Spatial Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Cases in Kuala Lumpur

Shah, Shamsul Azhar,Neoh, Hui-Min,Syed Abdul Rahim, Syed Sharizman,Azhar, Zahir Izuan,Hassan, Mohd Rohaizat,Safian, Nazarudin,Jamal, Rahman Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Background: In Malaysia, data from the Malaysian Health Ministry showed colorectal cancer (CRC) to be the second most common type of cancer in 2007-2009, after breast cancer. The same was apparent after looking at males and females cases separately. In the present study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to describe the distribution of CRC cases in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, according to socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity and district). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review concerned data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the years 1995 to 2011 collected from the Wilayah Persekutuan Health Office, taken from the cancer notification form (NCR-2), and patient medical records from the Surgical Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A total of 146 cases were analyzed. All the data collected were analysed using ArcGIS version 10.0 and SPSS version 19.0. Results: Patients aged 60 to 69 years accounted for the highest proportion of cases (34.2%) and males slightly predominated 76 (52.1%), Chinese had the highest number of registered cases at 108 (74.0%) and staging revealed most cases in the 3rd and 4th stages. Kernel density analysis showed more cases are concentrated up in the northern area of Petaling and Kuala Lumpur subdistricts. Spatial global pattern analysis by average nearest neighbour resulted in nearest neighbour ratio of 0.75, with Z-score of -5.59, p value of <0.01 and the z-score of -5.59. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) showed clustering significant with p<0.01, Z score 3.14 and Moran's Index of 0.007. When mapping clusters with hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi), hot and cold spots were identified. Hot spot areas fell on the northeast side of KL. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant spatial patterns of cancer incidence in KL. Knowledge about these spatial patterns can provide useful information to policymakers in the planning of screening of CRC in the targeted population and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CRC patients.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a case of situs inversus totalis

Azhar Alam,Abhijit Santra 한국간담췌외과학회 2017 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.21 No.2

Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital condition, characterized by the transposition of the thoracic and abdominal viscera, resulting in a mirror image of normal anatomy. Even though situs inversus does not predispose to gall stones, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a case of situs inversus, can prove to be a technically challenging procedure, especially for the right-handed surgeon. In this case report, we present an unusual case of cholelithiasis in a patient with situs inversus totalis. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is considered the gold standard procedure for symptomatic gallstones, was performed. The technical challenges that were anticipated due to anatomical anomalies were managed by various preoperative and intraoperative modifications. Through this present case report, we concluded that a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe procedure in patients with situs inversus totalis and can be precisely performed by a right-handed surgeon, with necessary adaptations.

Prevalence of Smoking among Female Medical Students in Saudai Arabia

Azhar, Ahmad,Alsayed, Nouf Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Background: Women make up half of the world's population, and comprise 20% of the world's one billion smokers. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of smoking among female medical students in comparison to female non-medical students, and to assess the importance of medical education and knowledge in decreasing the prevalence of smoking among female university students in Saudi Arabia. Method: We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data from a randomly selected sample of 320 female students attending King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah. Medical students comprised 50% of the sample. Results: A total of 310 students (96.9%) completed and returned the questionnaire. The prevalence of smoking was higher in non-medical female students (4.2%) compared to medical female students (0.32%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking is low among female medical students compared to female non-medical students, presumably because of their awareness, level of education, and knowledge of the risks to health associated with smoking. Our study highlights the need for increased knowledge, health education, and awareness of the risks of smoking to reduce smoking among female university students.

The Development of Islam in Indonesia

Azhar Arsyad 한국이슬람학회 1994 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.4 No.1

TOWARD RESILIENCE: A GUIDE TO DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

AZHAR MANZOOR 한국행정학회 2013 International Review of Public Administration Vol.18 No.3

Analytical Modelling of Temperature in Cylindrical Grinding to Predict Grinding Burns

Azhar Thanedar,Ganesh G. Dongre,Suhas S. Joshi 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.1

The direct measurement of grinding temperature is always difficult due to coolant cover and very size of work and wheel interaction zone. At the same time, high heat generation in grinding often leads to grinding burns thereby affecting surface integrity; in this context, theoretical evaluation of temperature could facilitate early detection of the grinding burns. This paper therefore presents an analytical model to evaluate grinding temperature and correlates it with the occurrence of grinding burns in terms of BNA. In general, the analytical approach involves evaluating real contact length, grinding forces and finally grinding zone temperature for the plunge cylindrical grinding. The maximum rise in grinding temperature at the surface was calculated, for the wet grinding process by considering the total heat flux entering into the grinding system. Model validation experiments have been performed to measure BNA and identify parametric conditions that produce grinding burns. The model estimate of grinding zone temperature of 631 °C is in good agreement (92%) with other research works. Further, when the calculated grinding temperature reaches beyond 631 °C, the grinding burns are observed on the work surface with a BNA value of the order of 100 mp for the micro alloyed steel. The minimum thermal damage in terms of BNA is observed at higher levels of wheel speed and spark-out time and lower levels of depth of cut.

(Book Review) THE HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY SETTINGS PERCEIVED NEEDS SCALE (HESPER)

AZHAR MANZOOR 한국행정학회 2012 International Review of Public Administration Vol.17 No.2

Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, induces apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells via mitochondrial and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways

Azhar Rasul,Muhammad Khan,Bo Yu,Muhammad Ali,Yang Jing Bo,Hong Yang,Tonghui Ma 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.10

Isoalantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone, possessesanti-fungal as well as cytotoxic properties. In thisstudy, the effects of Isoalantolactone on cell viability, cellcycle, and apoptosis were investigated in human gastricadenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells. The results demonstratedthat Isoalantolactone induced morphological changes anddecreased cell viability. Subsequently, we found that Isoalantolactoneinduced G2/M and S phase arrest, which wasassociated with a decrease in the expression level of cyclinB1. Apoptosis triggered by Isoalantolactone was visualizedusing propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V-FITC/PIstaining. Isoalantolactone-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901cells was associated with the dissipation of mitochondrialmembrane potential (DWm) that was due to the down-regulationof Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax that led to thecleavage of caspase-3. Additionally, it was found thatIsoalantolactone was involved in the inhibition of phosphorylationof PI3K/Akt. Isoalantolactone-induced cytotoxicityand apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells involvemitochondria-caspase and PI3K/Akt dependent pathways,which gives the rationale for in vivo studies on the utilizationof Isoalantolactone as a potential cancer therapeuticcompound.

The Determinant of Shariah Financing in the Agricultural Sector: Evidence from Indonesia

Azhar ALAM,Sulistya RUSGIANTO,Maulidyah Indira HASMARINI,Alifian Muhammad FARHAN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.4

Indonesia is an agrarian country with the significant development of Shariah banking. This study aimed to estimate the effect of Third Party Funds (TPF), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Exchange Rates (ER), and Bank Indonesia Shariah Certificates (SBIS) on the Sharia Agriculture Sector Financing in Indonesia during 2014-2020. This study used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique to analyze the data. The coefficient of determination test showed that 99.19% of Sharia financing in the agricultural sector was influenced by TPF, NPF, Exchange Rate, and SBIS variables. The estimation results showed that the variables of TPF and ER significantly affected Sharia Financing for Agricultural Sector (PP). Meanwhile, the NPF and SBIS variables had no significant effect on PP. This research showed the resilience and accuracy of Islamic banking in selecting financing and can support the development of other Islamic financial instruments such as SBIS. Simultaneous test results demonstrated the existence of the estimating model. Because of the character of the Indonesian nation as an agricultural country, this study advised Sharia banking to prioritize the usage of third-party funds from the public for the agricultural industry. Sharia banking also needed to produce Islamic finance products that fit the agriculture business sector’s needs.

Correlation of Resistive Index Values Using Spectral Doppler Ultrasound with Histopathological Results in Breast Tumors

Azhar Yohana,Candrawinata Valeska Siulinda 대한외과초음파학회 2023 대한외과초음파학회지 Vol.10 No.2

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of the resistive index (RI) in Spectral Doppler ultrasound for determining breast malignancy, as there is currently no optimal cut-off point for the determination of breast malignancy. The B-mode and Doppler (including Color and Spectral) breast ultrasound examinations of 62 subjects were gathered. These included histopathological results of 31 cases with malignant tumors and 31 cases of benign tumors which served as controls. All examinations and measurements just before the core-needle biopsy of the mass were validated by expert radiologists. All patients were examined using a 7 to 15 MHz GE Logiq linear array transducer. Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler were set on PRF 700-1,000 Hz, maximal gain 85-90%, and wall filler 50-100 Hz. Histopathological results were used as the gold standard. The study's average RI value in benign breast tumors was 0.55 ± 0.16, and the average RI value in malignant breast tumors was 0.97 ± 0.10. According to the Spearman correlation test, the relationship coefficient R is 0.887 (P-value<0.0001), showing a strong and statistically significant relationship with a positive correlation direction between the increasing RI value on a Spectral Doppler ultrasound examination and the increasing possibility of malignancy in breast tumors. An increase in the value of the RI indicates an increase in the risk of malignancy. Studies relating to this correlation might benefit from future prospective research with a longer follow-up on patients with Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lesion Category 3.