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하수도 시스템 유무에 따른 강우유출특성 분석 - 팔당호 유역을 대상으로
강동한 ( Dong Han Kang ),라자우말사자드 ( Umer Sajjad Raja ),김극태 ( Keuktae Kim ),이창희 ( Chang Hee Lee ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.2
토지이용이 혼재되고 하수관거 시스템이 미흡한 유역의 강우유출 특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 팔당호 유역에서 토지 이용 및 하수관거 형태에 따른 강우 유출 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 팔당호유역 7개 시·군에서 공공 하수관거 시스템 지역 48개소, 개인하수처리시설 지역 28개소에 대한 강우 유출수 모니터링을 실시하였다. 개인하수처리시설 지역의 토지 이용은 산림과 논의 비율이 높았으며 SS, TN, TP EMCs와 초기세척 강도가 공공하수처리지역에 비해 높게 나타났다. 또한 초기강우 차집 시스템을 설치하여 초기강우 유출수 43%를 처리할 경우 59%의 TP 유출부하량을 저감할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 개인하수처리시설이 설치된 지역에서 강우량 및 강우지속시간과 영양염류 유출 부하량은 양의 상관관계 (R>0.6)를 나타내어 팔당호의 부영양화 문제를 관리하기 위해 개인하수처리지역에 대한 우선적 정책이 필요함을 알수 있다. The characterization of stormwater runoff from mix land-use catchments with an inadequate sewer network is a challenge. This study focused on characterizing stormwater runoff from the Paldang watershed area based on land-use type and sewer system coverage. A total of 76 sites were monitored during wet weather from seven different counties within Paldang watershed. Public sewer system (PSS) was installed at 48 sites, while 28 sites had no or individual sewer system (ISS) coverage. The results indicated that the sites included in the ISS group with higher forest and paddy land-use percentage exhibit higher values of average event mean concentrations (EMCs) and first flush intensity for suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP). In addition, upgrading runoff interception system can capture 59 % of the TP load in the first 43% of runoff within these sites. Similarly, rainfall depth and storm duration showed a positive correlation (R > 0.6) with nutrient loads within ISS group sites, as compared to PSS group. Therefore, these sites are likely to contribute higher TP and TN loads during heavier storm events and should be selected as priority management areas to combat the problem of eutrophication in Paldang reservoir.
RTO의 조직구조, 조직문화 및 개인역량 간 영향 연구
강동한 ( Kang Dong-han ),이인재 ( Lee In-jae ) 한국관광산업학회 2021 Tourism Research Vol.46 No.1
본 연구에서는 RTO(Regional Tourism Organization) 조직목표의 성공적 달성과 조직이 나아갈 방향을 제시하고자 RTO의 구성원들을 대상으로 조직구조, 조직문화, 개인역량 요인에 대한 영향관계를 분석하였다. 실증분석을 위해 RTO운영형태에 따라 서울관광재단, 전라북도문화관광재단, 경기관광공사, 인천관광공사의 조직구성원들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였는데 그 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직구조가 조직문화에 미치는 영향관계를 분석한 결과, 조직문화의 하위요인인 집단문화의 경우 공식화요인, 발전문화는 공식화, 집권화 요인, 위계문화는 공식화 요인, 마지막으로 합리문화에 대해서는 공식화, 집권화 요인이 각각 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 종합하면, 공식화는 모든 조직문화 하위요인에 대해 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 반면, 복잡화는 모든 하위요인에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조직문화가 개인역량에 미치는 영향관계를 분석한 결과 첫째, 개인역량 하위요인 중 상황분석능력에 대해서는 합리문화, 발전문화, 위계문화가, 대인관리능력에 대해서는 합리문화, 위계문화가 유의한 영향을 미치며, 업무능력에 대해서는 발전문화, 위계문화가 통계적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 분석된 내용을 바탕으로 다음의 시사점이 도출되었다. 첫째, 공사의 경우는 수익성에 대한 다양한 아이디어 보상제도 운영과 조직 내 수익성 추구 전담부서 설립 등을 통해 구조화, 규칙화 시키는 과정이 필요하며 수익성 및 개인역량 향상에 대한 조직 내 정확한 목표치를 제시하여야 한다. 둘째, 이러한 목표를 중앙 및 해당지자체 내·외부, CEO 평가목표에 반영하여야 한다. 재단의 경우는 지역적으로 관광과 연계한 사회문제 해결 등을 목표화하여 목표달성에 큰 역할을 한 팀 또는 개인에 대해 인센티브제도 등을 규정화, 공식화 하는 작업이 필요하다. This study analyzes the impact of organizational structure, organizational culture, and personal competence tors on members of the Regional Tourism Organization (RTO), a leading enforcement organization of local tourism policies, to successfully achieve RTO organizational goals and directions, the Seoul Tourism organization, Jeollabuk-do Cultural Tourism Foundation, Gyeonggi Tourism Organization, and Incheon Tourism Organization were surveyed according to the type of RTO operation, and the results of the analysis were as follows. First, the analysis of the impact of organizational structure on organizational culture showed that formalization factors on group culture, formalization and centralization factors on developmental culture, formalization factors on hierarchical culture, formalization and centralization factors on rational culture, formalization has also been shown to have a positive influence on all organizational culture sub-factors. Second, as a result of analyzing the impact of organizational culture on personal competence, it showed that the ability to analyze situations among the sub-factors of personal competence was significantly influenced by rational culture, developmental culture, hierarchical culture, rational and hierarchical culture have a statistical impact on interpersonal management ability, developmental culture, hierarchical culture statistically influences the work ability. Based on these results, strategies by type of organization's operation require a process of structuring and regularizing various idea compensation schemes for profitability and establishment of a dedicated department for profitability in the organization, and an accurate target for profitability and individual capacity improvement. In addition, these objectives should be reflected in the central and internal, external, and CEO evaluation objectives of the relevant local government. In the case of the foundation, it is necessary to define and formulate an incentive system for teams or individuals who have played a major role in achieving their goals by targeting social problems linked to tourism locally.
미세기포 오존과 생물여과 시스템을 이용한 생활하수의 3차 처리에 관한 연구
강동한 ( Dong Han Kang ),장영호 ( Young Ho Jang ),김종수 ( Jong Su Kim ),김극태 ( Keug Tae Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.6
In this paper, the removal characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOCs) by micro bubble ozonation process and O3/UV process were comparatively studied. In the point of DOC removing reaction coefficient, micro bubble ozonation system and O3/UV process had not significant difference, 0.0120 sec-1 and 0.0141 sec-1. Therefore micro bubble ozonation process is more suitable for tertiary treatment of sewage in the point of installation and maintenance cost-reducing. The optimum ozone injection rate was 2.0 g O3/g DOC and HRT was 3 min for the micro bubble ozonation process. The removal efficiency of DOC and SUVA in micro bubble ozonation system was 32.8% and 58.3% respective. Biological aerated filter (BAF) process was installed to remove soluble organic material increased by micro bubble ozonation system. And the effluent BOD of BAF was below 1.0 mg/L. In the view of cost-effectiveness, O3/BAF process was more profitable than O3/UV/BAF process for tertiary treatment of sewage. In order to nitrify ammonia in the BAF process completely, NH4+-N concentration in the influent water of BAF should be designed considering low water temperature in the winter season.
치자(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus) 종자 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 지질과산화 저해능
강동수 ( Dong-soo Kang ),진동혁 ( Dong-hyeok Jin ),오다영 ( Da-young Oh ),김한수 ( Han-soo Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.8
The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of extracts from the seeds of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE) found in Namhae, Korea. Extraction was performed using three solvents, 70% methanol, Distilled Water (DW), and Ethyl Acetate (EA). We determined the total phenol and phytic acid contents of the extracts to evaluate their nitrogen oxide scavenging activity, antioxidant activity, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability. The phytic acid content of GJE was found to be 1.157 mg PAE (Phytic Acid Equivalent) /g DW. The yields of the three extraction processes were as follows: DW, 36.61%; 70% methanol, 30.10%; and EA, 20.40%. The physiological activities of the extract solvents increased significantly with increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/mL) (p<0.05), but were lower than those of ascorbic acid, BHA, and trolox. Total phenol content was the highest in the 70% methanol extract, followed by DW and EA extracts. Further, nitrogen oxide scavenging activity and antioxidant activity were the highest for the 70% methanol extract followed by DW and EA extracts. Based on these results, the bioactivities of the 70% methanol and DW extracts of GJ seeds were excellent. These extracts can be used as natural antioxidants.