국민참여형 국가연구개발사업의 의미와 한계: X-프로젝트 사례를 중심으로

박성원,진설아,Park, Seongwon,Jin, Seola 기술경영경제학회 2016 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.24 No.4

이 연구는 국가연구개발사업에 국민을 참여시킨 X-프로젝트를 분석, 국민이 국가연구개발사업에 적극적인 관심을 갖게 하는 과정과 실제적 참여, 그리고 사회적 효과와 한계는 무엇인지 논의한다. X-프로젝트는 2015년 12명의 민간 위원이 추진하고 미래창조과학부가 후원하며 과학기술정책연구원이 지원한 사업이다. 국민은 일상에서 겪는 아픔이나 문제를 반영한 6,212개의 질문을 제기했으며, X-프로젝트 위원, 학계와 출연연 전문가, 정부정책담당자가 모여 50개 질문으로 국민의 요청을 연구과제화하고 연구팀을 공모했다. 대학, 정부출연연 연구자뿐 아니라 고등학생, 대학원생, 일반인, 기업인 포함 310개 연구팀이 신청했고 최종 54개 연구팀이 선정됐다. X-프로젝트 참여자, 비참여자 및 전문가 인터뷰 등을 통해 이 연구는 첫째, 국민참여형 국가 연구개발 사업의 필요성과 의미에 대해 광범위한 사회적 공감대를 발견했다. 대중의 아픔, 불편을 해결하기 위한 과학기술 연구의 필요성은 물론 이 연구에 대중의 직접 참여가 가능함을 발견했다. 둘째, 시민들이 생산한 지식이 전문가들의 시각에서도 유용하다는 발견이다. 전문 연구자들은 국민이 제기한 질문이 매우 참신하고 유용하다고 평가했다. 셋째, 국민참여형 국가연구개발 사업의 실행으로 시민들이 과학기술 발전의 수혜자가 아닌 발전에 기여하는 주체로 생각할 수 있는 기회를 인식했다는 발견이다. 그러나 국민의 참여를 지속적으로 이끌어 낼 수 있는 다양한 동기 부여, 국가 연구개발 사업의 아이디어 제기부터 연구에 이르는 전과정에 쉽게 참여할 수 있는 방법의 개선, 일반인 연구자와 전문 연구자가 협업할 수 있는 방법 및 제도의 개선은 앞으로의 과제로 지적되었다. The paper investigates X-project, in which the public was invited to participate in a national R&D project, examines how X-project attracted the public's attention and involved them in a national R&D project, and discusses the significance and limitations of X-project. X-project was executed by a 12 citizen-led committee, financially supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, and backed by the Science and Technology Policy Institute. People raised 6,212 questions that reflected the severe needs they experienced in their daily lives through the online and offline platforms of X-project. In addition, the committee members, scholars, experts, government officials, and citizens gathered together to select the fifty most provocative and novel of the questions raised by the public, and invited public participation to answer the questions in innovative ways. 310 research teams including professional researchers from universities and institutes, high-school students, lay persons, and corporate workers applied for X-project, and 54 of these teams were finally selected to receive funding from the government. Through planning and conducting X-project, as well as interviewing and surveying the participants in X-project and non-participants, we found that there was an enormous social consensus on the necessity of public participatory national R&D projects. People asserted that science and technology should put a greater focus on solving social problems and satisfying public needs. We also confirmed that the public could take part in national R&D projects. Most of all, we found that the questions raised by the public were very challenging, novel, and complex, and thus researchers need break-through approaches to address them. It can be also argued that through experiencing the X-project citizens can regard themselves as ones who are not only recipients of the benefits of the development of science and technology, but also contributors of the development of them. We finally argue that there are some limitations to X-project in terms of how to provide diverse incentives that attract more participation, how to develop the process in which people got involved in the project in more easy ways, and how to create new ways for lay persons and professional researchers to cooperate in solving social problems.

한국인의 미래 인식, 사회분위기, 미래 적응력 조사 (3차년도)

박성원(Seongwon Park),진설아(Seola Jin),황윤하(YunHa Hwang),조규진(Kujin Cho),송민(Min Song) 과학기술정책연구원 2015 조사연구 Vol.- No.-

미래연구 선진국의 미래연구 유형과 정책과정 적용방안 연구

박성원(Seongwon Park),송영조(Young-Jo Song) 미래학회 2019 미래연구 Vol.4 No.2

미래연구에서 앞선 나라들에서 시행한 미래연구를 시민광장, 비전형, 우선순위, 혁신형 등 네 가지 유형으로 분류할 수 있다. 각국의 미래연구를 네 가지 유형으로 분류하면, 시민광장형은 스웨덴, 싱가포르이며 비전형은 프랑스, 독일, 일본이다. 우선순위형은 영국, 캐나다이며 혁신형은 미국, 핀란드로 분석되었다. 시민광장형 미래예측의 특징은 목표는 있으나 실행 각론이 부족한 사회에 효과적이며 정책에서 놓친 부분을 찾는데도 유효하다. 비전형 미래예측의 특징은 협상이 중시되는 다중심 사회에서 효과적이며 정책기획의 출발점으로서의 역할을 할 수 있다. 우선순위형 미래예측의 특징은 다양한 갈등이 혼재된 사회에 효과적이며 구체적인 정책으로 연결될 수 있는 장점이 있다. 혁신형 미래예측의 특징은 혁신적 성장의 아이디어를 찾거나 전례 없는 정책적 대안을 모색하는 데 효과적이다. 이와 같이 네 가지 미래연구의 유형을 통합적인 관점에서 활용해 볼 수 있다. 시민광장에서 혁신까지 네 가지 미래연구 유형은 정책의 구상부터 보완까지 대응된다. 이를 활용할 경우, 미래연구의 목적과 방법에 따라 다양한 조합으로 미래연구를 수행할 수 있을 것이다. The four types of futures research of governments in advanced countries can be classified into agora, vision, priority and innovation types. Agora-type is Sweden, Singapore, vision type is France, Germany and Japan. The priority- type is Britain, Canada, and the innovation-type was analyzed as the United States and Finland. The characteristics of the agora-type are effective in a society that has a social goal but lacks an actionable agenda and effective in finding missing policy agenda. The characteristics of vision-type is effective in a multi-core society where negotiations are valued and can serve as a starting point for policy planning. The characteristics of a priority-type is effective in a society with mixed conflicts and is able to lead to more specific policies. The characteristics of an innovative type is effective in finding ideas for economic development and in exploring policy alternatives. Consequently, the four types of future research can be used from an integrated perspectives. The four types of future research, from agora to innovation, are matched from conception to supplementation for policy setting. In this way, if future research is carried out in each policy step, it will be applied by integrating future research carried out by advanced governments. It also offers good implications for the government’s future research plans.

트랜스휴먼 시대에 따른 미래직업세계 연구

박성원(Seongwon Park),박가열,최영순,진설아(Seola Jin),황윤하,홍성민(Seongmin Hong) 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study is to present a process by which we can forecast how the world of work will change with the development of technologies. Generally, studies discussing changes in technologies and works have been considered the effect of technologies on an increase or decrease in the number of jobs and the effect of technologies on worker duties. Studies forecasting an increase or decrease in the number of jobs assert that technologies will advance a specific industry, creating new demand for employment; or, that technologies replace a certain job, reducing the number of workers required. Meanwhile, studies emphasizing a change in one"s duties focus on which types of work technologies are causing a change rather than the replacement of jobs by technologies. Those studies present what could be described as an optimistic view regarding technological advancement, in which people are able to do their work more safely and under better conditions by using technologies. We assert that technologies gain a certain social direction through the interaction between the technologies and society, and such preceding studies lack a perspective regarding the change in works required as a result. The methods through which technologies are used vary based on region, culture and social needs. For example, while the Facebook social network is used in the US as a means of finding old friends or establishing new social relations, it has been used in the Middle East and North Africa to organize or spread protests against the government. In order to forecast how work will change with the development of technologies, we believe that following notions should be considered: 1) technologies are the means to realize certain norms and public values in a society; 2) and it is necessary to understand which vision of the future the society imagines and how this vision evolves. This is because it is only possible to forecast the new changes in jobs or duties demanded by society in a wider social context when the desired image of the future society can be forecasted. Based on this assumption, we will discuss the fact that the 4th Industrial Revolution-related technologies debated indepth in our society are aiming at the transhuman society, and what changes in works and duties can be expected as a result.

국민 과학마인드 제고 방안 수립

박성원(Seongwon Park),김지현(Ji Hyun Kim),강경균(Kyoung-kyoon Kang),김영만(Young Mann Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

The recent discussion on the arrival of the 4th Industrial Revolution represented by technological breakthroughs such as AI, robotics, 3-D printing, nanotechnology, and autonomous vehicles has raised a fundamental question on what are the essential qualities necessary for a society and an individual to survive and successfully adjust into the new era that will transform the world in a speed and scale unlike anything humankind has ever experienced before. Amongst many, this study focuses on the "scientific mind" as a critical and key competency that society needs to foster in its mindset and culture in order to enjoy as well as hold a competitive edge in the unforeseen future. What is a scientific mind? The term and idea is evidently not new. However, the research project finds that its definition, constituting elements, and application has evolved throughout generations and are understood and practiced differently among various cultures and nations. Based on literature reviews, analysis of international case studies, survey of the educational system, and numbers of expert panel discussions, the research project examines the Korean society"s past and present understanding of the scientific mind while offering a new definition and measurement criteria, which takes international standards into account. The study also includes a PR/communication plan with analysis, strategies and programs that can be immediately applied into real-life. Lastly, the research draws recommendations for the government on science and technology policies, calling for implementation of a more participative, upstream, and action-oriented public engagement that stimulates and cultivates the scientific mind - a necessity for a mature and sustainable society.

농사용 전기에너지 수요에 관한 연구* -벼농가의 전기수요를 중심으로-

박성원(Seongwon Park),유도일(Do-il Yoo) 한국농식품정책학회 2016 농업경영정책연구 Vol.43 No.3

The agricultural use of electrical energy consumption keeps increasing due to its relatively lower price than those of oil, gas, and electrical energy uses in other fields. For its efficient allocation, it is necessary to investigate the current electrical energy uses in the field of agriculture. This study focuses on estimating the demand functions for agricultural uses of electrical energy. Using electricity- and oil- prices, demographic variables, and climate factors considering seasonality, we develop a pooled OLS model, a panel random effect model, and a quantile regression model with the application of Korean rice farm. Results show that estimated signs for most determinants have expected signs consistent with economic theories. Especially, results from quantile regression models demonstrate that price elasticities are monotonically decreasing as rice farms use more electrical energy, suggesting implications for policy makers concerning efficient electrical energy uses in agriculture, such as electricity price differentiation.

미래학의 미래를 위한 10가지 도전과제

박성원(Seongwon Park) 미래학회 2016 미래연구 Vol.1 No.1

이 논문은 미래학이 하나의 분과 학문으로 등장한 1960년대 이래 미래학이 진전시킨 것을 살펴보고 또 앞으로 도전해야 할 주제와 방향도 논의한다. 이를 위해 미래학계의 최초 저널이자 대표 저널인 Futures의 창간호부터 지금까지(1969-2016년) 발표된 논문을 분석했다. 미래학의 미래(future, futures studies), 미래학의 비전(vision), 미래학 패러다임의 변화(paradigm, shift), 미래학의 도전과제(challenge) 등을 키워드로 넣어 논의 주제와 관련 성이 높은 36편의 논문을 분석했고, 10가지의 진전과 10가지 도전과제를 정리할 수 있었다. The article investigates what futures studies has achieved since the field of futures studies launched in the 1960s and explores what futures studies has to pursue in order to develop its academic field. For conducting this project, we reviewed the journal Futures from 1968 to 2016 and found 10 achievements of futures studies: from art to science; from forecasting to backcasting; institutionalizing futures studies; from controlling change to dancing with change; from trends to emerging issues; initiating future generations studies; decolonizing futures; from forecasting tech to forecasting its influence; underlying ethical futures; and, enriching understanding about uncertainty. Furthermore, we found 10 challenges that futures studies should tackle for a better future: from evidence-based to transition; from national foresight to foresight for humankind; from utilitarian to emancipatory; from social change to emotional change; from Western to East Asian; whose preferable futures; more reflecting voices of the minority; from limited to inclusive foresight; Improving methodological and theoretical axioms; and, avoiding foresight sclerosis.

트랜스휴머니즘 부상에 따른 과학기술 정책이슈의 탐색

박성원(Seongwon Park),최종화(Jonghwa Choi),진설아(Seola Jin),이주영(Juyoung Lee),김은아(Eun-a Kim),김정현(Jeonghyeon Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

탄탈륨 집합조직 발달에 대한 교차압연의 영향

강전연 ( Jun-yun Kang ),박성원 ( Seongwon Park ),박준영 ( Jun Young Park ),박성준 ( Seong-jun Park ),송이화 ( Yi-hwa Song ),박성택 ( Sung-taek Park ),김광련 ( Gwang-lyeon Kim ),오경원 ( Kyeong-won Oh ) 한국열처리공학회 2018 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.31 No.6

Two different modes of rolling were applied to control the texture development in tantalum sheet. In the conventional uni-directional rolling, the typical rolling textures of a body-centered cubic metal which was primarily composed of <110>//(rolling direction) was developed. In a cross rolling where the specimen was rotated by 90o between each pass, the rotated cube components, i.e. {100}<011> were greatly reinforced. The prediction of lattice rotation by the full-constraint Taylor model showed that the high stability and the symmetry of the rotated cube components caused their strengthening in cross-rolling. The two specimens were heated to 1,100℃ at 9℃/ min and held for 1 hour for annealing, then cooled to room temperature in atmosphere. In spite of the significant difference in the deformation textures, the annealing textures were very similar. They developed strong <111>// (plane normal) components with negligible intensity at the rotated cube components, which was attributed to the negligible capability of the latter components to provide effective recrystallized grains. (Received September 10, 2018; Revised October 11, 2018; Accepted October 17, 2018)

과학기술기반 미래연구사업 Ⅸ

박병원(Byeongwon Park),서지영(Jiyoung Suh),홍성주(Sungju Hong),박성원(Seongwon Park),윤정현(Junghyun Yoon),최수민(Sumin Choi),김선지(Sunji Kim),진설아(Sula Jin),홍창의(Chang Ui Hong),정다예(Daye Jeong) 과학기술정책연구원 2017 조사연구 Vol.- No.-