공공서비스의 이질성 정도에 따른 고객마족혀엉과정 차이에 관한 연구

김영구,김경환,하영철,Kim, Young-Ku,Kim, Kyoung-Hwan,Ha, Young-Chul 한국마케팅과학회 2001 마케팅과학연구 Vol.8 No.-

Many customer satisfaction studies have accepted the confimation/disconfirmation paradigm, but the findings as the antecedents of consumer satisfaction are mixed. So rather than asking whether or not there is a direct effect of a certain variable on satisfaction, it is necessary asking when does a certain variable have a direct effect on satisfaction. According to this result, we assume that the situation has a direct effect on satisfaction. So this study has investigated the moderating role of perceived heterogeneity as a unit of situation, in the process of customer satisfaction formation, especially on public service. We have found such thing as follows. 1) situation has an effect on customer satisfaction. 2) perceived heterogeneity of the customers, as a situation variable, lets the process of their satisfaction formation differ. 3) through these studies, the confirmation/disconfirmation paradigm are able to extend on public services.

구강안면동통환자에 대한 전기침 자극요법의 임상효과에 관한 연구

김영구,이승우,정성창,Kim, Young-Ku,Lee, Sung-Woo,Chung, Sung-Chang The Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medi 2000 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.25 No.1

구강안면 동통중 가장 대표적인 측두하악장애를 치료하는데 있어 전기침 자극요법이 갖는 임상적 치료효과를 평가하기 위하여 측두하악장애 환자군을 환자에 대한 교육 및 온습포를 시행하는 자가치료 환자군, 전기침 자극요법을 시행하는 전기침 자극 환자군, 교합안정장치를 장착하는 구강내 장치장착 환자군, 총 3군으로 구분하였다. 이들 환자군에서 치료전과 치료 1주후 및 1개월 후에 visual analogue scale을 이용한 동통의 정도와 두경부의 근육촉진지수, 하악의 기능이상지수 및 저작근들의 압력통각역치를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 자가치료 환자군의 1주일 치료후 동통정도, 근육촉진지수 및 기능이상지수가 유의하게 감소되었다. 2. 전기침 자극환자군은 1주일 치료후 동통의 정도가 유의하게 감소하였으면 1개월 치료 후 동통의 정도와 근육촉진지수가 유의하게 감소되었다. 3. 구강내 장치장착환자군은 1주일 치료 후 동통의 정도가 유의하게 감소하고 심부교근의 압력통각역치가 유의하게 감소하였고 심부교근의 압력통각역치가 유의하게 증가되었다.

공공서비스의 모호성과 고객만족형성과정에 관한 연구

김영구(Kim, Young-Ku),김경환(Kim, Kyoung-Hwan) 대한경영학회 2002 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

작전적 수준의 지휘관의 "전략지침 이해"-6.25전쟁시 채병덕 총참모장과 펑더화이 조.중연합사령관을 중심으로-

김영구 ( Young Ku Kim ) 미래군사학회 2014 한국군사학논총 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the Strategic guidance at the level of operational commanders, to understand their roles, and to draw a desirable man ner and a posture which commanders and staffs must hold on to when performi ng at the operational level. In the end I hope that this analysis will contribute t o operational art development of Korean Armed Forces. In the early Korean War, General Chae Byoung Duck, the Chief of Staff of R OK Army, referred the blind obedience attitude to political requirements and mil itary strategic objectives impossible to attain. And the lack of recognition about allotted resource limits and the performance of false military tactical concepts re sulted in the failure of the achievement of their goal. At the process of third attack by the Chinese forces, Peng Dehuai tried to se e if they could attain military strategic objectives with checking military strateg ic concept and alloted resource. And he reported the limits to perform the opera tions in those days and gave advice to them just to correspond with Mao Zedo ng``s. But he failed to attain military strategic objectives and perform his duty. Therefore, the commanders at operational level have to understand the definite strategic guidance based on the balance among military strategic objectives, mili tary strategic concepts and military resources. And the commanders have obliga tions to check strategic guidance and raise problems. then he must distinguish definitely the possible and the impossible to attain and must have moral courag e to tell the truth to political leaders before giving his military oder. All of these above can be realized only within the scope of commanders`` auth ority who are free from arrogance. The failure at the operational level means th at of war. So, commanders must have a keen insight to lead a war into triump h under uncertain circumstances.

배드민턴 참여동기와 참여제약 및 참여제약 협상전략의 관계

김영구(Young Ku Kim),오현택(Hyun Taek Oh) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.57

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motivation for participation, leisure constraints and leisure constraints negotiation in badminton. The subjects of this study was 350 club members joined a badminton club in Gyeonggido. The survey was carried out by questionnaire which tested motivation for participation, leisure constraints and leisure constraints negotiation. 299 questionnaire was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 program and descriptive, frequent, exploratory factor, reliability, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were executed for data analysis. The main results of this study were as follows: First, amotivation of motivation for participation in badminton had a positive influence on all of factors of leisure constraints, while intrinsic and extrinsic motive had a partial influence on leisure constraints. Second, motivation for participation in badminton had a significant influence on devotion to work and family and economical burden of leisure constraints negotiation, and had a partial influence on improvement in badminton skill and finding partner, but had no influence on badminton court option. Third, leisure constraints in badminton had a partial influence on all of factors of leisure constraints negotiation except for devotion to work and family of leisure constraints negotiation.

‘통섭(Consilience)’의 학문적 성격과 체육학적 의의

김영녀(Kim, Young-Nyeo),김영구(Kim, Young-Ku),오현택(Oh, Hyun-Taek) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to consider the academic characteristics of "Consilience" and examine its applicability to integration of sport science. Dispute between segmentation and integration of sport science was behind the rise of Consilience in sport science. The theory of Consilience was a product of reductionism by examination a critical review the concept of Consilience in the academic world, and therefore the concept of Consilience that had been in common use in sport science was used for a wrong purpose. Based on the above discussion, it was expected that the Consilience of sport science would have a lot controversial points both sides of theory and practice. Consilience had a theoretical defect that didn"t acknowledge the differences in basic hypothesis through making knowledge between disciplines. In practical side of sport science, there was a grade of ranks between disciplines that interfered with the equal interchange and integration of sport science, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies in sport science for the foundation of Consilience were rare, and interdisciplinary research system itself had a lot of difficulties to put in practice. The matters claiming prior settlement for serious discussion about Consilience in sport science as follows: first, the comprehensive and systematic plan for Consilience would be necessary, second, the philosophical foundation for the necessity of academical integration would be prepared, third, journals and academic council would be extended for interdisciplinary research, and forth, the balanced development of all disciplines in sport science would be pursed for long-term development of interdisciplinary research.

The Effects of Storage of Human Saliva on DNA Isolation and Stability

김용우,김영구,Kim, Yong-Woo,Kim, Young-Ku Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2006 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.31 No.1

최근 진단분야에 있어서의 가장 획기적인 진보로는 향상된 진단 술식의 민감도와 특이도를 들 수 있으며 이는 다양한 면역 화학물질과 분자생물학적 시약의 활용도가 증가되고 이와 더불어 진단용 기구의 수준 향상으로 가능해진 미세 술식의 발달에 따른 결과이다. 이러한 기술의 발전은 임상검사용 검체 뿐만 아니라 DNA의 공급원으로서의 타액의 진단학적 가치를 고려하게 되었다. 본 연구는 인체의 타액에서 genomic DNA를 분리하고 이를 혈액 및 협점막 swab에서 분리한 genomic DNA와 비교 검토해 봄으로써 타액 검체의 진단학적 활용도를 살펴보고, 타액 검체의 다양한 보관 과정이 genomic DNA의 분리에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 시행되었으며, 또한 분리된 genomic DNA의 안정도를 살펴보고자 중합효소 연쇄반응 분석법을 이용하여 $\beta$-globin 유전자의 증폭을 시행하였다. 10명의 피검자(평균 나이: $29.9{\pm}9.8$ 세)를 대상으로 혈액, 비자극성, 자극성 전타액 및 협점막 swab을 채취한 후 이로부터 genomic DNA를 분리하였다. 여러 다양한 보관조건이 genomic DNA에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 건강한 20명의 피검자(평균 나이: $32.3{\pm}6.6$ 세)를 대상으로 자극성 전타액을 채취하여 실온, $4^{\circ}C$, $-20^{\circ}C$, $-70^{\circ}C$, 자연 건조 및 동결 건조 상태에서 1, 3, 5 개월 동안 보관한 후 genomic DNA를 분리, 조사하였으며, 분리된 genomic DNA의 안정도를 살펴보고자 중합효소 연쇄반응 분석법을 이용하여 989-bp의 $\beta$-globin 유전자를 증폭한 후 전기영동 검사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 타액으로부터 분리한 genomic DNA의 농도는 혈액의 경우에 비하여 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 타액군 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 자극성 전타액과 이를 동결 건조한 검체에서 분리한 genomic DNA의 순도는 혈액의 경우에 비하여 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 협점막 swab으로부터 분리한 genomic DNA 의 순도는 타액의 경우에 비하여 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 실온에서 보관한 타액 검체로부터 분리한 genomic DNA의 농도는 1 개월 후부터 점차적으로 감소되었으며, 3 개월과 5개월 동안 보관한 타액 검체에서는 유의하게 감소되었다(각각 p<0.05, p<0.01). DNA의 순도 또한 점차적으로 감소되어 3 개월과 5 개월 동안 보관한 타액 DNA의 순도는 신선한 타액과 1 개월 동안 보관된 타액 검체의 순도보다 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. 타액 검체를 $4^{\circ}C$와 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 보관한 후 분리한 genomic DNA의 농도는 3 개월의 보관 기간 동안 유의한 변화가 없었으나, 보관 기간 5 개월 후의 검체에서는 유의하게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 4. 타액을 $-70^{\circ}C$에서 보관한 검체와 동결 건조한 후 보관한 검체로부터 분리한 genomic DNA의 농도는 보관 기간에 따른 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 보관 후 5 개월 후의 검체에서는 DNA의 농도가 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 5. 타액을 자연 건조한 후 즉시 genomic DNA를 분리한 결과, 신선한 타액에 비하여 약 60%의 DNA를 얻을 수 있었다. 자연 건조한 후에 실온에서 보관한 타액 검체로부터 분리한 genomic DNA 농도는 보관 2 주 만에 급격하게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 6. 중합효소 연쇄반응 방법을 이용한 $\beta$-globin 유전자의 증폭은 동결 건조한 후 보관한 타액의 경우 보관 기간 5 개월까지의 모든 검체에서 가능하였으며, 보관 기간 1 개월을 기준으로 보았을

카올린으로부터 Si-Al 탄화물의 합성 및 Si$_3$N$_4$ 결합 소결 특성

백용혁,김영구,한창,권양호,Baik, Yong-Hyuck,Kim, Young-ku,Han, Chang,Kwon, Yang-Ho 한국세라믹학회 1991 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.28 No.9

In this study, Kaolin was carbonized at 1300~175$0^{\circ}C$ and its constituent mineral change was investigated. Carbonized kaolin at 1$650^{\circ}C$ was mixed with metallic silicon, formed and nitrified at 135$0^{\circ}C$ in N2-NH3 atmosphere. Properties of this product such as porosity, bulk density, MOR, nitrization rate and oxidation resistence were measured, and its mineralogical changes were investigated by XRD. The results were as follows; 1) $\beta$-SiC was initially synthesized at 150$0^{\circ}C$, and its amount was continuously increased with reaction temperature to 1$700^{\circ}C$. 2) At 1$600^{\circ}C$, mullite was rapidly decomposed and the amounts of $\beta$-SiC and $\alpha$-Al2O3 were increased simultaneously. 3) By adding alkali to kaolin, the decomposition temperature of mullite was dropped approximately 10$0^{\circ}C$, but the amount of $\alpha$-SiC was increased. 4) The highest values of their nitrization rate and MOR were obtained at the specimen of 35 wt% metallic silicon in nitrization reaction. 5) It seems that increment of $\alpha$-Si3N4 and $\alpha$-Al2O3 phase during nitrization was due to the decomposition of Al4SiC4 existed in carbonized kaolin. 6) Si3N4 bonded SiC-Al2O3 composite were fabricated from kaolin at relatively low temperature (135$0^{\circ}C$).

농약(農藥)의 제형(劑型)이 수도체중(水稻體中) 잔류량(殘留量)에 미치는 영향(影響)

오병렬,김영구,박영선,Oh, Byung-Youl,Kim, Young-Ku,Park, Young-Sun 한국환경농학회 1984 한국환경농학회지 Vol.3 No.2

농약(農藥)의 제형(劑型), 살포시기(撒布時期) 및 사용회수(使用回數)를 달리 하였을 때 수도(水稻)의 수확물중(收穫物中) 농약잔류량(農藥殘留量) 변화를 조사(調査)하기 위하여 isoprothiolane과 chlorpyriphos-methyl의 유제(乳劑) 및 립제(粒劑)에 대하여 풍산(豊産)벼를 대상으로 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) Isoprothiolane 유제(乳劑)는 수확기(收穫期)에 근접(近接)하여 철포(撤布)할수록 볏짚중(中) 잔류량(殘留量)이 높았으나 립제(粒劑)는 수확(收穫) 30일전(日前) 살포에서 최고수준(最高水準)에 달하였다. Chlorpyriphos-methyl은 제형(劑型)에 관계없이 수확기(收穫期)에 근접(近接) 살포할수록 볏짚 잔유량(殘留量)이 높았으나 그 수준(水準)은 isoprothiolane 보다 현저히 낮았다. 2) 현미중(玄米中) 잔류량(殘留量)은 chlorpyriphos-methyl유제(乳劑)의 경우 볏짚에서와 류사(類似)한 분해률(分解率)을 보였으나 isoprothiolane유제(乳劑)는 볏짚에서 보다 그 잔류량(殘留量)이 안정(安定)하였다. 립제(粒劑)는 락제(樂劑)와 무관(無關)하게 현미(玄米)로의 이행(移行)이 매우 경미(輕微)하였다. 3) 도정(搗精)에 의한 현미중(玄米中) 잔류양(殘留量)의 제거률(除去率)은 유제(乳劑)의 철포시기(撤布時期)가 수확기(收穫期)에 인접할수록 높았고 살포회수(撒布回數)와는 관계가 없었다. 4) 수도재배기간중(水稻栽培期間中) 살포농약(撒布農藥)의 수확물중(收穫物中) 잔존률(殘存率)은 볏짚에 $0.19%{\sim}0.99%$, 현미(玄米)에 $0.01{\sim}0.48%$, 백미(白米)에 0.15%이었다. The present study was performed to elucidate pesticide residues in paddy rice applied with different application schedules and frequencies of pesticide formulations. Pungsanbyeo($Japonica{\times}Indica hybrid$) of rice(Oryza sativa L.) was chosen as target crop. Isoprothiolane(diisopropyl-l,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene malonate) 40EC (emulsifiable concentrates), 12G (granular), and chlorpyriphosmethyl [0,0-dimethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] 25EC, 3G were selected as pesticide formulations. The closer the isoprothiolane EC application to harvest, the higher the residues in rice straw retained at harvest; however the G application on 30 days before harvest resulted in highest residue. Chlorpyriphosmethyl residues were higher as it was applied nearby to harvest. Degradation rate of chlorpyriphos-methyl in husked rice was quite similar to in rice straw, on the other hand isoprothiolane in the rice was more stable than that in rice straw. Translocated amount of applied G formulation to husked rice was meager irrespective to the chemicals. Percent reduction of isoprothiolane residues in husked rice by polishing was not related to application frequencies but to application date before harvest. Residual portions in rice straw, husked rice and polished rice of total input amount during rice cultivation were ranged from 0.19% to 0.99%, 0.01% to 0.48%, and 0.15%, respectively.

단섬유 형상기억합금에 의한 복합재료의 강화기구 해석

안득만,김영구,김부섭,박익민,조경목,최일동 ( Deuk Man An,Young Ku Kim,Su Sob Kim,Ik Min Park,Kyung Mox Cho,Il Dong Choi ) 한국복합재료학회 1997 Composites research Vol.10 No.3