Expression levels of three bacterial blight resistance genes against K3a race of Korea by molecular and phenotype analysis in japonica rice (O. sativa L.)

Jung-Pil Suh,Tae-Hwan Noh,Ki-Young Kim,Jeong-Ju Kim,Yeon-Gyu Kim,Kshirod K. Jena 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.3

Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive disease of rice in the major rice growing countries of Asia. In 2003, a serious bacterial blight epidemic occurred in the southwestern coastal areas in Korea, causing significant yield loss due to the emergence of a new race, K3a. IR24 near-isogenic lines containing Xa4, xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes conferred different degrees of resistance to the most virulent K3a isolate, HB01009 in an inoculation experiment in the greenhouse. Expression levels of the resistance genes, Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 were studied in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between elite japonica cultivars and an advanced backcross breeding line possessing Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 genes. F2 progenies segregated for K3a resistance (R) and susceptible (S) phenotypes in a ratio of 3(R):1(S) indicated that K3a resistance was controlled by a major dominant gene. Three PCR markers tightly linked to the resistance genes Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 confirmed the presence of the genes and their interaction with each gene. This study demonstrated that the Xa21 gene dominantly contributed to K3a resistance. However, the Xa4 gene also contributed to the full expression of resistance. The level of expression of strong resistance to K3a race was attributed to the presence of Xa21 and Xa4 genes irrespective of the presence of xa5 gene. Our results suggest that the R-gene combinations of Xa4+Xa21 could be a useful and effective strategy toward improving resistance to K3a race of Korean japonica cultivars. Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a destructive disease of rice in the major rice growing countries of Asia. In 2003, a serious bacterial blight epidemic occurred in the southwestern coastal areas in Korea, causing significant yield loss due to the emergence of a new race, K3a. IR24 near-isogenic lines containing Xa4, xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes conferred different degrees of resistance to the most virulent K3a isolate, HB01009 in an inoculation experiment in the greenhouse. Expression levels of the resistance genes, Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 were studied in two F2 populations derived from the crosses between elite japonica cultivars and an advanced backcross breeding line possessing Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 genes. F2 progenies segregated for K3a resistance (R) and susceptible (S) phenotypes in a ratio of 3(R):1(S) indicated that K3a resistance was controlled by a major dominant gene. Three PCR markers tightly linked to the resistance genes Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 confirmed the presence of the genes and their interaction with each gene. This study demonstrated that the Xa21 gene dominantly contributed to K3a resistance. However, the Xa4 gene also contributed to the full expression of resistance. The level of expression of strong resistance to K3a race was attributed to the presence of Xa21 and Xa4 genes irrespective of the presence of xa5 gene. Our results suggest that the R-gene combinations of Xa4+Xa21 could be a useful and effective strategy toward improving resistance to K3a race of Korean japonica cultivars.

Clinical Utility and Cut-Off Scores of the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale

Minha Hong,Young Sik Lee,Bongseog Kim,Yoo Sook Joung,Hanik K Yoo,Eui-Jung Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee,Soo Young Bhang,Seung Yup Lee,Doughyun Han,Geon Ho Bahn 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2019 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.30 No.3

Objectives: This study was conducted to re-validate the clinical efficacy of the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (K-AARS), which is a self-report scale for ADHD in adults, and to determine the clinical utility and cut-off scores of K-AARS. Methods: The participants were 135 drug naïve adults with ADHD and 144 healthy controls. To diagnose ADHD based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, two board-certified pediatric psychiatrists interviewed the participants and completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. K-AARS was applied to all participants. K-AARS comprises six clinical subscales, one impairment subscale, and one driving behavior subscale. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to calculate the cut-off scores of K-AARS. Results: All subscale scores, including six clinical subscale, impairment subscale, and driving behavior subscale scores, were found to be significant in distinguishing adults with ADHD from healthy controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the six clinical subscales were 63.0–77.0% and 66.7–79.9%, respectively. The combined total score of the six clinical subscales, had a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 79.9%. Conclusion: The discriminative power of K-AARS for the diagnosis of ADHD in adults was excellent, and K-AARS and the empirical diagnosis of adults can be useful in diagnosing ADHD in adulthood.

국내 금융산업의 Y2K 문제인식과 대응논리

윤용근 국민대학교 정보기술연구소 2001 정보기술연구 Vol.7 No.-

Y2K문제 해결 완료는 분명히 문제가 있는 선언이다. 본 연구는 첫째, Y2K문제에 대한 우리의 인식이 얼마나 왜곡되고 파편화 된 이해 속에 있는 가를 직시하고 늦은 감이 있지만 이제는 충분히 다른 시각을 가질 필요성이 있다는 점과, 둘째, 얼마 남지 않은 기간동안이지만 철저한 준비와 대응책을 마련하는 것이 그렇게 하지 않는 것보다 무조건 나쁘지 않다는 점을 주지시키기 위해서 준비된 것이다. 설령 그것이 현실 속에서 발현되든 또는 발현되지 않든 간에 Y2K문제에 대한 우리의 인식전환과 유비무환의 자세를 가다듬을 수 있는 계기가 되길 기대한다. Y2K문제는 단순한 프로그램상의 날자 인식 오류에 불과하지만 이것이 현실 속에서 얼마나 커다란 문제를 야기 시킬 수도 있는가를 정확하게 이해할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 금융권을 중심으로 표본을 추출하여 그것에 대한 실증적 분석과 사례를 통하여 이를 입증하고자 노력했다. Y2K문제는 그 성격상 100% 달성이란 존재할 수 없는 확률 분포적인 성격의 문제이다. 즉 우리가 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있듯이 Y2K문제 100% 달성이란 현실적으로 존재할 수 없으며, 지금부터 언제든지 크고 작은 문제를 일으킬 수 있는 소지가 충분하다는 사실을 인식하고, 그에 대한 대응 체제를 확립하는 것이 이 시점 매우 절실하다는 것이다. 본 연구보고서는 실증적 분석 모델로 삼았던 특정 회사가 단지 특정 회사만의 문제가 아??

Effects of I- and W-Phases Under Identical Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Mg–Zn–Y Alloys at Room and Elevated Temperatures

Young‑Gil Jung,Wonseok Yang,Jae Ik Hyun,Shae K. Kim,Hyunkyu Lim,Do Hyang Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.12

Three alloys (Mg–6Zn–1.2Y, Alloy I; Mg–3.65Zn–1.65Y, Alloy II; and Mg–4.3Zn–1.4Y, Alloy III) with same volume fractionand grain size were designed to evaluate the effects of the I-phase (Mg3Zn6Y) and W-phase (Mg3Zn3Y2), which are themajor phases in Mg–Zn–Y alloys, on the mechanical properties. The tensile strength of Alloy I with the I-phase at roomtemperature was the highest among the tested alloys because the coherent interface between the I-phase and the α-Mg phasewas more resistant to cracking than the incoherent interface between the W-phase and the α-Mg phase. A cross-sectionalmicrostructure analysis of a sample that was tensile-tested at 423 K revealed that the morphology of the I-phase remainedrelatively stable. In contrast, the W-phase was broken and fragmented during the tensile test at 423 K because it had higherbrittleness under the test conditions. Therefore, the tensile and creep properties of Alloy I at 423 K were better than thoseof Alloys II and III containing the W-phase. According to the results, the I-phase in the Mg-Zn-Y alloy was more beneficialto the mechanical properties at room temperature and 423 K than the W-phase.

The feasibility study of Computer Cognitive Senior Assessment System-Screen (CoSAS-S) in critically ill patients with sepsis

Kang, Eun-Young,Jee, Sung Ju,Kim, Cuk-Seong,Suh, Kwang-Sun,Wong, Alex W.K.,Moon, Jae Young Elsevier 2018 Journal of critical care Vol.44 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>Early cognitive assessment in the intensive care unit (ICU) is essential to monitor cognitive dysfunction after critical illness. We have implemented a Computer Cognitive Senior Assessment System–Screen (CoSAS–S) which is a brief, objective, and tablet-based cognitive screening test as a mobile platform to detect any cognitive problems in ICUs. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and initial validation of a tablet-based CoSAS–S in critically ill patients with sepsis.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>Thirty-six eligible patients completed CoSAS–S, Mini-Mental State Examination–Korean Version (MMSE–K) and Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) for validity testing at the ICU.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Eighty-eight percent of programmed assessments were completed by the sample. Spearman correlations of the CoSAS–S with MMSE–K (rho=0.613–0.874, p<0.00) and K–MoCA scores (rho=0.666–0.897, p<0.001) were moderate to high. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of total CoSAS–S score between two raters was 0.93 (p<0.001; 95% CI=0.82–0.97), suggesting the inter-rater reliability of CoSAS-S was excellent.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Support was found for the feasibility and validity of CoSAS-S. The application of CoSAS-S could identify the cognitive functioning of the patients. Utility of CoSAS-S in other clinical populations should be tested.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cognitive Senior Assessment System–Screen (CoSAS–S) is a mobile flat-form, tablet-based cognitive screening test. </LI> <LI> This study supports the feasibility and validity of tablet-based cognitive screening, ‘CoSAS-S’ in patients with sepsis. </LI> <LI> CoSAS-S could identify the critically ill patients without cognitive dysfunction in the ICUs. </LI> <LI> Utility of CoSAS-S in other clinical settings should be studied in the future study. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Combinatorial Chemistry Method for Fast Screening of Perovskite-Based NO Oxidation Catalyst

Yoon, Dal Young,Lim, Eunho,Kim, Young Jin,Cho, Byong K.,Nam, In-Sik,Choung, Jin Woo,Yoo, Seungbeom American Chemical Society 2014 ACS Combinatorial Science Vol.16 No.11

<P>A fast parallel screening method based on combinatorial chemistry (combichem) has been developed and applied in the screening tests of perovskite-based oxide (PBO) catalysts for NO oxidation to hit a promising PBO formulation for the oxidation of NO to NO<SUB>2</SUB>. This new method involves three consecutive steps: oxidation of NO to NO<SUB>2</SUB> over a PBO catalyst, adsorption of NOx onto the PBO and K<SUB>2</SUB>O/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, and colorimetric assay of the NOx adsorbed thereon. The combichem experimental data have been used for determining the oxidation activity of NO over PBO catalysts as well as three critical parameters, such as the adsorption efficiency of K<SUB>2</SUB>O/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> for NO<SUB>2</SUB> (α) and NO (β), and the time-average fraction of NO included in the NOx feed stream (ξ). The results demonstrated that the amounts of NO<SUB>2</SUB> produced over PBO catalysts by the combichem method under transient conditions correlate well with those from a conventional packed-bed reactor under steady-state conditions. Among the PBO formulations examined, La<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ag<SUB>0.5</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> has been identified as the best chemical formulation for oxidation of NO to NO<SUB>2</SUB> by the present combichem method and also confirmed by the conventional packed-bed reactor tests. The superior efficiency of the combichem method for high-throughput catalyst screening test validated in this study is particularly suitable for saving the time and resources required in developing a new formulation of PBO catalyst whose chemical composition may have an enormous number of possible variations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/acsccc/2014/acsccc.2014.16.issue-11/co5000344/production/images/medium/co-2014-000344_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/co5000344'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

8bit Microcontroller에 내장되는 5V 단일전원 8K Byte CMOS Flash EEPROM 설계

조경록,유영갑,김성식,김일기,이은균,홍상표 대한전자공학회 1996 CAD 및 VLSI 설계연구회지 Vol.5 No.1

In this paper, a 8K × 8 Flash EEPROM embedded in 8bit microcontroller is presented. The Flash EEPROM used a 5 voltage source and was implemented using a 0.8um CMOS process with 2-poly technologys which employs a NOR type structure and stacked type cells. Flash EEPROM cell, charge pump circuit, and sense amp circuit are newly designed. The Flash EEPROM was implemented using full custom design technology, and verified using netlist verification and design rule check(DRC). The 8bit microcontroller has a 4 × 4 ㎟ layout size and 40 pin pads. The layout size of 8K Byte Flash EEPROM is 2.280 × 1.320 ㎟.

IGRINS NEAR-IR HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY OF MULTIPLE JETS AROUND LkH<i>α</i>234

Oh, Heeyoung,Pyo, Tae-Soo,Yuk, In-Soo,Park, Byeong-Gon,Park, Chan,Chun, Moo-Young,Pak, Soojong,Kim, Kang-Min,Oh, Jae Sok,Jeong, Ueejeong,Yu, Young Sam,Lee, Jae-Joon,Kim, Hwihyun,Hwang, Narae,Kaplan, K American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.817 No.2

<P>We present the results of high-resolution near-IR spectroscopy toward the multiple outflows around the Herbig Be star LkH alpha 234 using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. Previous studies indicate that the region around LkHa 234 is complex, with several embedded young stellar objects and the outflows associated with them. In simultaneous H- and K-band spectra from HH 167, we detected 5 [Fe II] and 14 H-2 emission lines. We revealed a new [Fe II] jet driven by radio continuum source VLA 3B. Position-velocity diagrams of the H-2 1-0 S(1) lambda 2.122 mu m line show multiple velocity peaks. The kinematics may be explained by a geometrical bow shock model. We detected a component of H-2 emission at the systemic velocity (V-LSR = -10.2 km s(-1)) along the whole slit in all slit positions, which may arise from the ambient photodissociation region. Low-velocity gas dominates the molecular hydrogen emission from knots A and B in HH 167, which is close to the systemic velocity; [Fe II] emission lines are detected farther from the systemic velocity, at V-LSR = -100--130 km s(-1). We infer that the H-2 emission arises from shocked gas entrained by a high-velocity outflow. Population diagrams of H-2 lines imply that the gas is thermalized at a temperature of 2500-3000 K and the emission results from shock excitation.</P>

The Moderating Role of Attribution in Penalty Judgment: an Empirical Study in the Financial Service Industry

Young “Sally” K. Kim 한국마케팅과학회 2006 마케팅과학연구 Vol.16 No.3

Many financial service organizations use various types of penalties (e.g., late payment fee, overdraft fee), often inflicting customer complaints and, in extreme cases, attrition. This study examines how customers evaluate penalties using concepts from attribution theory and literatures of social justice and customer satisfaction/ dissatisfaction. The study hypothesizes that both cognitive (i.e., attribution, perceived fairness, disconfirmation) and affective (i.e., emotion) responses influence customer’s penalty judgment and tests the effect of moderation between attribution and perceived fairness on penalty judgment. The study uses a crosssectional survey design and collects data using the critical incident technique. The results show that attributions have significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived fairness and dissatisfaction with the penalty and that perceived fairness, emotion, and attribution have a significant influence on penalty evaluation. The study provides discussion of the findings and managerial implications.

Integrative microendoscopic system combined with conventional microscope for live animal tissue imaging

Kö,hler, Martin,Paulson, Bjorn,Kim, Youngkyu,Lee, Sanghwa,Dicker, Andrea,van Krieken, Pim,Kim, Jae Young,Pack, Chan-Gi,Joo, Jinmyoung,Berggren, Per-Olof,Kim, Jun Ki Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 Journal of Biophotonics Vol.11 No.12