Comparison of propofol alone and in combination with ketamine or fentanyl for sedation in endoscopic ultrasonography

Shweta A Singh,Kelika Prakash,Sandeep Sharma,Gaurav Dhakate,Vikram Bhatia 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.1

Background: We evaluated whether the addition of a small dose of ketamine or fentanyl would lead to a reduction in the total dose of propofol consumed without compromising the safety and recovery of patients having endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Methods: A total of 210 adult patients undergoing elective EUS under sedation were included in the study. Patients were randomized into three groups. Patients were premedicated intravenously with normal saline in group 1, 50 μg fentanyl in group 2, and 0.5 mg/kg ketamine in group 3. All patients received intravenous propofol for sedation. Propofol consumption in mg/kg/h was noted. The incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, desaturation, and coughing was noted. The time to achieve a Post Anesthesia Discharge Score (PADS) of 10 was also noted. Results: There were 68 patients in group 1, 70 in group 2, and 72 in group 3. The amount of propofol consumed was significantly higher in group 1 (9.25 [7.3–13.2]) than in group 2 (8.8 [6.8–12.2]) and group 3 (7.6 [5.7–9.8]). Patient hemodynamics and oxygenation were well maintained and comparable in all groups. The time to achieve a PADS of 10 was significantly higher in group 3 compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: The use of 50 μg fentanyl or 0.5 mg/kg ketamine in a single dose during EUS reduces the dose of propofol required for sedation. However, unlike the addition of fentanyl, the addition of ketamine increased the time to recovery. Thus, 50 μg fentanyl is a good additive to propofol infusion for sedation during EUS to reduce the requirement for propofol without affecting the time to recovery.

Somatic embryogenesis from the axillary meristems of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Shweta Singh,Sulekha Hazra 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.4

Developmental anomalies in the plumule meristem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) somatic embryos resulted in poor shoot differentiation and reduced plant recovery. Existing meristems with caulogenic potential have never been tested for embryogenesis in peanut. The present experiment was designed to test the mature zygotic embryo axis derived plumule with three meristems for somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic masses and embryos developed from the caulogenic meristems in the axils. Exposure of 2 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 lM 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation temporarily which then regained the ability to form the shoot on withdrawal of 2,4-D. Exposure of 4 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 lM 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation irreversibly. No shoot formation was noted from the tips in any of the cultures which were in secondary medium with 13.6 lM 2,4-D. Development of somatic embryos directly from axillary meristems was confirmed histologically. Conversion frequency of these embryos was 11%. Thus, in this report, we describe a method to obtain somatic embryos from the determined organogenic buds of the axillary meristem, by culturing the nodal explant vertically on embryo induction medium. It also displays the possibility of obtaining both embryogenic and organogenic potential in two parts of the same explant simultaneously. The possibility of extending this approach for genetic transformation in in vivo system through direct DNA delivery or Agrobacterium injection in meristems can also be explored. Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, we have demonstrated the possibility of gene transfer in the axillary meristems of seed-derived plumule explant. Developmental anomalies in the plumule meristem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) somatic embryos resulted in poor shoot differentiation and reduced plant recovery. Existing meristems with caulogenic potential have never been tested for embryogenesis in peanut. The present experiment was designed to test the mature zygotic embryo axis derived plumule with three meristems for somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic masses and embryos developed from the caulogenic meristems in the axils. Exposure of 2 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 lM 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation temporarily which then regained the ability to form the shoot on withdrawal of 2,4-D. Exposure of 4 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 lM 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation irreversibly. No shoot formation was noted from the tips in any of the cultures which were in secondary medium with 13.6 lM 2,4-D. Development of somatic embryos directly from axillary meristems was confirmed histologically. Conversion frequency of these embryos was 11%. Thus, in this report, we describe a method to obtain somatic embryos from the determined organogenic buds of the axillary meristem, by culturing the nodal explant vertically on embryo induction medium. It also displays the possibility of obtaining both embryogenic and organogenic potential in two parts of the same explant simultaneously. The possibility of extending this approach for genetic transformation in in vivo system through direct DNA delivery or Agrobacterium injection in meristems can also be explored. Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, we have demonstrated the possibility of gene transfer in the axillary meristems of seed-derived plumule explant.

Comment on "A rare case of Wilson disease associated with intracerebral hemorrhage"

Singh Shweta A 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.3

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Living donor liver transplant outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: does a decrease in case volume impact the overall outcomes?

Shweta A. Singh,Hetal Pampaniya,Vikram Kumar,Mukesh Kumar,Shekhar Singh Jadaun,Vivek Yadav,Sanjiv Saigal,Subhash Gupta 대한이식학회 2022 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.36 No.2

Background: High-volume centers (HVCs) are classically associated with better out- comes. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a decrease in the regular liver transplantation (LT) activity at our center. This study ana- lyzed the effect of the decline in LT on posttransplant patient outcomes at our HVC. Methods: We compared the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent LT during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (April 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020) with outcomes in the pre-pandemic calendar year (April 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020). Results: During the 6 months of pandemic lockdown, 60 patients underwent LT (43 adults and 17 children) while 228 patients underwent LT (178 adults and 50 children) during the pre-pandemic calendar year. Patients in the pandemic group had significant- ly higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (24.39±9.55 vs. 21.14±9.17, P=0.034), Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores (11.46±2.32 vs. 10.25±2.24, P=0.03), and inci- dence of acute-on-chronic liver failure (30.2% vs. 10.2%, P=0.002). Despite performing LT in sicker patients with COVID-19-related challenges, the 30-day (14% vs. 18.5%, P=0.479), 3-month (16.3% vs. 20.2%, P=0.557), and 6-month mortality rates (23.3% vs. 28.7%, P=0.477) were lower, but not statistically significant when compared to the pre-pandemic cohort. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown the number of LT procedures performed at our HVC declined by half because prevailing conditions allowed LT in very sick patients only. Despite these changes, outcomes were not inferior during the pan- demic period compared to the pre-pandemic calendar year. Greater individualization of patient care contributed to non-inferior outcomes in these sick recipients.

Study of minerals and selected environmentally sensitive elements in Kapurdi lignites of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, western India: implications to environment

Pramod K. Rajak,Vijay K. Singh,Asha L. Singh,Narendra Kumar,Om P. Kumar,Vishvajeet Singh,Aniruddha Kumar,Rai Ankita,Shweta Rai,Amiya S. Naik,Prakash K. Singh 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.4

The present study is an attempt to know the temporal and spatial distribution of geochemical components in the lignite deposit of Kapurdi, Barmer Basin (Rajasthan). Lignite samples have been subjected to proximate, ultimate and elemental analyses, and determination of mineral carbon (MINC%). Besides, various minerals and functional groups have been analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Selected environmentally sensitive and potential hazardous elements like Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mn, Al, Fe and Co are determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). To know the association of minerals with organic matter, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) has also been carried out. The concentration of Co, Ni, Cd, Pb, Na, and K is high when compared with world average and is main concern for the environmental and health hazards. The elements like Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Pb have shown increasing trend from top to bottom of the lignite seam with some fluctuations in the values in few bands whereas others do not follow a definite trend of variation along the seam profile.

Recent advances in valorization of citrus fruits processing waste: a way forward towards environmental sustainability

Shweta Suri,Anupama Singh,Prabhat K. Nema 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.13

Citrus fruits are well known for their medicinaland therapeutic potential due to the presence of immensebioactive components. With the enormous consumption ofcitrus juice, citrus processing industries are focused on theproduction of juice but at the same time, a large amount ofwaste is produced mainly in the form of peel, seeds,pomace, and wastewater. This waste left after processingleads to environmental pollution and health-related hazards. However, it could be exploited for the recovery ofessential oils, pectin, nutraceuticals, macro and micronutrients,ethanol, and biofuel generation. In view of theimportance and health benefits of bioactive compoundsfound in citrus waste, the present review summarizes therecent work done on the citrus fruit waste valorization forrecovery of value-added compounds leading to zerowastage. Therefore, instead of calling it waste, these couldbe a good resource of significant valuable components, inthis way encouraging the zero-waste theory.

Beneficial Effects of Fluorescent Pseudomonads on Seed Germination, Growth Promotion, and Suppression of Charcoal Rot in Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

( Bhatia Shweta ),( Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari ),( Ramesh Chand Dubey ),( Daljit Singh Arora ),( Vivek K. Bajpai ),( Sun Chul Kang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2008 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.18 No.9

Monitoring Approaches for a Toxic Cyanobacterial Bloom

Srivastava, Ankita,Singh, Shweta,Ahn, Chi-Yong,Oh, Hee-Mock,Asthana, Ravi Kumar American Chemical Society 2013 Environmental science & technology Vol.47 No.16

<P>Cyanobacterial blooms, dominated by <I>Microcystis</I> sp. and associated microcystin variants, have been implicated in illnesses of humans and animals. Little is known regarding the formation of blooms and the presence of cyanotoxin variants in water bodies. Furthermore, the role played by ecological parameters, in regulating <I>Microcystis</I> blooms is complicate and diverse. Local authorities responsible for water management are often faced with the challenging task of dealing with cyanobacterial blooms. Therefore, the development of suitable monitoring approaches to characterize cyanobacterial blooms is an important goal. Currently, various biological, biochemical and physicochemical methods/approaches are being used to monitor cyanobacterial blooms and detect microcystins in freshwater bodies. Because these methods can vary as to the information they provide, no single approach seemed to be sufficient to accurately monitor blooms. For example, immunosensors are more suited for monitoring the presence of toxins in clear water bodies while molecular methods are more suited to detect potentially toxic strains. Thus, monitoring approaches should be tailored for specific water bodies using methods based on economic feasibility, speed, sensitivity and field applicability. This review critically evaluates monitoring approaches that are applicable to cyanobacterial blooms, especially those that focus on the presence of <I>Microcystis</I>, in freshwater bodies. Further, they were characterized and ranked according to their cost, speed, sensitivity and selectivity. Suggested improvements were offered as well as future research endeavors to accommodate anticipated environmental changes.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2013/esthag.2013.47.issue-16/es401245k/production/images/medium/es-2013-01245k_0004.gif'></P>

Conformal Quasi Hemi slant Riemannian submersions from cosymplectic manifolds

Rajendra Prasad,Shweta Singh 장전수학회 2023 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.26 No.4

Conformal Quasi Hemi slant Riemannian submersions from cosymplectic manifolds

A Fuzzy Impulse Noise Filter Based on Boundary Discriminative Noise Detection

Verma, Om Prakash,Singh, Shweta Korea Information Processing Society 2013 Journal of information processing systems Vol.9 No.1

The paper presents a fuzzy based impulse noise filter for both gray scale and color images. The proposed approach is based on the technique of boundary discriminative noise detection. The algorithm is a multi-step process comprising detection, filtering and color correction stages. The detection procedure classifies the pixels as corrupted and uncorrupted by computing decision boundaries, which are fuzzified to improve the outputs obtained. In the case of color images, a correction term is added by examining the interactions between the color components for further improvement. Quantitative and qualitative analysis, performed on standard gray scale and color image, shows improved performance of the proposed technique over existing state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and color difference metrics. The analysis proves the applicability of the proposed algorithm to random valued impulse noise.