HOẠT ĐỘNG KINH TẾ TRUYỀN THỐNG CỦA CÁC TỘC NGƯỜI THIỂU SỐ TẠI CHỖ Ở ĐÔNG NAM BỘ - VIỆT NAM VÀ NHỮNG THAY

Huỳnh Ngọc Thu 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2016 국제문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

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Ca-Gd-Ce-Zr-Fe-O 계에서의 석류석 합성 연구

채수천(Soo-Chun Chae 1),장영남(Young-Nam Jang),배인국(In-Kook Bae),S.V. Yudintsev 대한자원환경지질학회 2005 자원환경지질 Vol.38 No.2

석류석 구조에서, 양이온이 점할 수 있는 구조적 위치는 사면체, 팔면체 및 이들과 능을 공유하고 있는 배위다면체의 중심 등이다. 이들 중, 사면체의 자리를 차지하는 양이온의 크기는 석류석의 단위포의 크기와 밀접한 관계를 가진 다. 따라서 4- 배위 자리에 비교적 이온반경이 큰 철을 함유하고 있는 석류석은 방사성 폐기물 내에 함유된 비교적 이온반경이 큰 악티나이드 원소를 고정시키기 위한 유망한 매트릭스로써 고려될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Ca 1.5 GdCe 0.5 ZrFeFe 3 O 12 인 조성을 가진 석류석을 합성하여 이들의 상평형 관계 및 특성을 연구하였다. 혼합된 시료는 200~400 kg/cm 2 의 압력으로 성형한 후, 1100~1400 o C 범위에서 온도 및 분위기를 변화시키면서 소결하였으며, 합성된 시료는 XRD 및 SEM/EDS 를 사용하여 상분석과 정량분석을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 석류석은 소결온도 1300 ℃에서 최적의 합성상을 얻을 수 있었지만, 미량의 페로브스카이트 및 미지의 상이 공존하였다. 석류석과 페로브스카이트의 화학조성은 각각 [Ca 1.2-1.8 Gd 0.9-1.4 Ce 0.3-0.5 ] VIII [Zr 0.8-1.3 Fe 0.7-1.2 ] VI [Fe 2.9-3.1 ] IV O 12 및 Ca 0.1-0.5 Gd 0.0-0.8 Ce 0.1-0.5 Zr 0.0-0.2 Fe 0.9-1.1 O 3 이었다. 특히 화학양론적 조성과 비교 시, 합성된 석류석의 8- 배위 자리를 점하고 있는 Ca 의 초과 및 Ce 의 결핍된 양상을 보였다. 이는 6- 배위 자리에서의 Zr 및 Fe 의 화학조성과 밀접한 관계를 지닌다. Structural sites which cations can occupy in garnet structure are centers of the tetrahedron, octahedron, and distorted cube sharing edges with the tetrahedron and octahedron. Among them, the size of cation occuping at tetrahedral site (the center of tetrahedron) is closely related with the size of a unit cell of garnet. Accordingly, garnet containing iron with relative large ionic radii in tetrahedral site can be considered as a promising matrix for the immobilization of the elements with large ionic radii, such as actinides in radioactive wastes. We synthesized several garnets with the batch composition of Ca 1.5 GdCe 0.5 ZrFeFe 3 O 12 , and studied their properties and phase relations under various conditions. Mixed samples were fabricated in a pellet form under a pressure of 200~400 kg/cm 2 and were sintered in the temperature range of 1100~1400 o C in air and under oxygen atmospheres. Phase identification and chemical analysis of synthesized samples were conducted by XRD and SEM/EDS. In results, garnet was obtained as the main phase at 1300 o C, an optimum condition in this system, even though some minor phases like perovskite and unknown phase were included. The compositions of garnet and perovskite synthesized from the batch composition of Ca 1.5 GdCe 0.5 ZrFeFe 3 O 12 were ranged [Ca 1.2-1.8 Gd 0.9-1.4 Ce 0.3-0.5 ] VIII [Zr 0.8-1.3 Fe 0.7-1.2 ] VI [Fe 2.9-3.1 ] IV O 12 and Ca 0.1-0.5 Gd 0.0-0.8 Ce 0.1-0.5 Zr 0.0-0.2 Fe 0.9-1.1 O 3 , respectively. Ca content was exceeded and Ce content was depleted in the 8-coordinated site, comparing to the initial batch composition. This phenomena was closely related to the content of Zr and Fe in the 6-coordinated site.

La migración coreana en Yucatán. Procesos de integración y movilidad social y geográfica

Claudia D1;vila Valdés 부산외국어대학교 이베로아메리카연구소 2015 이베로아메리카 Vol.17 No.2

A boat with just over a thousand Koreans arrived in 1905 in Yucatán. They were hired to work as laborers in 32 haciendas henequeneras located throughout the state. From a historical vision in which documentary, oral and bibliographic sources were used, this text aims to reveal the main characteristics of Korean immigration, analyzing the integration process and the social and geographical mobility experienced by Koreans throughout the twentieth century, including in the analysis the experiences of their descendants who are still living in Yucatan and more particularly in the town of Motul. The geographic dispersion, lack of Korean women and the absence of chain migration were some of the factors that turned particular this historical migration. Key Words: Koreans, Migration, Yucatan, Trajectories En 1905 llegó a Yucatán un barco con poco más de mil coreanos que fueron contratados para trabajar como jornaleros en 32 haciendas henequeneras distribuidas por todo el estado. Desde una visión histórica en la que se recurrió a fuentes documentales, orales y bibliográficas, este texto tiene el objetivo de desvelar las principales características de la migración coreana, analizando los proceso de integración, así como la movilidad social y geográfica que experimentaron los coreanos a lo largo del siglo XX, incluyendo en el análisis las vivencias de sus descendientes que aún se encuentran viviendo en Yucatán y más particularmente en el municipio de Motul. La dispersión geográfica, la falta de mujeres coreanas y la ausencia de una cadena migratoria fueron algunos de los factores que volvieron particular esta migración histórica. Palabras clave: Coreanos, Migración, Yucatán, Trayectorias, Motul

Off-site Dose Assessment during the Operational States of APR1400

Tarus Kiplabat1,김주열 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2019 방사선산업학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences (AOOs) of nuclear powerplants (NPPs) involves periodic or continuous release of solid, liquid, and gaseous radioactiveeffluents to the environment. In this study, gaseous and liquid effluents of Shin Kori unit 3, oneof Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) in Korea, were analyzed from 2016 to 2018 in orderto ensure compliances with regulations of Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC)for radioactive effluents releases. Meteorological data from Ulsan city area was applied forgaseous effluents. Doses for 80 km radius from the site, exclusion area boundary (EAB) and lowpopulation zone (LPZ) were considered. Doses to age groups and 14 body organs were studied viavarious pathways for gaseous and liquid effluents. Three computer codes were used; XOQDOQfor atmospheric dispersion and deposition, GASPAR for gaseous effluent doses and LADTAP forliquid effluents doses. Wind stability classification showed 2016 to be calmer than 2017 and 2018implying higher overall depositions and subsequent doses. Highest air beta and gamma absorbeddoses at EAB were 0.04 mGy·yr-1 and 0.003 mGy·yr-1, respectively, which were sufficiently lowerthan NSSC limits of 0.2 mGy·yr-1 and 0.1 mGy·yr-1, respectively. Children doses were highestat EAB and LPZ. Child effective dose at EAB was 0.02 mSv·yr-1 and skin equivalent dose was0.051 mSv·yr-1 which were below NSSC limits of 0.05 mSv·yr-1 and 0.15 mSv·yr-1, respectively. Effective dose from liquid effluents was highest to children at 0.01 mSv·yr-1 and equivalent dosesto any internal organ was 0.08 mSv·yr-1 for gastrointestinal lower large intestine which werebelow NSSC limits of 0.03 mSv·yr-1 and 0.1 mSv·yr-1, respectively. Consumption of invertebratesand algae were found to contribute highest doses. This study showed regulatory compliances ofgaseous and liquid effluents for Shin Kori unit 3 during its normal operations and anticipatedoperational occurrences.

중환자실 구성이 2009년 인플루엔자 A/H1N1 중증환자의 사망률에 미친 영향

조재화,이훈재,홍상범,서지영,박무석,김석찬,곽상현,이명구,임재민,이현경,고윤석,대한중환자학회h1n1연구회 대한중환자의학회 2012 Acute and Critical Care Vol.27 No.2

Background: During 2009 pandemic period, many Koreans were infected and admitted with Influenza A/H1N1. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the structures of an intensive care unit (ICU) were associated with the outcomes of critically ill patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study examined critically ill adult patients with influenza A/H1N1, who were admitted to 24 hospitals in Korea, from September 2009 to February 2010. We collected data of ICU structure, patients and 90 days mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, with backward elimination, were performed to determine the most significant risk factors. Results: Of the 239 patients, mortality of 90 days was 43%. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score (p < 0.001), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (p < 0.0001), nurse to beds ratio (p = 0.039) and presence of intensivist (p = 0.024) were significant risk factors of 90 days mortality. Age (p = 0.123), gender (p = 0.304), hospital size (p = 0.260), and ICU type (p = 0.409) were insignificantly associated with mortality. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients with less than 6 SOFA score had significantly lower mortality, compared with those with more than 10 SOFA score (odds ratio 0.156, p < 0.0001). The presence of intensivist had significantly lower mortality, compared with the absence (odds ratio 0.496, p = 0.026). Conclusions: In critically ill patients with influenza A/H1N1, the severity of the illness and presence of intensivist might be associated with 90 days mortality.

전립선비대증에 대한 Terazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin과 Finasteride병합요법의 임상경험

정동휘,박용일 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.8

갑상선 자극호르몬이 갑상선암세포의 VEGF, 신생혈관 형성, 성장, 침윤 및 전이에 미치는 영향

소의영,박희붕,김혜진,김현만<SUP>1<,SUP>,Euy Young Soh,M,D,Hee Boong Park,M,D,Hye Jin Kim,M,D,and Hyun Man Kim,M,D,<SUP>1<,SUP> 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2001 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.1 No.1

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a vascular endothelial cell specific mitogen and a major regulator of angiogenesis. VEGF secretion is activated in some thyroid cancers and that VEGF secretion is stimulated by TSH. So we postulated that TSH may promote growth and invasion in some thyroid cancers by stimulating VEGF secretion and angiogenesis. Methods and Results: We investigated the TSH effect for the VEGF secretion, endothelial cell proliferation and invasion in vitro with the primary cultured normal thyroid cell (NT-1) and thyroid cancer cell line (TPC-1). And to evaluate the relationship between TSH and VEGF, angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo, we xenografted human dermal matrix inoculated with thyroid cells into nude mice or directly injected subcutaneously. For the study, mice were made hypothyroid (Group 1) by antithyroid hormone p.o, hyperthyroid (Group 2) by L-thyroxine injection and euthyroid (Group 3). One week after the treatment, significant difference were noted in T3, T4 and TSH level between each group, but the VEGF level showed significant difference in group 1 only compared with group 2 and 3. NT-1 or TPC-1 were seeded in the upper chamber of Transwell and HUVEC were cultured in lower chamber, and added different concentration of TSH. NT-1 and TPC-1 secreted VEGF under basal condition, but the level were similar. TPC-1 cells secreted significantly more VEGF than NT-1 after TSH (1, 10, 100 mIU/dl) stimulation, which were also parallel with the concentration of TSH. In low concentration of TSH (0, 1 mIU/dl), there were no difference of HUVEC proliferation between NT-1 and TPC 1. In high concentration of TSH (10, 100 mIU/dl), however, TPC-1 enhanced HUVEC proliferation than NT-1 significantly (p<0.05). Similar findings were noted in thyroid cell invasion. Invasion was higher in TPC-1 than in NT-1 in high concentration of TSH (10, 100 mIU/dl). In vivo study using the dermal matrix showed that number of blood vessels ingrowth were higher in Group 1 (25/HPF) than Group 2 (16/HPF) or Group 3 (17/HPF). But there was no difference between Group 2 and Group 3. Level of TSH and VEGF were also increased significantly in Group 1 compared with in Group 2 and Group 3. The size of tumor did not showed significant difference between each group during observation. The tumor from Group 1 (6.2 gm) were larger compared with Group 2 (5.1 gm) or Group 3 (5.6 gm), but this difference was not significant statistically (p>0.05). The number of blood vessels in tumor were also more increased in Group 1 and were commonly located in the peripheral portion of tumor. Conclusion: We conclude that thyroid cancer cell line secrete the VEGF and TSH secretion is more enhanced by the stimulation of TSH. And increased VEGF promote the vascular endothelial cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in thyroid cancer. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2001; 1:51-60)

갑상선 결절에 동반된 퇴행성 낭종의 재발과 낭액내 VEGF의 관련성

조은호,박희붕,김현만<SUP>1<.SUP>,이관우<SUP>1<.SUP>,정윤석<SUP>1<.SUP>,소의영,Eun Ho Cho,M.D.,Hee Boong Park,K.D.,Hyun Man Kim,M.D.<SUP>1<.SUP>,Kwan Woo Lee,M.D.<SUP>1<.SUP>,Yun Suk Jung,M.D.<SUP>1<.SUP> and Euy Young 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2002 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.2 No.1

Purpose: VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor, increases vascular permeability and induces the fluid accumulation in the peritoneal and pleural cavities. This study is designed to know whether the VEGF concentration are associated with the formation of cystic fluid of thyroid nodules and the results of treatment. Methods: To know whether thyroid follicular cells produce VEGF, we measured the VEGF concentration in the conditioned medium after primary culture of the normal thyroid follicular cells (NT 1.0). Thirty seven patients, who had visited Ajou University Medical Center, were divided into two groups; group A (n=19) is patients whose cystic nodules disappeared completely with 1 or 2 times fine needle aspirations. In Group B (n=18), the cystic nodules recurred rapidly and required aspiration more than 3 times. Clinical records of patients were analyzed and compared with TSH and VEGF levels in cystic fluids. Results: The VEGF concentration in basal conditioned medium were 8.2⁑1.2 ng/ml in NT 1.0 and 8.2⁑0.6 ng/ml in thyroid cancer cell line (FTC-133). NT 1.0 was not affected by TSH stimulation. Mean concentration of TSH of all cystic fluids was 4.36μIU/ml (0.13∼21.7) and there was no difference between 2 groups. Mean concentration of VEGF of all cystic fluids was 140.7 ng/ml (11.1∼688.8). The VEGF concentration (287.9⁑289.6 ng/ml) in group B was significantly higher than that (104.2⁑97.1 ng/ml) in group A (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that thyroid follicular cells produce and secrete VEGF, and VEGF is related with the accumulation of cystic fluid in degenerative cysts of thyroid. Cysts with high VEGF concentration promote rapid reaccumulation of the cystic fluid and possibly necessitate operation in selected patients. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2002;2:25- 30)

THƠ VIẾT VỀ PHỤ NỮ TRONG BẮC HÀNH TẠP LỤC CỦA NGUYỄN DU

Đinh Th&#x1ecb; Khang 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2016 국제문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

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최신판례분석 : 지방자치단체(地方自治團體)에 대한 감독수단(監督手段)으로서 직권취소(職權取消)의 대상(對象) 및 위법성(違法性) 판단기준(判斷基準) - 대법원 2017. 3. 30. 선고 2016추5087 판결 -

정남철1 ( Nam-chul Chung ) 법조협회 2017 法曹 Vol.66 No.4

지방자치법 제169조 제1항의 해석에 의할 경우 시정명령 또는 직권취소의 대상은 `명령` 또는 `처분`이다. 대상판결에서 문제된 채용공고 그 자체만으로는 이러한 `명령` 또는 `처분`에 해당한다고 보기 어렵다. 또한 대법원은 명확한 논거를 제시하지 않고 지방자치법 제169조 제1항의 `처분` 개념을 행정소송법상 행정처분 개념보다 넓게 해석하는 오류를 범하고 있다. 이 사안에서 채용공고가 인사위원회의 의결을 통해 이루어졌다는 점에서 그 의결을 `처분`으로 판단하는 것이 해석상 바람직하다. 지방의원의 유급보좌관제 도입은 오랫동안 논란이 되었던 사안이다. 대상판결은 서울특별시의회 의원에 대해 유급보좌인력을 둘 수 있는 법적 근거가 논란이 되었다. 이 판결에서 대법원은 해당 채용공고가 지방자치법 제169조 제1항에 근거한 감독청의 직권취소 대상이 되는지를 판단하면서, 여기에 규정된 `처분`의 개념을 행정소송법상 처분개념과 구별하고 있다. 즉 채용공고를 항고소송의 대상인 처분으로 볼 수 없어 지방자치법 제169조 제1항에 규정된 `처분`의 개념을 확대해서 해석한 것이다. 그러한 이러한 해석은 근거가 충분하지 않으며, 지방자치법 제169조 제1항과 행정쟁송법상 처분 개념을 달리 해석할 아무런 이유가 없다. 지방의원의 유급보좌관제에 대해서는 견해대립이 있다. 지방의원의 전문성 제고를 위해 긍정적으로 평가하는 견해도 있으나, 지방의원의 비전문성을 확대하는 결과를 가져오고 재정적 부담을 줄 수 있다는 비판적 견해도 있다. 대상판결에서 적절히 지적하고 있는 바와 같이 지방의원의 유급보좌관제에 관한 법적 근거는 찾기 어렵다. 이에 대한 가장 바람직한 해법은 법률에서 이에 관한 근거 규정을 마련하는 것이고, 또한 그 위임을 통해 조례로 정하는 것이 정도(正道)이다. In the interpretation of Article 169, Paragraph 1 of the Local Autonomy Law of Korea, the object of correction order or cancellation is `order` or `adjudication`. It is difficult to say that the recruitment bulletin of the local government itself, which is the subject of the judgment, is equivalent to this `order` or `adjudication`. In addition, the Supreme Court of Korea does not present a clear argument and makes the mistake of broadly interpreting the concept of "adjudication" in Article 169, Paragraph 1 of the Local Autonomy Law, on the "administrative adjudication" concept under the Administrative Procedure Act. It is desirable to interpret this as "adjudication" because it was done through the resolution of the personnel committee. The introduction of a paid assistant to a local councilor has long been controversial. The court ruled that the legitimate grounds for appointing a resident assistant to a member of the Seoul Metropolitan Assembly were controversial. In this judgment, the Supreme Court distinguishes the concept of "adjudication" defined here from the concept of adjudication in the administrative litigation law, judging whether the job announce- ment is subject to the cancellation by the Authority under Article 169, Paragraph 1 of the Local Autonomy Act. In other words, the employment announcement cannot be regarded as a adjudication to be sued for an appeal, so the concept of `adjudication` prescribed in Article 169, Paragraph 1 of the Local Autonomy Act is enlarged and interpreted. Such interpretation is not sufficient and there is no reason to interpret the concept of disposition in Article 169 (1) of the Local Autonomy Act differently from the concept of adjudication in the Administrative Litigation Act. There is a lot of controversy about whether paid assistants for local councilors are allowed. There is also a critical opinion that the opinions of the local councilors can be positively evaluated to improve the professionalism of the local councilors, but it may result in the expansion of the non-professionalism of the local councilors and the financial burden. As pointed out in the ruling, it is difficult to find legal grounds for the provision of paid assistants for local councilors. The most desirable solution to this is to establish a provision on the basis of the law, and it is also desirable to which the ordinance is set by the mandate.