Comparison of propofol alone and in combination with ketamine or fentanyl for sedation in endoscopic ultrasonography

Shweta A Singh,Kelika Prakash,Sandeep Sharma,Gaurav Dhakate,Vikram Bhatia 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.1

Background: We evaluated whether the addition of a small dose of ketamine or fentanyl would lead to a reduction in the total dose of propofol consumed without compromising the safety and recovery of patients having endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Methods: A total of 210 adult patients undergoing elective EUS under sedation were included in the study. Patients were randomized into three groups. Patients were premedicated intravenously with normal saline in group 1, 50 μg fentanyl in group 2, and 0.5 mg/kg ketamine in group 3. All patients received intravenous propofol for sedation. Propofol consumption in mg/kg/h was noted. The incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, desaturation, and coughing was noted. The time to achieve a Post Anesthesia Discharge Score (PADS) of 10 was also noted. Results: There were 68 patients in group 1, 70 in group 2, and 72 in group 3. The amount of propofol consumed was significantly higher in group 1 (9.25 [7.3–13.2]) than in group 2 (8.8 [6.8–12.2]) and group 3 (7.6 [5.7–9.8]). Patient hemodynamics and oxygenation were well maintained and comparable in all groups. The time to achieve a PADS of 10 was significantly higher in group 3 compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: The use of 50 μg fentanyl or 0.5 mg/kg ketamine in a single dose during EUS reduces the dose of propofol required for sedation. However, unlike the addition of fentanyl, the addition of ketamine increased the time to recovery. Thus, 50 μg fentanyl is a good additive to propofol infusion for sedation during EUS to reduce the requirement for propofol without affecting the time to recovery.

Nutrient intake, digestibility and performance of Gaddi kids supplemented with tea seed or tea seed saponin extract

M. Kumar,A. Kannan,R. Bhar,A. Gulati,A. Gaurav,V.K. Sharma 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.4

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, haemato-biochemical attributes, immune response and growth performance of Gaddi kids fed with oat fodder based basal diet supplemented with either tea seed or tea seed saponin (TSS) extract. Methods: Eighteen male kids, 7.03±0.16 months of age and 19.72±0.64 kg body weight, were distributed into three groups, T0 (control), T1, and T2, consisting of 6 animals each in a completely randomized design. The kids were fed a basal diet consisting of concentrate mixture and oat fodder (50:50). Animals in group III (T2) were supplemented with TSS at 0.4% of dry matter intake (DMI), and group II (T1) were supplemented with tea seed at 2.6% of DMI to provide equivalent dose of TSS as in T2. Two metabolism trials were conducted, 1st after 21 days and 2nd after 90 days of feeding to evaluate the short term and long term effects of supplementation. Results: The tea seed (T1) or TSS (T2) supplementation did not affect DMI as well as the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre. Nutritive value of diet and plane of nutrition were also comparable for both the periods. However, the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) for T1 and T2 as compared to T0. The microbial protein supply was also higher (p<0.05) for T1 and T2 for both the periods. There was no effect of supplementation on most blood parameters. However, the triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level increased (p<0.05) in T2 as compared with T0 and T1. Supplementation also did not affect the cell mediated and humoral immune response in goats. Conclusion: Tea seed at 2.6% of DMI and TSS at 0.4% DMI can be fed to Gaddi goats to improve growth rate, FCR and microbial protein synthesis.

Study of Deformation Mechanisms of a High-Purity α-Titanium Plate Under Monotonic Loading with the EVPSC-TDT Model

Himanshu Kumar,Gaurav A. Bhaduri,S. G. K. Manikandan,M. Kamaraj,S. Shiva 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2

The primary focus of the study is to explore the influence of annealing on the various properties like phase formation,microstructure evolution and wear analysis of equiatomic AlCoCrFeNiTi high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings developed byatmospheric plasma spray technique. Post deposition, annealing was performed at three different temperatures of 700 °C,900 °C and 1200 °C, respectively, for a time period of 180 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that AlCoCrFeNiTiHEA coating comprises two BCC solid solution phases. The deposited samples were characterized using scanning electronmicroscopy (FESEM), surface profilometer, chemical analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fouriertransform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The dilution level study revealed the strong metallurgical bonding between coatingand substrate. Microhardness of the AlCrCoFeNiTi was found to be marginally decreased by increasing the annealingtemperature due to coarsening of grains and the deposited coating microhardness was found to be 768.48 ± 16 HV0.2. Weartest analysis performed using the ball-on disc test revealed that, there is a significant decrease in wear resistance after heattreatment at 1200 °C. Beyond 900 °C, annealing decreased the microhardness and wear resistance due to coarsening ofgrains. The wear volume rate of the unannealed as-deposited coating was found to be 2.8 × 10–7 mm3N−1 m−1 and the coatingannealed at 700 °C, 900 °C, and 1200 °C had a wear volume rate of about 2.89 × 10–7 mm3 N−1 m−1, 2.87 × 10–7 mm3 N−1 m−1,7.29 × 10–7 mm3 N−1 m−1, respectively.

Influence of Annealing on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi High Entropy Alloy Based Coating

Himanshu Kumar,Gaurav A. Bhaduri,S. G. K. Manikandan,M. Kamaraj,S. Shiva 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.3

The primary focus of the study is to explore the influence of annealing on the various properties like phase formation,microstructure evolution and wear analysis of equiatomic AlCoCrFeNiTi high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings developed byatmospheric plasma spray technique. Post deposition, annealing was performed at three different temperatures of 700 °C,900 °C and 1200 °C, respectively, for a time period of 180 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed that AlCoCrFeNiTiHEA coating comprises two BCC solid solution phases. The deposited samples were characterized using scanning electronmicroscopy (FESEM), surface profilometer, chemical analysis using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fouriertransform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The dilution level study revealed the strong metallurgical bonding between coatingand substrate. Microhardness of the AlCrCoFeNiTi was found to be marginally decreased by increasing the annealingtemperature due to coarsening of grains and the deposited coating microhardness was found to be 768.48 ± 16 HV0.2. Weartest analysis performed using the ball-on disc test revealed that, there is a significant decrease in wear resistance after heattreatment at 1200 °C. Beyond 900 °C, annealing decreased the microhardness and wear resistance due to coarsening ofgrains. The wear volume rate of the unannealed as-deposited coating was found to be 2.8 × 10–7 mm3N−1 m−1 and the coatingannealed at 700 °C, 900 °C, and 1200 °C had a wear volume rate of about 2.89 × 10–7 mm3 N−1 m−1, 2.87 × 10–7 mm3 N−1 m−1,7.29 × 10–7 mm3 N−1 m−1, respectively.

Dysarthric-Speech Detection Using Transfer Learning With Convolutional Neural Networks

S R Mani Sekhar,Gaurav Kashyap,Akshay Bhansali,Andrew Abishek A.,Kushan Singh 한국통신학회 2022 ICT Express Vol.8 No.1

Speech Dysarthria is a disorder in which speech muscles become weak, and it becomes difficult to articulate otherwise linguistically normal speech. This work is based on detection of speech dysarthria and how it can assist physicians, specialists, and doctors in its detection. The proposed work achieves higher accuracies on the TORGO dataset by using a transfer learning based convolutional neural network model (TL-CNN) and by converting the audio samples to Mel-spectrograms. The proposed work TL-CNN achieved better accuracy when compared with other machine learning models.

Testicular Cell Indices and Peripheral Blood Testosterone Concentrations in Relation to Age and Semen Quality in Crossbred (Holstein Friesian×Tharparkar) Bulls

Rajak, S.K.,Kumaresan, A.,Gaurav, M.K.,Layek, S.S.,Mohanty, T.K.,Aslam, M.K. Muhammad,Tripathi, U.K.,Prasad, Shiv,De, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.11

Present study analyzed the changes in peripheral blood testosterone concentrations and testicular cytogram in relation to age and semen quality in crossbred males. Three different age groups of crossbred males viz. bull calves (6 months, n = 5), young bulls (15 months, n = 5) and adult bulls (4 to 6 years, n = 8) were utilized for the study. Testicular fine needle aspiration cytology technique was used to quantify testicular cytology and their indices. Peripheral blood testosterone concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Semen samples collected from adult bulls were microscopically evaluated for quality parameters. Mean peripheral blood testosterone concentrations in bull calves, young bulls and adult bulls were $2.28{\pm}0.09ng/mL$, $1.42{\pm}0.22ng/mL$ and $5.66{\pm}1.08ng/mL$ respectively, and that in adult bulls were significantly different (p<0.01) from young bulls and bull calves. There was no significant difference between the proportion of different testicular cells in bull calves and young bulls. Between young and adult bulls, significant differences (p<0.01) were observed in the proportion of spermatocytes, spermatozoa, and sperm: Sertoli cell ratio. The proportions of Sertoli cells showed a significant difference (p<0.01) between the three age groups. The number of primary spermatocytes had a positive correlation with peripheral blood testosterone concentrations in bull calves (r = 0.719, p<0.01). Number of Sertoli cells per 100 germ cells was negatively correlated with blood testosterone concentration in young bulls (r = -0.713, p<0.01). Among different semen parameters in adult bulls, ejaculate volume (r = 0.790, p<0.05) had positive relationship, and sperm motility had significant negative correlation (r = -0.711, p<0.05) with testosterone concentrations. The number of Sertoli cells and Sertoli cell index had a positive correlation with various semen quality parameters (p<0.001). Results of the present study conclude that number of Sertoli cells and Sertoli cell index are good indicators of semen quality, but peripheral blood testosterone concentrations may not have a direct relationship with various seminal attributes in crossbred bulls.

Mechanical, Thermophysical, and Ultrasonic Properties of Thermoelectric HfX2 (X = S, Se) Compounds

Shakti Pratap Singh,Gaurav Singh,A. K. Verma,A. K. Jaiswal,R. R. Yadav 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.8

In the present study, ultrasonic and thermophysical behaviour of thermoelectric hexagonal structured HfX2(X = S, Se)compounds have been analysed by the theoretical evaluation of second and third order elastic constants (SOECs and TOECs)using many body interaction potential model. The computed SOECs have been used to determine the temperature dependentspecific heat, thermal energy density, elastic coupling constants, Grüneisen parameters, ultrasonic velocities, Debye averagevelocity, ultrasonic attenuation, and thermal relaxation time. We have observed that the temperature dependent ultrasonicattenuation and thermal relaxation time for HfX2are mainly affected by thermal conductivity. The elastic properties of thematerial are compared with existing data in literature for the validation of the work. The obtained values of elastic stiffnessare found very large in comparison to that of other material from transition metal dichalcogenides of group IVB indicatingbetter mechanical properties than the same group materials. Calculated elastic, thermal, and ultrasonic properties are correlatedfor better characterization of the materials which are useful for thermoelectric and energy transport applications.