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( Nathaniel Aden ) 한국국방연구원 2011 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.23 No.2
China is North Korea`s largest international trading partner. Since 2000, fuels and minerals have become a larger portion of North Korean exports and a smaller portion of imports. North Korea remains a net importer of Chinese crude oil and oil products; however, it became a net exporter of electricity and coal to China in 2003. Aside from coal, imports and exports of metallic minerals and mining equipment are growing segments of China-North Korea trade. Whereas North Korean electricity and iron ore exports are sold at sub-market "friendship prices" Chinese coal and oil products have been sold to North Korea at premium prices. Chinese Customs data suggest that Beijing is taking a pragmatic, market-oriented approach to trade with its reclusive neighbor, while the increasingly asymmetrical energy embodiment of bilateral trade may reflect deterioration of North Korea`s non-military industries.
Utegenova Anar,Yermoldina Gulnaz,Suimenbayeva Zhanna,Aden Alisher,Naumenko Vitaliy,Kang Jeong Won 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.1
In modern conditions of standardization, new tasks arise, which involve the transition of international and regional standards to the digital format of "smart" standards that can be used as full-fedged guidelines for industrial facilities. The introduction of artifcial intelligence and machine learning in the standardization process will increase the level of automation and allow analyzing data presented in the form of a database, which contributes to better compatibility between systems and equipment of diferent manufacturers. This article presents a method of ontological design, which automates partial methodological examination of documents in accordance with the National Standardization Plan. As part of the experiment, an independent tool was developed from the existing repositories of regulatory documents. This approach is based on the extraction of qualitative data from textual information using an unsupervised automatic keyword extraction algorithm. The algorithm is based on statistical characteristics of local text extracted from individual documents. The advantage of the algorithm is that it does not require the creation of a learning corpus and can be applied to any text, and also has no limitations on the volume of processed data. The following components are presented in the article: model classifcation standards, entity extraction module, categorization module, thesaurus generation module and monitoring and analysis module. The calculation was carried out using formalization, defnition of the target function, establishment of the similarity measure, as well as description of the features of the document. The obtained results were tested, based on standards and rules in the feld of the aerospace industry.
Early Cardiac Dysfunction in Biopsy-proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
( Peter C. Johnson ),( Anthony A. Cochet ),( Rosco S. Gore ),( Stephen A. Harrison ),( John P. Magulick ),( James K. Aden ),( Angelo H. Paredes ) 대한소화기학회 2021 대한소화기학회지 Vol.78 No.3
Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of diseases from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and has been linked to cardiovascular disease and sub-clinical cardiac remodeling. This paper presents a retrospective study of biopsy-proven NAFL and NASH to examine the differences in subclinical cardiac remodeling. Methods: Patients were recruited from an institutional repository of patients with liver-biopsy-confirmed NAFLD. Patients with a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) within 12 months of the liver biopsy were included. The parameters of the diastolic dysfunction were reviewed for the differences between NAFL and NASH as well as between the stages and grades of NASH. Results: Thirty-three patients were included in the study, 17 with NAFL and 16 with NASH. The NASH patients were more likely to have lower platelets, higher AST, higher ALT, and higher rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and hypertension than the NAFL patients. The E/e’ ratio on transthoracic echocardiogram was significantly higher in NASH compared to NAFL, advanced-stage NASH compared to early stage, and high-grade NASH compared to low-grade. The E/e’ ratio was also significantly higher in NASH than NAFL in patients without diabetes mellitus. The presence of diastolic dysfunction trended toward significance. The other markers of diastolic dysfunction were similar. Logistic regression revealed a statistical association with E/e' and NASH. Conclusions: NASH patients had evidence of a higher E/e’ ratio than NAFL, and there was a trend towards a significant diastolic dysfunction. Patients with NASH compared to NAFL should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2021;78:161-167)