reports of Ministry of National Defense and related organizations, documents about Military World Games competition support and conducting an interview with members of organizing committee and the mayor of Mungyeong city who was an executive responsible. Result: According to the result, firstly, Military World Games to begin with, was held in 1995 for the very first time and sponsored by CISM to promote fraternity among international soldiers and also to sustain world peace. Especially, World Soldier Athletic Competition has accomplished the largest scale, which led by 24 events, 117 nations, and 7,045 participants. Secondly, South Korea accomplished the highest rank ever as in ranking 4 thus; it became a preceding example of other similar international scale of competitions by having prepared less expense but high quality worth of accommodations and training center. Lastly, Military World Games which was held in one and only divided country and under a circumstance of confrontation through the medium so called sports became a festival of peace that we can all reminisce brotherhood. It has a historical signification in that despite the fact that South Korea, still a divided nation under the truce agreement has changed as a peaceful and beautiful nation by its success. Conclusion: The 2015 Gyeongbuk Mungyeong Military World Games became a festival of peace by the sports media in spite of military confrontational situations, engraved humanity and improved a friendship between soldiers of the whole world. Also it is considered as an unusual exemplary case by “low cost high efficiency" which gives a great suggestion in organizing the upcoming 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games.

한국 태권도 시범단 프로그램의 변천과 의미

곽애영 ( Ae Young Kwak ),최동성 ( Dong Sung Choe ) 한국체육사학회 2014 체육사학회지 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 한국 태권도 시범단의 활동과 시범프로그램의 내용을 규명하고 그 의미를 고찰하여 미래 태권도시범 프로그램의 방향을 제시하는 데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 결과에 따르면, 첫째, 1963년∼1970년대까지의 시범프로그램은 무도성을 강조한 위력적인 정통태권도였으며, 이러한 시범은 사람들의 이목을 끌며 태권도를 단기간에 홍보하고 저변확대를 이룰 수 있는 기틀을 마련하였다는데 의미가 있다. 둘째, 1980년대는 86아시안게임, 88서울올림픽의 성공개최의 홍보를 위해서 태권도 시범 프로그램이 다양화 되었으며, 이는 올림픽종목으로서의 태권도 홍보와 보급에 기여했다는 데 의미가 있다. 셋째, 1990년대는 정식 태권도시범단이 발족됨에 따라 시범프로그램이 전문화된 양상을 보였다. 이는 2000년대에 태권도 시범이 공연예술로서 발전할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다는 데 의미가 있다. 넷째, 2000년대는 문화체육관광부에서 태권도를 문화홍보 수단으로 지정하면서 시범 프로그램이 공연예술화 되는 경향을 보였으며 이는 태권도를 홍보하는 데 그치지 않고 더 나아가 문화외교의 첨병 역할을 담당했다는 데 의미가 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine how demonstration programs have been changed concretely from historical perspectives with the activities of Korea Taekwondo demonstration teams and suggest measures to develop Taekwondo demonstration teams further afterwards. First, in the initial period from 1963 till the 1970’s, Taekwondo demonstration programs consisted of highlight tenacity as martial arts. Second, In the 1980’s, the 86 Asian Games and 88 Seoul Olympics were decided to be held in Korea and Taekwondo demonstration programs became more diversified. Third, In the 1990’s, Taekwondo demonstration became specialized. Fourth, in the 2000’s, Taekwondo was developed as cultural product representing Korea. And the Taekwondo demonstration program was developed in the form of performances integrating diverse genres.

남북한 태권도시범 교류의 성사과정과 합동시범의 의미

곽애영(Kwak, Ae-Young) 한국사회체육학회 2020 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.80

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the achievement process and contents of North and South Korean Taekwondo demonstration exchanges and to appeal historical meanings and tasks realized through this. Method: This study used a literature review method and In-depth interview method. Results: First, the 2002 Pyeongyang·Seoul Taekwondo demonstration exchange event held based on the 6·15 North and South Joint Declaration resolved differences between North and South Korean Taekwondo and served as the first step in the search for the road for North and South harmony. Second, North and South Korean Taekwondo joint demonstrations in various international events based on the WT-ITF Nanjing Exchange and Cooperation Protocol provided bases for progress in North and South Korean relations and cooperation among international organizations in the future and they played a symbolic role that also contributes to world peace, which is an Olympic value. Third, 2019 European joint demonstrations achieved by the WT-ITF Pyeongyang Agreement internationally promoted the spirit and values of Taekwondo and they displayed a unified Taekwondo Olympic spirit of peace to the whole world. Fourth, North and South Korean joint Taekwondo demonstration exchanges achieved on international stages became mediums that promoted harmony between the two major WT-ITF organizations, the harmony of the North and South, and further, the harmony of the whole world. Conclusion: In the future, the two Koreas should draw government cooperation and continuous efforts from the two major organizations in Taekwondo based on principles adn practicality, and continue to cooperate to ensure that the two Koreas truly become one and establish Taekowndo as a representative sports event that can contribute to peace around the world.

지체부자유 자녀 어머니의 장애 적응 수준

강영애 ( Young Ae Kang ),최영종 ( Young Jong Choi ),곽승철 ( Seung Chul Kwak ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2007 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.8 No.2

이 연구는 지체부자유아의 특성(성별, 학교과정, 장애정도)과 어머니의 특성(자녀수, 학력, 연령), 소득수준, 어머니의 종교유무에 따른 장애 적응 수준을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있었다. 이를 위해 전국에 있는 지체부자유 특수학교에 재학하고 있는 지체부자유 자녀를 둔 어머니를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 회수된 323부를 분석하였다. 지체부자유 자녀 어머니의 장애 적응 수준을 알아 본 결과 자녀의 성별, 자녀의 학교과정, 자녀수, 어머니의 학력, 어머니의 연령, 소득수준에 따른 장애 적응 수준의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 자녀의 장애정도와 어머니의 종교유무에 따라서는 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 장애 적응 수준은 자녀의 장애정도가 중도인 집단과 경도인 집단간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고(p < .05), 경도인 집단과 중도인 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p < .05). 또한 어머니의 장애 적응 수준은 자녀의 장애정 도가 경도인 집단과 중등도인 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p < .05). 이 연구는 여러 가지 요인에 따른 장애 적응 수준과의 관계를 파악하여 양육자인 어머니의 심리적 적응상태에 따라 지체부자유아 어머니들이 현실에 적절하게 대처하도록 부모교육 프로그램과 효율적인 지원 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 의의가 있다. This study grasp connection with the level of maternal adjustment to the child with physical disabilities and variety main causes(gender of child, school course of child, level of disability, number of children, mother``s school career, mother``s age, monthly income, having religion of mother or not) and offer basic data to develop parents education program and efficient support program for mothers who have the child with physical disabilities to respond adequately in reality with psychological adaptation state in mother who is supporter. The result in recognizing the level of adaptation in disability to 323 of Mothers who have the child with physical disabilities, there has no margin in the level of adaptation in disability with gender of child, school course of child, number of children, mother``s school career, mother``s age and monthly income but there has significant difference with the level of disability and having religion of mother or not.

세계태권도한마당을 통해 본 종합격파기술의 전문화 과정

곽애영 ( Ae Young Kwak ),이현정 ( Hyun Jung Lee ) 한국체육사학회 2015 체육사학회지 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 전 세계 최초의 시범경연대회인 세계태권도한마당대회 종합격파기술의 전문화과정을 역사적으로 고찰함으로써 향후 발전적인 종합격파기술의 개발에 대한 방향성을 제시하는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 결과에 따르면ㅈ, 첫째, 종합격파는 태권도한마당(1992~1999)을 통해서 경기화 되어 경기규정과 전문선수를 가진 하나의 무도경기 종목으로 발전하였고, 해를 거듭할수록 다양한 기술들이 출현함에 따라 태권도 격파경기의 새로운 영역을 창조하였다. 둘째, 2000년대부터는 세계태권도한마당대회가 국제규모의 대회로 발전함에 따라 경기규정이 세부영역으로 체계화되었고, 정교하고 세분화된 격파기술들이 대거 소개 되었다. 셋째, 2010년도부터는 화려하고 역동적인 고난도 고공장애물격파와 회전격파 신기술들이 개발되고 전문여성선수가 등장하는 등 종합격파기술이 전문화되는 양상을 보였다. The purpose of this study is to prevent the direction for the future development of the all-round breaking technique by considering historical process of specialization of all-round breaking technique in the world``s first demonstration contest `World Taekwondo Hanmadang``. Frist, all-round breaking was developed as one of the game event through the Taekwondo Hanmadang contest and was appeared the new various all-round breaking techniques through which was created new field of Taekwondo breaking games. Second, World Taekwondo Hanmadang from 2000s was developed as an international contest, the rules of all-round breaking was systemized as a particular field, by athletes was introduced the exquisite and subdivided breaking techniques. Third, the all-round breaking has showed specialized aspects since 2010s after appearance the splendor and high-level dynamic techniques of all-round breaking. In particular the creative traditionality and professionalism was showed by the developing new breaking techniques of high-attitude obstacles, and such kind of hugh level techniques was not just made by male athletes but also female athletes show professionalism.

2015 세계군인체육대회의 개최성과와 의미

곽애영 ( Kwak Ae-young ) 한국체육사학회 2016 체육사학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 전 세계 유일한 분단국가인 대한민국에서 개최되었던 2015 세계군인체육대회의 개최성과와 의미를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 문헌고찰과 심층면담을 통해 도출된 연구결과에 따르면, 첫째, 2015 경북문경 세계군인체육대회는 117개국, 7,045명이 참가한 역대 최대 규모의 대회가 되었다. 둘째, 국제 규모 급 유사대회 대비 최저예산을 사용한 효율적인 대회운영방식을 보여줌으로써 추후 우리나라에서 개최될 메가스포츠 이벤트의 좋은 본보기가 되었다. 셋째, 세계 유일한 분단국가인 대한민국에서 전 세계 군인들이 스포츠를 통해 화합하는 장이 펼쳐짐으로써 우리나라의 이미지가 제고되는 계기가 마련되었다. 넷째, 우리나라는 제6회 세계군인체육대회 유치를 통해 국제종합스포츠대회 유치 그랜드슬램을 실현하였고, 역대 최고 성적인 종합 4위의 성과를 거두어 한국군의 기상과 위엄을 전 세계에 보여주었다. The study is aimed to investigate the meaning and the achievement hosting of the 2015 World Military Games in South Korea, Where is the one and only divided nation in the world. According to the result, Firstly, Military World Games to begin with, was held in 1995 for the very first time and sponsored by CISM to be accomplished the largest scale, which led by 117 nations and 7,045 participants. Secondly, It became a preceding example of other similar international scale of competitions by having prepared less expense but high quality worth of accommodations and training center. Thirdly, Military World Games which was held in one and only divided country became a festival of peace that we can all reminisce brotherhood. It has changed as a peaceful and beautiful nation by its success. By attracting 6th Military World Games, Korea won the grand slam in hosting international multi-sport event. Also, as the country finished fourth, which was its best result ever, it raised ROK army`s position and improved the national brand power.