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Algranti, Eduardo,Santana, Vilma S.,Campos, Felipe,Salvi, Leonardo,Saito, Cezar A.,Cavalcante, Franciana,Correa-Filho, Heleno R. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2022 Safety and health at work Vol.13 No.3
Background: In Brazil, asbestos was intensively used from the 1960s until its ban in 2017. Mesothelioma, asbestosis, and pleural plaques are typical asbestos-related diseases (ARD-T). To create an ARD-T national database, death records from 1996-2017 were retrieved from several health information systems (HIS). Methods: All national HIS containing coded diagnoses (ICD-10) and death information were obtained. Linkage was performed to create a single database of ARD-T death records, either as underlying or contributory causes, in adults aged 30 years and older. Results: A total of 3,057 ARD-T death records were found, 2,405 (76.4%) of which being malignant mesotheliomas (MM). Pleural MM (n = 1,006; 41.8%) and unspecified MM (n = 792; 32.9%) prevailed. Male to female MM ratio (M:F) was 1.4:1, and higher ratios were found for non-malignant ARD-T: 3.5:1 for asbestosis and 2.4:1 for pleural plaques. Male crude annual mesothelioma mortality (CM<sub>mm</sub> ×1,000,000) was 0.98 in 1996 and 2.26 in 2017, a 131.1% increment, while for females it was 1.04 and 1.25, a 20.2% increase, correspondingly. The small number of deaths with asbestosis and pleural plaques records precluded conclusive interpretations. Conclusions: Even with the linkage of several HIS, ARD-T in death records remained in low numbers. MM mortality in men was higher and showed a rapid increase and, along with non-malignant ARD-T, higher M:F ratios suggested a predominant pattern of work-related exposure. The monitoring of workplace and environmental asbestos exposure needs to be improved, as well as the workers surveillance, following the recent Brazilian ban.
One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material
Wang, L.,Meric, I.,Huang, P. Y.,Gao, Q.,Gao, Y.,Tran, H.,Taniguchi, T.,Watanabe, K.,Campos, L. M.,Muller, D. A.,Guo, J.,Kim, P.,Hone, J.,Shepard, K. L.,Dean, C. R. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.342 No.6158
<P><B>Better Contact Along the Edge</B></P><P>Electrical contact to graphene is normally done with metal contacts on its flat face, where there are few strong bonding sites for the metal. <B>Wang <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 614) encapsulated graphene with hexagonal boron nitride sheets and made metal contacts along its edge, where bonding orbitals are exposed. The resulting heterostructures had high electronic performance, with room-temperature carrier mobilities near the theoretical phonon-scattering limit.</P>
Effects of Castor Meal on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Cattle
Diniz, L.L.,Filho, S.C. Valadares,Campos, J.M.S.,Valadares, R.F.D.,Da Silva, L.D.,Monnerat, J.P.I.S.,Benedeti, P.B.,De Oliveira, A.S.,Pina, D.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.10
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with treated castor meal with (CMT) or without lime (CMNT) on the nutrient intake, performance, carcass characteristics, and yield of commercial cuts of beef cattle from a feedlot. Thirty male, castrated, crossbreed zebu cattle were used in the study, with an average initial weight of $360{\pm}30.27\;kg$. Five animals were used as a control group and were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment; the remaining animals (n = 25) were distributed in random blocks (repetitions), with body weight as the criterion for block assignment. The animals were fed a diet containing 65% corn silage and 35% of concentrate on dry matter (DM) basis. Five diets consisted of four levels of soybean meal (SM) substituted with CMT (0, 33, 67 and 100%) on a DM basis and a diet with 100% of SM replaced with CMNT. At the end of the experiment, all animals were slaughtered, and their gastrointestinal tracts were emptied to determine their empty body weights (EBW). No significant effects were observed (p>0.05) for the substitution of soybean meal with CMT on intake of dietary nutrients, the average daily body weight gain (ADG) or EBW gain (EBWG). In spite of greater (p<0.05) ricin intake for the diet containing CMNT (3.06 mg/kg BW) compared to the CMT diet (0.10 mg/kg BW/d), there were no effects (p>0.05) on intake of dietary nutrients, ADG or EBWG. The average intake of DM and the ADG were 10,664.63 and 1,353.04 g/d, respectively. Regarding carcass characteristics, only carcass yield in relation to body weight was linearly reduced (p<0.05) upon substitution of SM by CMT. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the substitution of SM by CMT or CMNT on the yield of carcass basic cuts. CMT prices that are higher than 85% of the SM price do not economically justify the use of CMT. For CMT prices between 20 and 80% of the SM price, the optimal level was 67% substitution, while for prices below 15% of the SM price, the optimal level was 100% substitution with CMT. It can be concluded that treated castor meal with 6% lime can totally replace soybean meal in beef cattle diets.
S.B. Bezerra,L.K.A.M. Leal,N.A.N. Pinto,A.R. Campos 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6
The effects of Matricaria recutita and α-bisabolol, a bioactive component from Chamomile species, were investigated against gastric damage induced by absolute ethanol (96%, 1mL per animal) in rats. The effects of M. recutita extract and α-bisabolol on gastric mucosal damage were assessed by determination of changes in mean gastric lesion area. Mechanistic studies were carried out at with 100mg/kg α-bisabolol. We further examined the possible participation of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and K+ATP channels in its mechanism. M. recutita reduced gastric damage in all doses tested. α-Bisabolol at oral doses of 50 and 100mg/kg markedly attenuated the gastric lesions induced by ethanol to the extent of 87% and 96%, respectively. Pretreatments with the nitric oxide antagonist N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10mg/kg, i.p.) or with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, failed to block effectively the gastroprotective effect of α-bisabolol. Furthermore, the α-bisabolol effect was significantly reduced in rats pretreated with glibenclamide, an inhibitor of K+ATP channel activation. Thus we provide evidence that α-bisabolol reduces the gastric damage induced by ethanol, at least in part, by the mechanism of activation of K+ATP channels.