Tensolin-F^® (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen)의 단회 독성시험 및 4주 반복투여 독성시험

김근수,박성민,이남진,표형배,채희열,정유리,임춘매,김선희,이혜영,강종구,Kim, Keun-Su,Park, Sung-Min,Lee, Nam-Jin,Pyo, Hyeong-Bae,Chai, Hee-Yul,Jung, Yu-Ri,Lin, Chun-Mai,Kim, Sun-Hee,Lee, Hye-Young,Kang, Jong-Koo 한국독성학회 2007 Toxicological Research Vol.23 No.4

This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$, an anti-wrinkle agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test materials were administered once by gavage to male and female SD rats at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test material was administered once daily by gavage to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 4-weeks. In the results, no abnormality was observed in mortality, clinical findings, body weight changes, food and water consumptions, opthalmoscopic findings, necropsy findings, histopathological findings. In hematological analysis, there was a trend of increase in reticulocyte at male 25 mg/kg, although such changes were in normal ranges. On the other hand, there was a trend of decrease in hemoglobin at female 50, 100 mg/kg, such changes were in normal ranges. In addition, serum biochemical parameters including sodium, BUN and chloride increased at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Relative organ weights of right testis, brain, lung and left epididymis were increased in 100 mg/kg groups of male rats in contrast to not change in female groups. However, these changes of relative organ weights, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not accompanied with related signs such as histopathological changes or clinical findings. In conclusion, 4-week repeated oral dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ to ICR mice did not cause apparent toxicological change at the dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight. Consequently the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ in ICR mice following gavage for at least 4-week is higher than 100 mg/kg/day.

마미총에 발생한 해면상 혈관종 - 증례보고 -

김근수,안병조,한동한,Kim, Keun Su,Ahn, Byeong Jo,Han, Dong Han 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.5

Spinal cavernous hemangiomas of the cauda equina are extremely rare vascular malformations. We report a case of intradural extramedullary cavernous hemangioma of the cauda equina with it's clinical, radiologic and surgical findings. This is the twelveth case of cavernous hemangioma of the cauda equina in the literature. The pertinent literatures are reviewed.

경추 전방 잠금식 금속판이 장기적으로 경추에 미치는 영향

김근수,Kim, Keun Su 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.4

Objective : Anterior cervical locking plates are the devices for achieving anterior cervical spinal fusion. This study was conducted to evaluate the locking plate system regarding its long-term advantages and disadvantages in the view of interbody fusion rate, hardware-related failures, vertebral change close to the fusion segment and postoperative complications. Method : Eight-six patients, operated from Jan., 1996 to Jun. 1998, were followed-up for more than two years. All of the cases were fused with iliac bone graft and ORION locking plate(Sofamor Danek USA, Inc., Memphis, TN) fixation. The patients were discharged or transferred to rehabilitation department 2-7 days after operation. A comprehensive evaluation of the interbody fusion state, instrument failure, vertebral change and postoperative complications were made by direct interview and cervical flexion-extension lateral plain films. Results : There were 55 male and 31 female with a mean age of 45 years(18-75 years). The mean follow-up period was 29 months(24-43 months). Various disorders that were operated were 40 cervical discs, 6 cervical stenosis including OPLL, 2 infections, and 38 traumas. Fusion level was single in 59 cases, two levels of each disc space in 15 cases, and two levels after one corpectomy in 12 cases. There was no instrument failure. Pseudoarthrosis was observed in two cases(2%) without radiological instability. The other patients(98%) showed complete cervical fusion with stable instrument. Mild settling of interbody graft with upward migration of screws was found in 12 cases(14%). Anterior bony growth at the upper segment was found in 5 cases(6%). Postoperative foreign body sensation or dysphagia was observed in 12 cases(4%), and disappeared within one month in 7 cases and within six months in 4 cases. One patient complained for more than six months and required reoperation to remove paraesophageal granulation tissue. Conclusion : The results show that Orion cervical locking plate has some disadvantages of upward migration of screws, anterior bony growth at the upper segment, or possibility of esophageal compression even though it has advantages of high interbody fusion rate or low instrument failure. Author believe that anterior cervical locking plate in the future should be thinner, and should have short end from the screw hole, and movable screw with adequate stability.

Tensolin-F<SUP>®</SUP> (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen)의 단회 독성시험 및 4주 반복투여 독성시험

김근수(Keun-Su Kim),박성민(Sung-Min Park),이남진(Nam-Jin Lee),표형배(Hyeong-Bae Pyo),채희열(Hee-Yul Chai),정유리(Yu-Ri Jung),임춘매(Chun-Mai Lin),김선희(Sun-Hee Kim),이혜영(Hye-Young Lee),강종구(Jong-Koo Kang) 한국독성학회 2007 Toxicological Research Vol.23 No.2

This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of Tensolin-F<SUP>®</SUP>, an anti-wrinkle agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test materials were administered once by gavage to male and female SD rats at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and Tensolin-F<SUP>®</SUP> treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of Tensolin-F<SUP>®</SUP> was considered to be higher than 2,000 ㎎/㎏ in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test material was administered once daily by gavage to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100 ㎎/㎏/day for 4-weeks. In the results, no abnormality was observed in mortality, clinical findings, body weight changes, food and water consumptions, opthalmoscopic findings, necropsy findings, histopathological findings. In hematological analysis, there was a trend of increase in reticulocyte at male 25 ㎎/㎏, although such changes were in normal ranges. On the other hand, there was a trend of decrease in hemoglobin at female 50, 100 ㎎/㎏, such changes were in normal ranges. In addition, serum biochemical parameters including sodium, BUN and chloride increased at 25, 50 and 100 ㎎/㎏. Relative organ weights of right testis, brain, lung and left epididymis were increased in 100 ㎎/㎏ groups of male rats in contrast to not change in female groups. However, these changes of relative organ weights, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not accompanied with related signs such as histopathological changes or clinical findings. In conclusion, 4-week repeated oral dose of Tensolin-F<SUP>®</SUP> to ICR mice did not cause apparent toxicological change at the dose of 25, 50, 100 ㎎/㎏ body weight. Consequently the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Tensolin-F<SUP>®</SUP> in ICR mice following gavage for at least 4-week is higher than 100 ㎎/㎏/day.

공군사관생도의 기초체력, 심폐기능, 등속성 근기능 비교분석

김근수(Kim, Keun-Su),최진(Choi, Jean),김정운(Kim, Jung-Woon),유도상(Ryu, Do-Sang),김병주(Kim, Byoung-Joo),류현승(Rhyu, Hyun-Seung) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of the study was to analyze the grade-related differences of physical fitness, cardiopulmonary function, isokinetic muscular function in Air Force academy cadets and to provide useful data on the direction and design of the physical education program. Participants were 80 male cadets(1st grade 40, 4th grade 40). The events in measurement of physical fitness were ‘grip strength’, ‘balance test’, ‘long-jump’, ‘trunk forward flexion’, ‘side-step’, "3km run", "sit-up" and "push-up". Cardiopulmonary function was measured by the respiratory gas metabolic analyzer using the treadmill and knee isokinetic muscle strength was measured using the Humac NORM. Means and standard deviations were calculated. Independent t-test was applied to evaluate the difference of variables between two groups. The significance level was accepted at p<0.05. The results were as follows. First, ‘grip strength’, ‘balance test’, ‘side-step’, "3km run", "sit-up" and "push-up" in 4th grade group were significantly higher than 1st grade group(p<.05). Second, in cardiopulmonary function, the maximal oxygen uptake and arteriovenous oxygen difference of 4th grade group were significantly higher than those of 1st grade group(p<.05). Third, knee extension and flexion test showed that 4th grade group were significantly high. In contrast, muscle fatigue index and extension fatigue index showed that 1st grade group was much higher than 4th grade group. but there was no difference in the ratio of extension and flexion on right and left. Therefore, especially more emphasis should be focused on programs of flexibility, aerobic capacity and lower body strength in order to prevent injury, overcome hypoxia and enhance G tolerance. In this direction, there is a need to complement and strengthen the systematic physical fitness program.

공군조종사의 ACTN-3 유전자형에 따른 신체조성, 체력 연구

김근수(Kim, Keun-Su),신승환(Shin, Seung-Hwan),김인기(Kim, In-Ki),윤철(Youn, Chul),박정섭(Park, Jung-Sub),송성우(Song, Sung-Woo) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

The purpose of the study was to analyze the ACTN-3 Genotype-related differences of Body Compostion, Physical Fitness in Air Force Pilots for providing useful data on the plane selection, fittable body composition and physical fitness training program. Participants were 72 male pilots(age 23-39). Body composition was measured 6 items(height, weight, body fat, bone-muscle, BMI. Physical fitness was measured 7 items(grip/abdominal/leg strength, abdominal/cardiopulmonary endurance, flexibility, power, agility, and balance) used by the U-town set. Means and standard deviations were calculated. Frequency Analysis, One-way ANOVA was applied to evaluate the difference of variables as ACTN-3. Post-Hoc was used by Bonferroni. The significance level was accepted at p<0.05. The results were as follows. First, Gene type was analyzed as 27 RR type, 34 RX type, 11 XX type. Second, In BMI, RR type is significantly higher than XX type. Third, In physical fitness, agility, muscle endurance power is significantly higher in RR type than XX type, cardiopulmonary endurance is showed the reverse. These results could be understood as similar as usual preliminary researches. In summary, RR type maybe more fittable for pilots than other types. This research is needed to be expanded for investigating fittable genotype, body composition and fitness by airplane for pilot’s safe and perfect performance.

공군사관학교 지원 여자 수험생의 체격과 체력 변화에 관한 연구

김근수(Kim, Keun-Su),정연수(Chung, Yeon-Soo),김경래(Kim, Kyeong-Lae),류현승(Rhyu, Hyun-Seung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 공군사관학교를 지원한 여자수험생의 체격과 체력의 변화 추이를 분석함으로써 입학 후 여성생도들의 체력을 체계적이고 과학적으로 증진할 수 있도록 운동 프로그램 개발에 유용한 자료를 제공하고자 진행하였다. 대상자는 2002년부터 2011년도까지 공군사관학교에 지원한 여학생(n=499명)으로 하였으며 측정요소는 체격(신장, 체중, BMI, 좌고)과 체력(100m달리기, 2분간 윗몸일으키기, 2분간 팔굽혀펴기, 제자리멀리뛰기, 1,200m달리기)으로 하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 21.0을 이용하여 통계 처리하였으며, 모든 측정항목에 대해 평균과 표준편차를 산출하였고, 연도별 차이를 검증하기 위하여 일원변량분석(One-Way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 통계적으로 유의한 결과에 대해서는 LSD(least significant difference)의 사후검증을 이용하였고, 통계적 유의수준은 p〈.05로 설정하였다. 연구결과 공군사관학교 지원 여자 수험생들의 체격항목에서 신장과 좌고는 변화가 없었으며, 체중과 BMI는 10년 간 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 체력은 전 종목에서 10년 간 지속적으로 기록이 감소된 것으로 나타났고, 특히 지구력 측정 항목인 팔굽혀펴기와 오래달리기에서는 기록이 크게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 동일연령대 여학생들과 비교해 보았을 때 공군사관학교 지원 여자 수험생의 체격과 체력은 우수하게 나타났으나, 남자 수험생 대비 체력이 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 공군사관학교에서는 교육훈련 특성상 남녀는 동일한 과정을 이수하여야 하므로 입학 후 여자생도들의 부족한 체력 수준을 고려하여 4년 간의 교육과정을 성공적으로 이수할 수 있도록 과학적이고 체계적인 체력 강화 프로그램을 개발하여 교육하여야 한다. 따라서 입학 후 점진적으로 체력을 증진하여 공군장교로서 갖추어야 할 체력 수준을 구비할 수 있도록 학교 당국은 학년별 체육교육과정 검토와 체력평가 등 제도적 장치 마련을 위한 다양한 노력을 기울이고 여자생도들은 부족한 체력수준을 향상시키기 위한 운동트레이닝에 각별히 노력하여야 한다. The purpose of this study is to provide useful data needed to develop the program for scientifically and systematically improving physical fitness of female cadets after entering Korea Air Force Academy(KAFA) by analyzing trends in the changes of physique and physical fitness of female candidates who applied to KAFA during recent 10 years. In order to accomplish the objective of the study, averages and standard deviations of all lists of measurement were generated through using SPSS 20.0, and One-Way ANOVA was used to verify the annual changes in physique and physical fitness. Post-hoc test of LSD was used to set up statistically significant results (p<.05). The results of this research are as follows: First, in terms of physique, heights of candidates have been similar to each height of candidates for 10 years, but there has not been consistency over 10 years. Also, weights and BMI show a continuous tendency to be modestly increased and there is no change in sitting height in female candidates. Second, the physical fitness of female candidates was continuously decreased, and especially there is a marked decline in push-ups and 1,200m run. In conclusion, this study suggests that the physique of Korea Air Force Academy candidates has become bigger while the physical fitness has become lower.

공군사관학교 지원 남자 수험생의 체격과 체력 변화에 관한 종단적 연구

김근수(Kim, Keun-Su),박정섭(Park, Jung-Sub),김광명(Kim, Kwang-Myung),김인기(Kim, In-Ki),유도상(Ryu, Do-Sang),김정운(Kim, Jung-Woon) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to provide useful data needed to scientifically and systematically improve physical fitness of cadets by analyzing trends in the changes of physique and physical fitness of male candidates who applied to KAFA during 10 years. In order to accomplish the objective of the study, physique and physical fitness data was collected from 2002 to 2011, and the trends in changes were analyzed. SPSS 20.0 was used to generate averages and standard deviations and one-way ANOVA was used to verify the annual changes in physique and physical fitness. Post-hoc test of LSD was used for statistically significant results (p<.05). The results of this research are as follows. First, in terms of physique, the categories height, weight, and BMI of male candidates were significantly increased. However, there was no change in sitting height in male candidates. Second, the physical fitness of male candidates was significantly decreased in all categories(100m run, sit-ups, push-ups, standing long-jump, 1500m run). In conclusion, this study suggests that the physique of Air Force Academy candidates had got bigger while the physical fitness had decreased.

AC PDP에서 고속 어드레싱을 위한 ADR(Address During Reset) 구동 방식

宋根永(Keun-Young Song),金根秀(Gun-Su Kim),李晳賢(Seok-Hyun Lee) 대한전기학회 2005 전기학회논문지C Vol.54 No.6

새로운 구동방식을 이용한 어드레스 방전 지연시간의 감소

송근영(Keun-Young Song),김근수(Gun-Su Kim),서정현(Jeong-Hyun Seo),이석현(Seok-Hyun Lee) 대한전기학회 2004 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.11