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이성범(Sung Bum Lee),윤여민(Yeo Min Yoon),최창규(Chang Kyoo Choi),정진욱(Jin Wook Jung),이용우(Yong Woo Lee),박세용(Se Yong Park),김문일(Moon Il Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.9
액체섬광계수기(LSC)를 이용한 극미량의 14C-NDMA의 측정과 이를 이용해 활성탄 흡착 처리 가능성을 알아보았다. 14C-NDMA를 측정하기 위한 시료와 섬광용액은 10:10의 혼합비율로 10분의 측정 시간으로 99.9%의 상관성과 재현성을 보이며 1 ng/L까지의 측정이 가능하였으며, S-A(Sigma-Aldrich co.)와 Dj(Daejung co.)의 분말활성탄을 이용하여 흡착 처리한 결과, 50∼10,000 mg/L의 분말활성탄을 주입하여 90% 이상의 흡착처리가 가능함을 보였다. 또한 S-A가 Dj보다 흡착능이 약 2배 높게 나타났지만, NDMA의 흡착력이 다른 아민 계열의 물질보다 현저하게 낮아 요구되는 분말활성탄의 농도가 높게 요구되었다. Since the difficulty of analysis at low concentration and the uncertainty of the removal mechanism for Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) have been reported, this study has detected extremely low concentration 14C-NDMA using the LSC(Liquid Scintillation Counter) and tested NDMA removal by Powdered Activated Carbon(PAC). The results showed the highest correlation over 99% when samples were measured with the mixture ratio of sample to scintillation liquid of 10:10 and at the detection time of 10 min. For 14C-NDMA removal by the PACs(S-A(Sigma-Aldrich co.) and Dj(Daejung co.)) raging from 50∼10,000 mg/L, 14C-NDMA was removed over 90% by adsorption treatment. In addition, S-A showed twice greater adsorption capacity than that of Dj. However, the required PAC amount for 14C-NDMA removal was higher than that of other amine compounds.
UV Absorbance Ratio Index with Size Exclusion Chromatography (URI-SEC) as an NOM Property Indicator
윤여민(Yeo Min Yoon),허남국(Nam Guk Her),Gary Amy 대한환경공학회 2006 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.12
An advanced approach is presented for identifying and characterizing biopolymers of natural organic matter (NOM) in water samples. It involves a simple method based on a ratio of peak heights of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) chromatograms based on ultraviolet absorbance (UVA) at 210 nm and 254 nm. The HPSECsystem eliminates inorganic interferences and makes it possible to obtain ratio values associated with organic components as a function of molecular weight (MW). Certain biopolymers show a distinctive ultraviolet absorbance ratio index (URI, UVA(210)/UVA(254)) because they contain different compositional proportions of UV-absorbing functional groups and sp2-hybridized carbon. URI values were found to be the lowest for humic acids (1.59 for a humic acid, highest aromaticity), intermediate for fulvic acids (1.88for a fulvic acid, intermediate aromaticity), and highest for proteins (13.50 for BSA, lowest aromaticity). URI increases with eutrophication of natural waters by the increase of microbially derived components that have a high functional group proportion with a low sp2-hybridized carbon, and increases with ozonation by the cleavage of unsaturated bonds (decrease in unsaturated bonds and increase in functional group proportions).
분말활성탄을 이용한 극미량 농도 Nitrosomethylamine의 흡착 제거
이성범,윤여민,최창규,김문일,Lee. Sung-Bum,Yoon. Yeo-Min,Choi. Chang-Kyoo,Kim. Moon-Il 한국방재학회 2008 한국방재학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.1
Recently, the results of vital tissue test showed that nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a disinfection by-product (DBP), could be regarded as a carcinogen because a tumor was observed in organs. U.S.EPA indicated 0.7 ng/L as exposure concentration of NDMA based on a risk assessment target with a lifetime cancer risk of <TEX>$10^{-6}$</TEX>. Several recent studies have shown that UV oxidation could remove NDMA. However, UV oxidation is uneconomical and can reform NDMA after treating. In addition, the treatment mechanism of adsorption has not been founddue to the uncertainty of NDMA pathway. In addtion, NDMA has a radioisotope <TEX>$^{14}C$</TEX>-labeled which can be analyzed at low concentration of NDMA by Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC). This study has investigated NDMA determination using LSC at an extremely low range from 1 to 100 ng/L and NDMA removal by powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption. For <TEX>$^{14}C$</TEX>-NDMA by LSC, the highest correlation over 99% between count number and NDMA concentrationwas obtained with possibility of <TEX>$^{14}C$</TEX>-NDMA concentration up to 1 ng/L. In the presence of PAC ranging from 50 to 10,000 mg/L, <TEX>$^{14}C$</TEX>-NDMA was removed from 18% to 97% for Sigma-Aldrich corporation (S-A co.) and from 9% to 93% by PAC for Daejung corporation (Dj co.). Hence it was found that the removal efficiency by PAC adsorption could vary depending on PAC types from different companies. For PAC adsorption capacity of <TEX>$^{14}C$</TEX>-NDMA using the Freundlich isotherm, <TEX>$K_f$</TEX> and 1/n of PAC from S-A co. were <TEX>$2.67\times10^{-3}$</TEX> ng/mg and 1.009, while those of PAC from Dj co. were <TEX>$1.30\times10^{-3}$</TEX> ng/mg and 0.994, respectively. Thus, PAC from S-A co. showed twice higher adsorption capacity than Dj co.
Ultrasound와 Pulsed UV 조사시 $H_{2}O_{2}$ 발생량과 보조제 주입시 bisphenol A, 17${\beta}$-estradiol의 제거에 대한 연구
한종훈,이성재,윤여민,허남국,Han, Jongh-Hun,Lee, Sung-Jae,Yoon, Yeo-Min,Her, Nam-Guk 대한상하수도학회 2012 상하수도학회지 Vol.26 No.2
This study investigated the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and 17${\beta}$-estradiol (E2) using ultrasound (US) and pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) in water. The removal efficiency of BPA and E2 was determined as a function of generating power and $H_{2}O_{2}$ production. The ultrasound and PUV irradiation of the aqueous solution was performed in 3 L and 90 L stainless reactor at a constant temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ with an applied power of 200 W and 2000 W, respectively. The removal of BPA and E2 by US and PUV varied with catalysts. The experiments were conducted under the following conditions: total operating time, 30 min; initial concentration, 1 uM. In the case of E2 (10 min), % removal was 92.5/95.8/87.6/82.4, while % removal of BPA (10 min) was 62.3/82.3/91.1/67.0/64.3 in various conditions (PUV, $PUV+H_2O_2$, PUV+wire mesh, $PUV+TiO_2$ coated wire mesh), respectively.
HPLC-MS/MS를 이용한 Bisphenol A 분석 및 초음파에 의한 분해 특성 조사
박종성(Jong Sung Park),윤여민(Yeo Min Yoon),허남국(Nam Guk Her) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.6
본 연구는 극미량의 BPA 분석법을 정립하기 위하여 HPLC-MS/MS를 이용한 BPA 분석 조건을 개발하였고, 초음파를 이용한 BPA의 분해 특성을 조사하였다. HPLC-MS/MS에 의한 BPA의 MDL과 LOQ는 각각 0.13 nM과 1.3 nM로 조사되었는데, 이는 기존의 HPLC-UV (MDL: 81.1 nM, LOQ: 811 nM) 및 FLD (MDL: 4.6 nM, LOQ: 46 nM) 보다 약 620배 및 35배 우수하였으며, U.S. EPA의 음용수 권고기준(1.53 μM 혹은 350 ㎍/ℓ)의 약 1,180배 이하까지 정량분석이 가능하였다. 초음파 조사에 따른 BPA의 분해효율은 저주파(28 kHz)를 제외한 중?고주파 조건(580 and 1000 kHz)에서 반응 30분 이내에 95%이상 제거되었다. 특히 BPA의 분해효율 및 k1의 결과는 580 kHz에서 가장 우수하였는데, 이는 580 kHz 근처의 주파수 영역에서 최적의 초음파 공동현상 및 열분해/산화분해가 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 0.01 mM의 CCl₄를 첨가하여 분해효율을 측정한 결과 30분 이내에 BPA 초기농도(1 μM)의 98% 이상까지 제거되었으며, 반응 초기(5분)와 후기(30분)의 k1값은 무첨가 반응에 비해 각각 1.4배 및 1.1배씩 증가하였다. 10 mM의 t-BuOH이 첨가된 결과 무첨가 반응에 비해 약 60% 이상 BPA 분해효율이 감소한 것을 감안할 때 BPA의 주된 초음파 기전은 OH 라디칼에 의한 산화분해임을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 t-BuOH이 첨가된 반응시간 동안(30분) 약 33%의 BPA가 분해가 일어난 것은 OH 라디칼 뿐 아니라 열분해 및 기타 라디칼등에 의한 분해가 진행되었을 것으로 판단된다. The optimal conditions for the analysis of BPA by HPLC-MS/MS was investigated and the ultrasound degradation capacity of the BPA, with the goal to establish the proper directions for analyzing infinitesimal quantities of BPA by HPLC-MS/MS was examined. The MDL and LOQ of BPA analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS were measured 0.13 nM and 1.3 nM respectively, its sensitivity about 620 and 32 times greater than HPLC-UV (MDL: 81.1 nM, LOQ: 811 nM) and FLD (MDL: 4.6 nM, LOQ: 46 nM). In other words, the new method enables the analysis of BPA with the accuracy up to one 1,180th of the amount specified in U.S. EPA guideline for drinking water. Degradation rate of BPA by ultrasound measured over 95% under 580 kHz and 1000 kHz frequency within 30 minutes of treatment, whereas the rate showed some decrease at 28 kHz frequency. At 580 kHz of ultrasound has proven to be the most effective among others at degradation rate and k1 value, so we concluded that this frequency of ultrasound creates hospitable condition for the combined process of degradation by pyrolysis and oxidization. With the addition of 0.01 mM of CCl₄, BPA with the initial concentration of 1 μM was degraded by more than 98% within 30 minutes, the k1 value measured 5 minutes and 30 minutes into the experiment both showed increases by 1.4 and 1.1 times, respectively, compared with BPA without CCl₄. It is also found that the main degradation mechanism of BPA by ultrasound is oxidization process by OH radical, based on the fact that the addition of 10 mM of t-BuOH decreased the rate of BPA degradation by around 60%. However, 33% of BPA degradation rate obtained with the addition of t-BuOH implies further degradation done by pyrolysis or other sorts of radical beside OH radical.
NF막을 이용한 EDCs, PhACs, PCPs 물질의 제거 특성 평가
장혜원 ( Hyue Won Jang ),박찬혁 ( Chan Hyuk Park ),홍승관 ( Seung Kwan Hong ),윤여민 ( Yeo Min Yoon ),정진영 ( Jin Young Jung ),정윤철 ( Yun Chul Chung ) 대한상하수도학회 2007 상하수도학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Reports of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), and personal care products (PCPs) have raised substantial concern in important potable drinking water quality issues. Our study investigates the removal of EDCs, PhACs, and PCPs of 10 compounds having different physico-chemical properties (e.g., molecular weight, and octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow)) by nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The rejection of micropollutants by NF membranes ranged from 93.9% to 99.9% depending on solute characteristics. A batch adsorption experiments indicated that adsorption is an important mechanism for transport/removal of relatively hydrophobic compounds, and is related to the octanol-water partition coefficient values. The transport phenomenon associated with adsorption may also depend on solution water chemistry such as pH and ionic strength influencing the pKa value of compounds. In addition, it was visually seen that the retention was somewhat higher for the larger compounds based on their molecular weight. These results suggest that the NF membrane retains many organic compounds due to both hydrophobic adsorption and size exclusion mechanisms.