STUDY OF ROTATIONAL BAND STRUCTURE OF EVEN-EVEN 132;134SM NUCLEI

ARUN GUPTA,SURBHI GUPTA,SIMI GUPTA,SURAM SINGH,ARUN BHARTI 장전수학회 2021 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.24 No.4

The study of neutron-decient nuclei in the A130 mass region has been an interesting subject in nuclear structure physics as this region is considered to be transitional region. In the present work, the positive parity rotational band structure of even-even 132,134Sm up to the high spin states has been studied in a microscopic frame work of calculations known as Projected Shell Model (PSM). Yrast spectra for 132,134Sm have been obtained from the PSM calculations and has been found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data. Besides this, the present calculations have also reported the occurrence of back bending at the same spins at which experimental data shows in both the nuclei.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Disease and Cancer: A Review

Gupta, Rakesh Kumar,Patel, Amit Kumar,Shah, Niranjan,Choudhary, Arun Kumar,Jha, Uday Kant,Yadav, Uday Chandra,Gupta, Pavan Kumar,Pakuwal, Uttam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules, are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, and can damage nucleic acids and proteins, thereby altering their functions. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants. A shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed as "oxidative stress". Paradoxically, there is a large body of research demonstrating the general effect of oxidative stress on signaling pathways, less is known about the initial and direct regulation of signaling molecules by ROS, or what we term the "oxidative interface." This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROS directly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and survival (MAP kinases and PI3 kinase), ROS homeostasis, and antioxidant gene regulation (Ref-1 and Nrf-2). This review also deals with classification as well as mechanisms of formation of free radicals, examining their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities and focusing on the potential role of antioxidants in preventing and repairing damage caused by oxidative stress. A discussion of the role of phytochemical antioxidants in oxidative stress, disease and the epigenome is included.

Preclinical voxel-based dosimetry through GATE Monte Carlo simulation using PET/CT imaging of mice

Gupta, Arun,Lee, Min Sun,Kim, Joong Hyun,Park, Sohyeon,Park, Hyun Soo,Kim, Sang Eun,Lee, Dong Soo,Lee, Jae Sung Institute of Physics in association with the Ameri 2019 Physics in medicine & biology Vol.64 No.9

<P>Internal dosimetry is of critical importance to obtain an accurate absorbed dose-response relationship during preclinical molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Conventionally, absorbed dose calculations have been performed using organ-level dosimetry based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema. However, recent research has focused on developing more accurate voxel-level calculation methods. Geant4 application for emission tomography (GATE) Monte Carlo (MC) is a simulation toolkit gaining attention in voxel-based dosimetry. In this study, we used PET/CT images of real mice to estimate the absorbed doses in sensitive organs at voxel-level to evaluate the suitability of GATE MC simulation for preclinical dosimetry. Thirteen normal C57BL/6 mice (male, body weight: 27.71  ±  4.25 g) were used to acquire dynamic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images after IV injection of <SUP>18</SUP>F-FDG. GATE MC toolkit was applied to estimate the absorbed doses in various organs of mice at voxel-level using CT and PET images as voxelized phantom and voxelized source, respectively. In addition, mean absorbed dose at organ-level was calculated using MIRD schema for comparison purposes. The differences in the respective absorbed doses (mGy MBq<SUP>−1</SUP>) between GATE MC and MIRD schema for brain, heart wall, liver, lungs, stomach wall, spleen, kidneys, and bladder wall were 1.36, 12.3, −22.4, −11.2, −16.9, −2.87, −4.29, and 3.71%, respectively. Considering that the PET/CT data of real mice were used for GATE simulation, the absorbed doses estimated in this study are mouse-specific. Therefore, the GATE-based Monte Carlo is likely to allow for more accurate internal dosimetry calculations. This method can be used in TRT for personalized dosimetry because it considers patient-specific heterogeneous tissue compositions and activity distributions.</P>

Voxel-Based Dosimetry of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Conjugated ¹⁷⁷Lu-Labeled Folic Acid Using SPECT/CT Imaging of Mice

Gupta, Arun,Shin, Jae H.,Lee, Min S.,Park, Ji Y.,Kim, Kyuwan,Kim, Joong H.,Suh, Minseok,Park, Cho R.,Kim, Young J.,Song, Myung G.,Jeong, Jae M.,Lee, Dong S.,Lee, Yun-Sang,Lee, Jae S. American Chemical Society 2019 Molecular pharmaceutics Vol.16 No.4

<P>Several radiolabeled folic acid conjugates have been developed for targeted imaging and therapy. However, the therapeutic concept with radiolabeled folate conjugates has not yet been applied to clinical applications owing to the high renal absorbed dose. The effectiveness of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) depends primarily on the absorbed dose rate and on the total absorbed dose delivered to the tumor and to normal tissue. Owing to various limitations associated with organ level dosimetry, voxel-based dosimetry has become essential for the assessment of a more accurate absorbed dose during TRT. In this study, we synthesized iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-conjugated radiolabeled folate (<SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate) and performed voxel-based dosimetry using SPECT/CT images of normal mice through direct Geant4 application for emission tomography (GATE) Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We also prepared <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate and <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONPs for the comparison of absorbed doses with that of <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate. In addition, we calculated the mean absorbed dose at the organ-level using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) schema. The radioactivities of all three radiotracers were mainly accumulated in the liver and kidneys immediately after injection. For the kidneys, the voxel-based absorbed doses obtained with <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate, <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate, and <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONPs were 1.01 ± 0.17, 2.46 ± 0.50, and 0.52 ± 0.08 Gy/MBq, respectively. The renal absorbed dose decreased significantly (∼half) when <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate was used compared with when the <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate only was used. The mean absorbed dose values obtained at organ-level using the MIRD schema were comparable to voxel-based absorbed doses estimated with GATE MC. The voxel-based absorbed dose values obtained in this study of individualized activity show that the renal absorbed dose could be reduced to almost half with <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate. Therefore, <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate could be clinically applicable in the TRT of folate receptor-positive cancers in a personalized manner when using the voxel-based dosimetry method.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Performance Evaluation and Quantitative Accuracy of Multipinhole NanoSPECT/CT Scanner for Theranostic Lu-177 Imaging

Arun Gupta,김경윤,황동휘,이민선,이동수,이재성 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.72 No.11

SPECT plays important role in peptide receptor targeted radionuclide therapy using theranostic radionuclides such as Lu-177 for the treatment of various cancers. However, SPECT studies must be quantitatively accurate because the reliable assessment of tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal tissue ratios can only be performed using quantitatively accurate images. Hence, it is important to evaluate performance parameters and quantitative accuracy of preclinical SPECT systems for therapeutic radioisotopes before conducting pre- and post-therapy SPECT imaging or dosimetry studies. In this study, we evaluated system performance and quantitative accuracy of NanoSPECT/CT scanner for Lu-177 imaging using point source and uniform phantom studies. We measured recovery coefficient, uniformity, spatial resolution, system sensitivity and calibration factor for mouse whole body standard aperture. We also performed the experiments using Tc-99m to compare the results with that of Lu-177. We found that the recovery coefficient of more than 70% for Lu-177 at the optimum noise level when nine iterations were used. The spatial resolutions of Lu-177 with and without adding uniform background was comparable to that of Tc-99m in axial, radial and tangential directions. System sensitivity measured for Lu-177 was almost three times less than that of Tc-99m.

Preclinical Voxel-Based Dosimetry in Theranostics: a Review

Arun Gupta,이민선,김중현,이동수,이재성 대한핵의학회 2020 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.54 No.2

Due to the increasing use of preclinical targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) studies for the development of novel theranostic agents, several studies have been performed to accurately estimate absorbed doses to mice at the voxel level using reference mouse phantoms and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Accurate dosimetry is important in preclinical theranostics to interpret radiobiological dose-response relationships and to translate results for clinical use. Direct MC (DMC) simulation is believed to produce more realistic voxel-level dose distribution with high precision because tissue heterogeneities and nonuniform source distributions in patients or animals are considered. Although MC simulation is considered to be an accurate method for voxelbased absorbed dose calculations, it is time-consuming, computationally demanding, and often impractical in daily practice. In this review, we focus on the current status of voxel-based dosimetry methods applied in preclinical theranostics and discuss the need for accurate and fast voxel-based dosimetry methods for pretherapy absorbed dose calculations to optimize the dose computation time in preclinical TRT.

Weekly cisplatin or gemcitabine concomitant with radiation in the management of locally advanced carcinoma cervix: results from an observational study

Arun K Verma,Ashok Kumar Arya,Milind Kumar,Anuj Kumar,Sweety Gupta,DN Sharma,GK Rath 대한부인종양학회 2009 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.20 No.4

Objective: The use of non-platinum drugs in concurrent chemoradiation in carcinoma cervix has not been well explored and hence a two arm study was planned to compare the outcome of concomitant cisplatin or gemcitabine in locally advanced carcinoma cervix. Methods: Thirty six patients were evaluated in this study for response rates and complications. These patients were divided into two arms, sixteen patients in the cisplatin arm and twenty patients in the gemcitabine arm. Cisplatin and gemcitabine were given as i.v. infusion at doses of 40 mg/㎡ and 150 mg/㎡ respectively for five weeks concomitant with radiotherapy. All patients had received pelvic radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gy/25 fraction/5 weeks by four field box technique followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy (3 sessions, each of 7.5 Gy to point A). Results: Median follow up was of 10.4 months (range, 3 to 36 months) and 10.9 months (range, 2 to 49 months) in the cisplatin and gemcitabine arms, respectively. At first follow up, 68.8% in the cisplatin arm and 70% in the gemcitabine arm had achieved complete response (p=0.93). Similar response rates were noted in different stages in both arms. None of the patients except one developed grade 4 toxicity. Similar toxicity profiles were observed in both arms. Local disease control, distant disease free survival and overall survival was 68.8% vs. 70%, 93.8% vs. 85%, 68.8% vs. 60% in the cisplatin and gemcitabine arms, respectively. Conclusion: Weekly gemcitabine had similar disease control and tolerable toxicity profile with cisplatin. Gemcitabine may be used as an alternative to cisplatin in patients with compromised renal function. Objective: The use of non-platinum drugs in concurrent chemoradiation in carcinoma cervix has not been well explored and hence a two arm study was planned to compare the outcome of concomitant cisplatin or gemcitabine in locally advanced carcinoma cervix. Methods: Thirty six patients were evaluated in this study for response rates and complications. These patients were divided into two arms, sixteen patients in the cisplatin arm and twenty patients in the gemcitabine arm. Cisplatin and gemcitabine were given as i.v. infusion at doses of 40 mg/㎡ and 150 mg/㎡ respectively for five weeks concomitant with radiotherapy. All patients had received pelvic radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gy/25 fraction/5 weeks by four field box technique followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy (3 sessions, each of 7.5 Gy to point A). Results: Median follow up was of 10.4 months (range, 3 to 36 months) and 10.9 months (range, 2 to 49 months) in the cisplatin and gemcitabine arms, respectively. At first follow up, 68.8% in the cisplatin arm and 70% in the gemcitabine arm had achieved complete response (p=0.93). Similar response rates were noted in different stages in both arms. None of the patients except one developed grade 4 toxicity. Similar toxicity profiles were observed in both arms. Local disease control, distant disease free survival and overall survival was 68.8% vs. 70%, 93.8% vs. 85%, 68.8% vs. 60% in the cisplatin and gemcitabine arms, respectively. Conclusion: Weekly gemcitabine had similar disease control and tolerable toxicity profile with cisplatin. Gemcitabine may be used as an alternative to cisplatin in patients with compromised renal function.

종류가 다른 무생물적 요인이 진균류에 미치는 세균의 주화성

이민웅,Gupta, Sushma,Arora, Dilip K.,Pandey, Arun K. 한국균학회 1992 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Chemotactic responses of five motile saprophytic and one phytopathogenic bacteria e.g. Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus subtilis, B. potymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and Xanthomonas malvacearum towards exudate of Cochliobolus sativus conidia, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri chlamydospores, Macrophomina phaseolina sclerotia and Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani oospores were determined in vitro at different abiotic conditions. In general, a positive correlation (r=0.76 to 0.89; P=0.05) was observed between concentration of fungal exudates and attraction of bacterial cells. Similarly, a significant (P=0.05; r=+0.82 to 0.95) positive correlation was noticed between chemotactic response and incubation period. The chemotactic response of bacteria was greatly influenced by temperature and pH of the test fungal exudate. The optimum temperature for maximum chemotaxis was 25℃ for A. radiobacter, 30℃ for B. polymyxa, P. aerugionosa, P. fluorescens and X. malvacearum and 35℃ for B. subtilis. Fungal exudates maintained at pH 7 attracted maximum number of bacteria. The response of bacterial cells to exudates at pH 3 and 11 was not significantly (P=0.05) different than that to the buffer (control). Chemotaxis of bacteria was observed towards attractants (fungal propagates and their exudates) when they were kept apart and bridged with the capillaries filled with non-attractant (buffer) or attractant (exudate).

Study of tumor transglutaminase 2 expression in gallbladder cancer – Is it a novel predictor of survival?

Sameer Gupta,Sudeep Garg,Vijay Kumar,Arun Chaturvedi,Sanjeev Misra,Naseem Akhtar,Shiv Rajan,Jatinder Kaur,Manikandan Lakshmanan,Kavitha Jain 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.4

Backgrounds/Aims: Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is known to be an important mediator of inflammation induced carcinogenesis pathway. Chronic inflammation is the most important causative factor in Gallbladder cancer (GBC) carcinogenesis. We analyzed the expression of TG2 in GBC and its role as potential prognostic marker, first of its kind study. Methods: We analyzed TG2 expression in 100 cases of GBC and 28 cases of non-cancer gallbladder specimen (calculus cholecystitis). We studied TG2 expression in GBC in comparison to control group and evaluated its role as a potential prognostic marker. Results: TG2 score (1-9) was calculated by multiplying percentage cytoplasmic expression (P) with intensity of expression (I) in tumor cells. Positive TG-2 expression was observed in 62% of GBC patients compared to only 21% (n=6) in control group (p=0.001). In curative resection subgroup (n=54), TG2 positive patients showed shorter disease free survival rate (p=0.04) and higher rate of recurrence (p=0.03) compared to TG2 negative patients. TG2 positive expression was observed in 15/16 of patients with recurrent disease. In palliative treatment subgroup, patients with strong TG2 positive expression had poorer disease specific survival (p=0.01) as compared to weakly positive group. On multivariate analysis, lymph node status (p=0.03) and TG2 expression (p=0.037), were found to be significant predictor of recurrence and eventual survival. Conclusions: Positive TG2 expression was related to higher recurrence rates post curative surgery, shorter disease free and overall survival and ultimately portended poor prognosis. It may be helpful in better prognostication and tailoring therapeutic approach for better management of GBC.

INTRINSIC STRUCTURE AND HIGH SPIN POSITIVE PARITY STATES IN DOUBLY EVEN SE ISOTOPES

RAJAT GUPTA,RIDHAM BAKSHI,Suram Singh,ARUN BHARTI 장전수학회 2021 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.24 No.4

A systematic study of nuclear structure properties of proton rich even-even positive parity 80,82,84Se isotopes have been studied within twobody self-consistent quantum mechanical framework known as Projected Shell Model (PSM)which incorporates quadrupole-quadrupole, monopole and quadrupole pairing interactions. The description of band structures of even-even 80,82,84Se nuclei based on the band diagrams indicates the presence of multiquasi-particle structure which provides us a unified understanding of ever accumulating high spin structure of these nuclei. The back-bending in moment of inertia, yrast spectra and g-factor have also been obtained and are also compared with the available experimental data.