소석회와 CO₂를 이용한 상수관로의 부식제어(II) - 관종별 부식특성 평가

이두진,김영일,송영일,박현아,Lee, Doo-Jin,Kim, Young-Il,Song, Young-Il,Park, Hyun-A 대한상하수도학회 2008 상하수도학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The pH & alkalinity adjustment method by lime and carbon dioxide($CO_2$) for corrosion control in water distribution system was investigated to evaluate the corrosion characteristics of metal pipes, such as galvanized iron, copper, stainless steel, and carbon steel. When the pH in sand filtered and ozone+GAC treated water was increased with lime and $CO_2$ from 7.5 to 8.0, the concentration of residual chlorine decreased at higher pH and longer reaction time; the concentration of trihalomethane increased. The corrosion rate of coupons with corrosion control using lime and carbon dioxide was showed much smaller than those without corrosion control using pilot-scale simulated distribution system. The galvanized iron was corroded much faster than carbon steel, copper, and stainless steel. Especially, copper and stainless steel coupons were hardly corroded. The galvanized iron and carbon steel coupons with corrosion control were produced the corrosion products less than those without corrosion control by the results of environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDS) analyses. The galvanized iron coupon with pH and alkalinity adjustment by lime and carbon dioxide was detected about 30 percent of zinc, when the carbon steel was detected about 30 percent of calcium by calcium carbonate products formation. For the results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses, the goethite(${\alpha}$-FeOOH) was identified as primary corrosion product of galvanized iron without corrosion control, while the Zinc oxide(ZnO) was found on corrosion products of galvanized iron coupon with corrosion control as the results of EDS analyses. However, the carbon steel corrosion products regardless of corrosion control were composed predominantly of maghemite(${\gamma}-Fe_2O_3$) and hematite(${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$).

Three dimensional flow simulation and structural analysis on stiffness of fiber reinforced anisotropic parts

이두진,김명욱,김성륜,Seung Hwan Lee,윤재륜 한국유변학회 2010 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.22 No.2

Fiber orientation and micromechanics should be understood for exact prediction of physical properties and deformation of anisotropic composite parts which are generally treated as homogeneous materials for flow simulation and transversely isotropic materials for structural analyses. Fiber orientation has a significant effect on the mechanical properties and final shape of injection-molded parts. Fiber orientations in glass fiber (GF) reinforced PBT composites were observed by using a microtomography (Micro-CT) and the three dimensional CT results agreed with the prediction. Mechanical properties of the anisotropic composites were estimated by coupled three dimensional flow and structural analyses in which the micromechanics and the fiber orientation were considered spontaneously. In order to verify the coupled FE simulation results a theoretical model and a simple Representative Volume Element (RVE) model were employed. The coupled 3D analyses were in good agreement with the experimental data and the simple RVE model predicted higher stiffness than the experiments but lower stiffness than theoretical upper bound.

하수관거 정비사업의 새로운 시도와 과제

이두진,Lee, Du-Jin 한국상하수도협회 2006 한국상하수도협회지 Vol.15 No.-

자궁경부 상피내 종양과 침윤성 자궁경부암에서의 FHIT 단백 발현 소실

이봉규(Bong Gyu Lee),이종섭(Jong Seob Lee),이동혁(Dong Hyeok Lee),김미진(Mi Jin Kim),이영기(Young Gi Lee),박윤기(Yoon Kee Park),이두진(Doo Jin Lee),이승호(Sung Ho Lee) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.2

목적 : 자궁경부 전암성 병변과 침윤성 자궁경부암에서 Fhit 유전자의 소실 정도가 침윤성 자궁경부암의 다른 예후 인자와 어떤 관련이 있는지, 그리고 침윤성 자궁경부암으로의 진행을 조기에 예견하는데 도움이 되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 1997년 6월부터 2001년 2월까지 영남대학교 의과대학부속병원에서 자궁경부 전암성 병변 및 침윤성 자궁경부암으로 진단되어 치료를 받은 환자 91예의 파라핀 병리 표본을 이용, 절편을 만들어 탈파라핀과 함수과정을 거쳐 3% 과산화수소에서 작용시킨 후 microwave oven에서 처리하여 항원 노출을 극대화시켰다. 그 후 과산화 수소를 작용시켜 내인성 과산화 효소를 억제시킨 후 TBS 완충액으로 수세한 다음 단백질 차단제 (Zymed, USA)를 도포한 후 일차항체를 반응시켰다. Fhit 다클론 항체 (Zymed, USA)는 1 : 300으로 희석하여 상온에서 1시간 30분 동안 반응시킨 뒤 TBS로 수세하고 이차항체인 link antibody (LSAB kit DAKO, USA)를 37℃에서 30분간 부착시킨 후 TBS 완충액으로 3회 세척하고 Strepavidin-HRP (Zymed, USA)로 15분간 도포 하였다. 다시 TBS 완충액으로 세척한 다음 AEC로 발색시켜 10% Mayer's hematoxyline으로 대조 염색하여 세포질에 과립상의 진한 갈색으로 염색된 것을 양성으로 판독하였다. 면역 조직 염색된 표본은 염색의 강약과 염색된 부위의 넓이에 따라 점수를 준 후 서로 곱한 점수를 최종 점수로 하였는데 이를 편의상 Fhit 단백 발현 점수 (Fhit protein expression score)라 하였다. Denise 등 (2000)의 방법에 따라 Fhit 염색 점수가 1-3점은 Fhit 단백 발현이 소실되었다고 보았으며 4-9점은 Fhit 단백 발현이 있다고 보았다. 통계 처리는 x2test, Fisher's exact test를 이용하였다. 결과 : HSIL 33예 중 15예 (45.5%)가 Fhit 단백 발현 소실이 있었고 이는 LSIL의 Fhit 단백 발현 소실율 29.0%에 비해 높은 경향이 있었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 침윤성 편평 상피세포 자궁경부암의 77.8%에서 Fhit 단백 발현 소실이 있었고 이는 HSIL의 Fhit 단백 소실율 (45.5%)에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 세포 형태, 자궁경부암의 병기. 임파절 전이 유무, 암표지자, 방사선 치료 유무 등과 Fhit 단백 발현 소실 사이에는 서로 연관이 없었다. 그러나 종양의 크기에서는 종양의 크기가 4 cm 이하인 경우에서, 항암화학 요법에서는 항암화학 요법을 추가로 실시하지 않은 군에서, 침윤성 자궁경부암의 재발 유무에서는 재발하지 않은 군에서 각각 Fhit 단백 발현 소실이 유의하게 많았고 침윤성 자궁경부암이 재발한 군의 재발까지의 기간 (중앙값)도 Fhit 단백 발현 소실이 많았던 군에서 오히려 유의하게 길었다. 결론 : Fhit 단백 발현 소실 정도는 자궁 경부 전암성 병변 사이에는 서로 유의한 차이가 없었고 침윤성 자궁경부암의 경우 전암성 병변에 비해 유의하게 Fhit 단백 발현이 낮아 이들의 진단이나 침윤성 암으로의 진행을 아는데 도움이 될 것이나 Fhit 단백 발현 소실 정도를 침윤성 자궁경부암의 예후 인자로 이용하기에는 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요하고 보다 더 객관적이고 구체적인 Fhit 단백 발현 점수 측정법이 개발되어야 할 것으로 생각한다. Objective : The author evaluated the relationship between the loss of Fhit and prognostic factors of invasive cervical carcinomas. Methods : The formalin prepared tissue specimens of 64 CINs and 27 invasive cervical carcinomas patients diagnosed and treated at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Yeungnam university hospital from June 1977 to February 2001 were obtained. And then the tissue specimens were analysed & measured by immunohistochemical methods. Results : The loss of Fhit was significantly reduced in invasive cervical carcinomas compared to CINs. But we found there is no relationships between the loss of Fhit and prognostic factors, stage, tumor marker, lymphatic spread and radiation therapy of invasive cervical carcinomas. Conclusions : Although the loss of Fhit was not related to the precancerous lesion of cervix, we could confirm that the loss of Fhit was important in the progression of precancerous lesions to invasive cervical carcinomas.

관로,관망 : 장대관로의 적정 소독능 유지를 위한 재염소 운영방안

이두진 ( Doo Jin Lee ),이종민 ( Jong Min Lee ),임재림 ( Jae Lim Lim ),이경혁 ( Kyung Hyuk Lee ),손진식 ( Jin Sik Sohn ) 대한상하수도학회 2005 공동추계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

균일 예혼합 연소를 적용한 코먼레일 엔진의 연소 및 배기특성

이두진(Doo Jin Lee),김명윤(Myung Yoon Kim),노현구(Hyun Gu Roh),김대식(Dae Sik Kim),이제형(Je Hyung Lee),이창식(Chang Sik Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

An experimental study on homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion in combination with direct fuel injection was conducted using a single cylinder common-rail diesel engine. To improve the homogeneity of fuel-air mixture, the premixed fuel (gasoline) was injected into premixing chamber with high pressure and the combustion of directly injected diesel fuel was promoted ignition of the gasoline mixture in the combustion chamber. The experimental results show that soot emissions dramatically were decreased with the increase in fuel premixing ratio, however incomplete products (i.e. HC and CO) of combustion increased as the premixed ratio was increased. Earlier injection of diesel fuel promoted the stability of combustion with decreased NO and soot.

소형 코먼레일 디젤 엔진에서의 조기 분사가 연소 및 배기특성에 미치는 영향

이두진(Doo Jin Lee),김명윤(Myung Yoon Kim),윤승현(Seung Hyun Yoon),노현구(Hyun Gu Roh),이제형(Je Hyung Lee),이창식(Chang Sik Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

An experimental investigation of early injection were conducted on a small single cylinder common-rail diesel engine to reduce NOx emission. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the emissions, performance ad combustion characteristics of partially homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion. The two stage injection was conducted to reduce wall-wetting of early injected spray on the cylinder wall and to promote the ignition of premixed charge. The engine test was performed at conditions of 1500rpm, injection timing ranging from TDC to BTDC 80˚. The experimental results show that NOx emissions of early injection and two stage injection decreased than conventional diesel injection combustion (near TDC injection), but soot, incomplete products (i.e. HC ad CO) are slightly increased. Also, the second injection near TDC promoted the ignition of premixed fuel, therefore, IMEP was increased.

장대관로의 적정 소독능 유지를 위한 재염소 운영방안

이두진 ( Doo Jin Lee ),이종민 ( Jong Min Lee ),임재림 ( Jae Lim Lim ),이경혁 ( Kyung Hyuk Lee ),손진식 ( Jin Sik Sohn ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2005 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2005 No.-

산화 스트레스에 대한 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙의 보호효과

이두진(Doo-Jin Lee),이진하(Jin-Ha Lee),이옥환(Ok-Hwan Lee),김보경(Boh-Kyung Kim),박건영(Kun-Young Park),김종대(Jong-Dai Kim) 한국식품과학회 2015 한국식품과학회지 Vol.47 No.4

본 연구에서는 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙을 다양한 실험을 통하여 산화방지 활성을 측정하였다. DPPH 라디칼, NO, O₂?, ·OH 라디칼 소거능 실험을 이용하여 유기농 및 일반농 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙의 산화방지 활성을 측정해 본 결과, 모든 시료군에서 높은 라디칼 소거 활성이 나타났다. 또한, 산화적 스트레스에 민감한 LLC-PK₁ 세포를 이용하여 유기농 및 일반농 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙의 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 살펴본 결과, 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙은 AAPH, SNP, 파이로갈롤과 SIN-1에 의해 유발된 산화적 스트레스(NO, O₂?와 ONOO?)에 대한 세포 생존율을 증가시키고, 지질과산화를 억제시켜 라디칼에 의한 산화적 스트레스에 대한 개선 효과가 뛰어난 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과로부터 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙은 우수한 산화방지 활성과 지질과산화 개선 효과를 나타내어 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙으로부터 산화방지 영양소를 충분히 섭취하는 것이 산화적 손상과 관련된 질병을 예방하는 좋은 방법이 될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the protective effects of Angelica keiskei juice and Oenanthe javanica juice against oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells and to evaluate their free radicalscavenging activities. Both A. keiskei juice and O. javanica juice showed a strong in vitro antioxidant activities such as α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), O₂?, and ·OH radical-scavenging activities. The LLC-PK₁ cells showed significant lipid peroxidation and cell death due to oxidative stress when it was induced by 2, 2’-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), pyrogallol, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). Treatment with both A. keiskei juice and O. javanica juice significantly increased cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that A. keiskei juice and O. javanica juice are potential natural antioxidants.

육종양 변화를 일으킨 재발성 난소과립막 세포종양

이주옥 ( Ju Ok Lee ),이정주 ( Jung Ju Lee ),이대형 ( Dae Hyung Lee ),김미진 ( Min Jin Kim ),이두진 ( Doo Jin Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.55 No.7

Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are malignancies that originate from the sex-cord stromal cells of the ovary and represent 2% to 5% of all ovarian cancers. Slow growth with a tendency for late recurrence characterizes a natural history of this tumor. So this tumor needs a prolonged follow-up. As a result of recent literature in Korea, the findings are 3 cases of juvenile granulosa cell tumor and 1 case of adult granulosa cell tumor, Previous case of adult granulosa cell tumor was presented recurrence with hepatic metastasis after 9 months of first diagnosis and operation, We describe here a 52-year-old women with recurrent granulosa cell tumor after total abdominal hysterectomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy and left ovarian wedge resection because of right ovarian granulosa cell tumor 12 years ago. Our case presented late recurrence character of granulosa cell tumor. We report 1 case of recurrent adult type granulosa cell tumor associated sarcomatoid change with a brief review of literatures.