A Protective Mechanism in Lungs of Rats Experimentally Infected with Aspergillus fumigatus

Yehia A G. Mahmoud,Abdulaziz Yahya Al Ghamdi,Eman H. F. Abd El Zaher The Korean Society of Mycology 2011 Mycobiology Vol.39 No.1

Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with invasive disease aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. The major aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical and immunological responses of male Wistar rats against A. fumigatus experimentally-induced pulmonary fungal infection. Nostril experimental exposure of male Wistar rats to a high dose of A. fumigatus freeze-dried preparation for only 24 hr resulted in a significant increase in levels of catalase, nitric oxide and lipid peroxide in lung homogenates, compared to those of the control animals. However, the oxidative status of the lungs of rats challenged with killed fungus did not change significantly, except for the stimulation in the level of lipid peroxide. IgG level was significantly elevated only in rats that received two low doses of fungus, compared to unexposed animals (p < 0.005). Examining the lung of rats exposed to A. fumigatus revealed no abnormal changes, except for pus in bronchial lumen spaces and per bronchial inflammation. Histologically, large numbers of granuloma cells were evident in the lungs of challenged rats, while no granuloma formation was evident in the lungs of rats exposed to killed fungus.

Detection of tube defect using the autoregressive algorithm

Zakiah A. Hali,Nordin Jamaludin,Syarif Junaidi,Syed Yusainee Syed Yahya 국제구조공학회 2015 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.19 No.1

Easy detection and evaluation of defect in the tube structure is a continuous problem and remains a significant demand in tube inspection technologies. This study is aimed to automate defect detection using the pattern recognition approach based on the classification of high frequency stress wave signals. The stress wave signals from vibrational impact excitation on several tube conditions were captured to identify the defect in ASTM A179 seamless steel tubes. The variation in stress wave propagation was captured by a high frequency sensor. Stress wave signals from four tubes with artificial defects of different depths and one reference tube were classified using the autoregressive (AR) algorithm. The results were demonstrated using a dendrogram. The preliminary research revealed the natural arrangement of stress wave signals were grouped into two clusters. The stress wave signals from the healthy tube were grouped together in one cluster and the signals from the defective tubes were classified in another cluster. This approach was effective in separating different stress wave signals and allowed quicker and easier defect identification and interpretation in steel tubes.

Safety and Efficacy of Permacol Injection in the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence

Yahya A Al-Abed,Jennifer Ayers,Abraham Ayantunde,Bandipalyam V Praveen 대한대장항문학회 2016 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.32 No.2

Purpose: Permacol has been gaining popularity in recent times for the treatment of fecal incontinence (FI). This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anal submucosal Permacol injection in the treatment of FI. Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent Permacol injection for FI over a 3-year period were included. Patients’ data relating to obstetric history, anorectal/pelvic operations, type of FI, preoperative anorectal physiology results and follow-up details for outcome measures were collected. Preoperative and postoperative Cleveland Clinic Florida Incontinence Scores (CCFISs) were noted. Patients were surveyed by using a telephone questionnaire to assess the quality of life and other outcome measures. Data were analysed using SPSS ver.19.0. Results: Thirty patients (28 females and 2 males) with a median age of 67 years were included in the study. Of those patients, 37%, 50%, and 13% were noted to have passive, mixed and urge FI, respectively. Six of the patients (20%) had repeat Permacol injections, 5 of whom had sustained responses to the first Permacol injection for a mean of 11 months. There was a significant improvement in the CCFIS from a baseline median of 12.5, mean 12.8 (interquartile range [IQR], 6–20), to a median of 3.5, mean 4.8 (IQR, 0–20), P < 0.001. Of the patients surveyed by telephone 89% were satisfied with their overall experience and the improvement in their symptoms following Permacol injections. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that Permacol injection for the treatment of FI is safe and effective and has no associated major complications. However, the results are not permanent; consequently, a significant proportion of the patients with an initial response may require repeat injections.

Fast activation of natural biomasses by microwave heating

Ayman A. Issa,Yahya S. Al-Degs,Kholoud Mashal,Ramia Z. Al Bakain 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Microwave was effectively applied as a fast heating tool for activating two natural biomasses, pine woodand Arabica coffee residues. The heated biomasses were tested for removing four food dyes: Allura RedE129, Sunset Yellow E110, Tartrazine E102, and Brilliant Black E151 from solution. The biomasses wereheated by 2.45 GHz microwaves at different input powers 200–1000Wfor 8 min. The results indicatedthat heating at high input powers is necessary to activate biomasses and to enhance dyes adsorption. Dielectrical properties (dielectric constant e0 , dielectric loss e00 , tangent loss tan d, and penetration depthdp) indicated that Arabica coffee is a better microwave absorber leading to significant structural damagewhen heating at high input powers. Microwave-heated pine wood showed a better performance for dyesremoval compare to coffee residue. Heating at 1000W is not recommended for both biomasses whereoxidation reactions destroyed the structure of the materials. Moreover, microwave heating for longtimes had a bad influence on dyes removal. %Removal–adsorption capacity plot indicated that 0.8 and1.0 g/100 mL is the optimum adsorbent dosage for E110 and E129, respectively. Analysis by Langmuirequation revealed that saturation values were 9.3 and 7.2 mg/g for E110 and E129 at pH 2.0 and 25 8C,receptively. Dyes removal by microwave-heated wood was a fast process and more than 90% ofadsorbent’s capacity was utilised within 30 min.

Structural performance of submerged ring support FG shell using numerical ananlysis

Mohamed A. Khadimallah,Muzamal Hussain,Ahmad Yahya,Khaled Mohamed Khedher,Faisal Al-Thobiani,Shauket Ali Tahir,Abdelouahed Tounsi 국제구조공학회 2021 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.80 No.3

In this study, the cylindrical shell submerged in a fluid and surrounded by ring supports. The use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel’s functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Lagrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. Shell motion equations are framed first order shell theory due to Love. These equations are partial differential equations which are usually solved by approximate technique. The transverse constraints produced ring supports are assumed by the polynomial functions possessing degree equal to the number of ring supports. The frequencies with ring supports against wave number, length-to-radius ratio and height-to-radius ratio are investigated. The frequency analysis versus wave number for simply supported cylindrical shells submerged in a fluid with ring supports is given for different types of configuration. The variations of frequencies against the positions of the ring supports are furnished for not submerged and submerged cylindrical shells. It is observed that vibration frequencies increase and decreases as the positions of a ring support is increased. Programming is written in MATLAB codes to solve the frequency equation for the computation of frequencies of shells submerged in a fluid along with ring supports. The frequency result of submerged cylindrical shell is less than with the results of not submerged cylindrical shell. Robust and efficient technique produced the valid results.

Hierarchical classification method based on selective learning of slacked hierarchy for activity recognition systems

Khowaja, S.A.,Yahya, B.N.,Lee, S.L. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 expert systems with applications Vol.88 No.-

Physical activity recognition using wearable sensors has gained significant interest from researchers working in the field of ambient intelligence and human behavior analysis. The problem of multi-class classification is an important issue in the applications which naturally has more than two classes. A well-known strategy to convert a multi-class classification problem into binary sub-problems is the error-correcting output coding (ECOC) method. Since existing methods use a single classifier with ECOC without considering the dependency among multiple classifiers, it often fails to generalize the performance and parameters in a real-life application, where different numbers of devices, sensors and sampling rates are used. To address this problem, we propose a unique hierarchical classification model based on the combination of two base binary classifiers using selective learning of slacked hierarchy and integrating the training of binary classifiers into a unified objective function. Our method maps the multi-class classification problem to multi-level classification. A multi-tier voting scheme has been introduced to provide a final classification label at each level of the solicited model. The proposed method is evaluated on two publicly available datasets and compared with independent base classifiers. Furthermore, it has also been tested on real-life sensor readings for 3 different subjects to recognize four activities i.e. Walking, Standing, Jogging and Sitting. The presented method uses same hierarchical levels and parameters to achieve better performance on all three datasets having different number of devices, sensors and sampling rates. The average accuracies on publicly available dataset and real-life sensor readings were recorded to be 95% and 85%, respectively. The experimental results validate the effectiveness and generality of the proposed method in terms of performance and parameters.

Effectiveness of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to assess the geographical origin and genetic diversity of collected lentil genotypes

Mohammed Nabil A.,Afzal Muhammad,Al-Faifi Sulieman A.,Khan Muhammad A.,Refay Yahya A.,AL-Samin Bazel H.,Alghamdi Salem S.,Ibrahim Abdullah 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.4

Lentil is an important annual food legume crop, nitrogen fixer and provides a substantial amount of protein, carbohydrate, minerals, and vitamin content. The use of molecular markers to assess genetic diversity is crucial for crop improvement, efficient management, and conservation of plant genetic resources. The current study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among lentil genotypes using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Therefore, we evaluated a collection of 36 lentil genotypes, including 20 from Yemen, Saudi Arabia (7), Egypt (4), and Bangladesh (3), and (2) genotypes from the International Center for Research in Dry Area (ICARDA) using 21 SRAP primer combinations. The amplified fragments showed a high level of useful polymorphic amplified fragments (775 out of 782) indicating a higher degree of variation. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.31 to 0.39 with an average of 0.33 for each primer. The UPGMA trees, based on Jaccard similarity index matrices, separated the genotypes into four main clusters according to their geographical origin. The population structure supported the major groups and attested to their great degree of differentiation. The highest lentil population was found at K = 3, K = 5, and K = 7 levels, showing purity and admixture ancestry among the lentil population. This study highlighted the wide genetic diversity among the studied lentil genotypes and demonstrated the effectiveness of the SRAP technique in determining the genetic variability of lentil. Furthermore, it could be used to establish the genetic peculiarity of ecotypes when applying for the obtainment of origin and agro-morphological characteristics.

Design and Implementation of a New Electronic Technique for Real-Time Correction of Parallax/Lag and Air-condition Noises in Airborne Magnetic Data

K.G. Abdel-Kader,A.A.M. Ismail,F.A.S. Soliman,A.S.S. El-Kabbani,A.Yahya,A.M. Abdel-Maksood 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.12

Recent developments in airborne magnetic detection systems have made it possible to detect much small magnetic objects such as unexploded ordnance. However, the data sets are extremely large and the measurements must be processed and interpreted. Therefore, there is an increasing need for a fully automatic processing and interpretation techniques that can be used to make decisions regarding the nature of the source in real time. So, the aim of the present paper is to shed further light on the real time correction of parallax/Lag -and air-condition-noises in airborne magnetic data acquisition. A novel electronic technique, based on micro-controllers design and implementation, was designated for real-time processing applications. The proposed technique shows excellent airborne magnetic data results considering actual field examples. The proposed technique verifies an accurate and objective tool for magnetic objects detection compared with the existing PEI tools considering cost and processing automation capabilities.

Analysis of activated colloidal crud in advanced and modular reactor under pump coastdown with kinetic corrosion

Mehboob Khurram,Al-Zahrani Yahya A. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.12

The analysis of rapid flow transients in Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) is essential for a reactor safety study. An accurate and precise analysis of the RCP coastdown is necessary for the reactor design. The coastdown of RCP affects the coolant temperature and the colloidal crud in the primary coolant. A realistic and kinetic model has been used to investigate the behavior of activated colloidal crud in the primary coolant and steam generator that solves the pump speed analytically. The analytic solution of the non-dimensional flow rate has been determined by the energy ratio b. The kinetic energy of the coolant fluid and the kinetic energy stored in the rotating parts of a pump are two essential parameters in the form of b. Under normal operation, the pump's speed and moment of inertia are constant. However, in a coastdown situation, kinetic damping in the interval has been implemented. A dynamic model ACCP-SMART has been developed for System Integrated Modular and Advanced Reactor (SMART) to investigate the corrosion due to activated colloidal crud. The Fickian diffusion model has been implemented as the reference corrosion model for the constituent component of the primary loop of the SMART reactor. The activated colloidal crud activity in the primary coolant and steam generator of the SMART reactor has been studied for different equilibrium corrosion rates, linear increase in corrosion rate, and dynamic RCP coastdown situation energy ratio b. The coolant specific activity of SMART reactor equilibrium corrosion (4.0 mg s1 ) has been found 9.63 103 mCi cm3 , 3.53 103 mC cm3 , 2.39 102 mC cm3 , 8.10 103 mC cm3 , 6.77 103 mC cm3 , 4.95 104 mC cm3 , 1.19 103 mC cm3 , and 7.87 104 mC cm3 for 24Na, 54Mn, 56Mn, 59Fe, 58Co, 60Co, 99Mo, and 51Cr which are 14.95%, 5.48%, 37.08%, 12.57%, 10.51%, 0.77%, 18.50%, and 0.12% respectively. For linear and exponential coastdown with a constant corrosion rate, the total coolant and steam generator activity approaches a higher saturation value than the normal values. The coolant and steam generator activity changes considerably with kinetic corrosion rate, equilibrium corrosion, growth of corrosion rate (DC/Dt), and RCP coastdown situations. The effect of the RCP coastdown on the specific activity of the steam generators is smeared by linearly rising corrosion rates, equilibrium corrosion, and rapid coasting down of the RCP. However, the time taken to reach the saturation activity is also influenced by the slope of corrosion rate, coastdown situation, equilibrium corrosion rate, and energy ratio b.

Miniaturized Traveling-Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator Driven by Loudspeaker: Numerical Design

Oday S. Mahmood,Abdul Mun’em A. Karim,Samir Gh. Yahya,Itimad D. J. Azzawi 대한설비공학회 2020 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.28 No.4

Ordinary refrigeration systems such as vapor-compression refrigerators are the commonly used devices in industry, mostly for their high efficiencies. However, they make a significant contribution to the depletion of Ozone and global warming due to their operational refrigerants. Hence, thermoacoustic refrigeration can be a great alternative candidate which uses inert gases such as air, helium and nitrogen as the primary refrigerant. Thermoacoustic refrigerators convert the acoustic power (sound waves) into a thermal effect (cooling power). Thermoacoustics can be counted as a new technology that has a strong potential toward the development of the thermal applications. This study aims to design and fabricate miniaturized traveling wave thermoacoustic refrigerator which can be driven by an ordinary loudspeaker. The optimized numerical design of the refrigerator shows an overall efficiency (cooling power over input electricity) of nearly 66% at a temperature difference of 25 K (between cold and ambient heat exchangers). The maximum estimated cooling power is 65 W at coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.65.