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Muhammad Rizwan Maqsood,Muhammad Hanif,Muhammad Rafiq,Muhammad Saleem,Sumera Zaib,Aftab Ahmed Khan,Mazhar Iqbal,Jamshed Iqbal,Nasim Hasan Rama,서승염,Ki-Hwan Lee 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.12
The target compounds 6-11a-e were synthesized by condensing 4-amino-5-aryl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones 5a-f with various aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectrometric studies. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. Almost all the tested compounds were potent against four different strains of bacteria when compared with that of reference drug ciprofloxacin. Compounds 6c, 6e, 8d, 9b, 9e, 11a and 11b showed nearly equal or lower MIC values than standard drug, against all four tested bacterial strains but rest of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activities.
Enhancing Software Reusability through Value Based Software Repository
Muhammad Zahid Khan,M. N. A. Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.8 No.11
Profitability is prime goal of every software organization. In the recent years, software development paradigm has vastly changed due to rapidly changing business requirements. Now customers demand for their desired products to be delivered in a minimal timeframe. To cater for these demands, different rapid development techniques termed as agile development and reusability phenomena are introduced in the software industry. With the help of reusable components, developing and deploying software products can be much easier and economical. Such approaches can help save cost and working hours so that the developing company can utilize its scare resources on other projects. But achieving accurate and precise reusability is not a piece of cake because along with economical and time saving benefits it comes with some shortcomings, such as it can increase the system complexity, can harm the architecture, degrade quality of the system etc. A proper storage facility of reusable components is required where an organization can save its important data and retrieve it when required. A wide range of standard repositories are used in various organizations for this purpose where important data is stored and retrieved. But in reality, every repository contains huge volumes of data and mostly no proper business standards of storing mechanism are applied. Though there are some repository maintaining software available in the market, but they only provide mechanism for storing artifacts. Maintaining the huge data volumes necessitates providing ample search assistance and putting in place precise reusable components suggestion procedure; therefore, researchers have to sift through loads of volumes of data within the repository for locating the intended component. In this paper, we discuss a novel concept of Central Value Based Software Repository (CBVSR). The proposed approach can assist users in finding the more appropriate artifact as it provides the best possible match against the user query. Proper standards have been followed in storing, deleting, amending and discarding data from the CBVSR. Data quality, security and integrity have been taken care of and indexing, tagging and classification are performed to provide technical assistance to developers.
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan,Abid Aslam Maan,Rana Muhammad Aadil,Akmal Nazir,Masood Sadiq Butt,Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid,Muhammad Inam Afzal 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4
Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel Microwave Assisted Drying and Extraction technique (MADE) for simultaneous drying and extraction/recovery of bioactive compounds from model food products. The time required for drying of samples was 11 (onion) and 16 (ginger) minutes with recovery yield of 87% (onion) and 85% (ginger). The drying time was reduced to 100 times compared to hot air drying and moisture ratio of dried samples was best described by Midilli model. The diffusivities of onion and ginger slices were 1.27 e-11 and 1.43 e-11 m2/s, respectively. Moreover, microwave-based extraction was compared with conventional one. The results of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of condensates obtained through MADE were higher compared to conventional method. In short, MADE exhibited better yield of extraction and drying properties compared to conventional methods.
Khan, Muhammad Aaqil,Hamayun, Muhammad,Iqbal, Amjad,Khan, Sumera Afzal,Hussain, Anwar,Asaf, Sajjad,Khan, Abdul Latif,Yun, Byung-Wook,Lee, In-Jung Portland Press Ltd. 2018 Biochemical journal Vol.475 No.18
<P>Flooding is an abiotic stress that creates hypoxic conditions triggered by redox potential leading to restricted growth and grain yield in plants. In the current study, we have investigated the effect of exogenous gibberellins (GA(4+7)) on soybean under flooding stress. A regulatory role of GAs on biochemical changes in soybean plants [including chlorophyll contents, endogenous bioactive GA(1) and GA(4), endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA)] has been elucidated after 3 and 6 h of flooding stress. The modulation of stress-related bio-chemicals and their genetic determinants [for instance, ABA (Timing of CAB expression1-TOC1, ABA-receptor-ABAR) and NO (S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-GSNOR1, NO overproducer1-NOX, and nitrite reductase-NR)] in response to short-term flooding stress were also explored. The current study showed that exogenous GAs rescued chlorophyll contents, enhanced endogenous bioactive GA(1) and GA(4) levels, endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and checked the rate of ABA biosynthesis under short-term flooding. The exo-GAs induced the glutathione activity and reduced the resulting superoxide anion contents during short-term flooding in Pungsannamul soybean. Exo-GAs also triggered the endogenous S-nitrosothiols (precursor for increased NO production) that have been decreased over the time. Moreover, the exo-GAs could impinge a variety of biochemical and transcriptional programs that are ameliorative to plant growth during short-term flooding stress. The presence of GA(1) and GA(4) also confirms the presence of both C13-hydroxylation pathway and non-C13-hydroxylation pathway in soybean, respectively.</P>
Muhammad A. KHAN,Waseem AKRAM,Muhammad ASHFAQ,Hafiz A. A. KHAN,이종진,김연국 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.6
Silkworm rearing has been an income source for small-holding farmers in Pakistan. Over the years efforts have been made to improve silkworm quality and quantity and thus develop better prospects for increasing yield and income. Mulberry leaves Morus alba L. in a series of experiments have been supplemented with various nutrients in different doses and combinations. Relative success has been achieved in this context. In our present experiments on silkworm Bombyx mori L., we fed the larvae on mulberry leaves supplemented with different doses of N (0.2%), P (0.1%), K (0.3%) and Ca (0.1%) at 26 ± 3°C with 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The results showed better outputs in terms of food consumption (72.55 g/10 larvae), coefficient of utilization (76.45%), body weight (70.07 g/10 larvae) and body length (8.56 cm/larvae) than where simple mulberry leaves were offered. Our net gains with these production parameters have been in terms of heavier cocoons with and without pupa (2.25 and 0.69 g/cocoon), respectively.