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신동선,최예지,정석태,심은영,이석기,김현주,우관식,김시주,오세관,박혜영,Shin, Dong-Sun,Choi, Ye-Ji,Jeong, Seok-Tae,Sim, Eun-Yeong,Lee, Seuk Ki,Kim, Hyun-Joo,Woo, Koan Sik,Kim, Si-Ju,Oh, Sea-Kwan,Park, Hye-Young 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.4
본 연구에서는 보리와 밀 혼합막걸리의 품질특성으로 이화학적 특성, 색도, 환원당, 유기산, 효모수, 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 보리는 흰찰쌀보리를 이용하였고, 금강밀, 백중밀, 조경밀을 1:1로 혼합하고 수입밀과 쌀을 대조구로 하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 발효 후 착즙한 술덧을 시료로 하였다. 이화학적 특성으로 pH, 총산, 당도 및 알코올 함량을 측정한 결과, pH는 4.04~4.12로 밀 품종에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었고, 총산은 0.94~1.06%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 당도는 밀 혼합막걸리가 $12.67{\sim}13.44^{\circ}Brix$ 수준으로 쌀 혼합 막걸리 $11.76^{\circ}Brix$에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 알코올 함량은 15.13~16.53%의 범위로 나타났다. 밀 품종간 색도 L값의 유의적인 차이는 없었고, a값은 0.26~0.60 범위를 보였으며, b값은 밀 혼합막걸리가 쌀 혼합막걸리 보다 유의적으로 높아 좀 더 황색에 가까웠다(p<0.05). 환원당은 5.65~7.85 mg/mL의 범위로 나타났으며, 유기산은 금강 밀 혼합막걸리에서 lactic acid를 제외한 citric acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid가 가장 높게 검출되었다. 효모수는 밀이 혼합된 막걸리가 7.17~7.46 logCFU/g으로 쌀이 혼합된 막걸리 6.06 logCFU/g 보다 더 높았다. 관능적 특성에서 우리밀과 수입밀 간의 유의적은 차이는 없었으나, 맛은 백중밀이 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과로 보리 막걸리 제조 시 황색도, 효모수, 맛 등에서 높은 수준을 보였던 우리밀이 보리 막걸리 제조 시 혼합 곡물로 더 적합하였다. 따라서 밀 원료를 수입밀에서 금강밀이나 백중밀로 대체 시 일부 품질 증대와 함께 원료국산화에 따른 막걸리 프리미엄화 전제조건을 충족시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of barley (Huinchalssalbori) and domestic wheats (Keumkangmil, Baegjoongmil, Jogyeongmil). The pH and total acidity of mixed Makgeolli were 4.04~4.12% and 0.94~1.06%, respectively. The total acidity, sugar and alcohol contents of Makgeolli, but not pH, varied significantly by wheat cultivar (p<0.05). In terms of color values, the L-value of Baegjoongmil, a-value and b-value of Keumkangmil were highest. The reducing sugar contents was approximately 5.65~7.85 mg/mL, and those of Jogyeongmil and imported wheat were approximately 5.70 mg/mL lower. The yeast cell numbers did not differ significantly, with the exception of in the rice Makgeolli (p<0.05). Among the organic acids (citric, malic, pyruvic and lactic acids) in Makgeolli, citric acid was present at the highest concentration. Regarding the sensory characteristics of Makgeolli mixed with barley and wheat, taste and overall acceptability were highest in Baegjoongmil, and appearance and flavor were highest in Keumkangmil. The rice Makgeolli showed the lowest sensory values, with the exception of appearance. The results of this study suggest that mixing Makgeolli with barley and wheat is an expected to replace the wheat materials in the domestic wheat to be imported.
Functional Analysis of the Invariant Residue G791 of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA
Song, Woo-Seok,Kim, Hong-Man,Kim, Jae-Hong,Sim, Se-Hoon,Ryou, Sang-Mi,Kim, Sang-Goo,Cha, Chang-Jun,Cunningham, Philip R.,Bae, Jee-Hyeon,Lee, Kang-Seok The Microbiological Society of Korea 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.5
The nucleotide at position 791(G791) of E. coli 16S rRNA was previously identified as an invariant residue for ribosomal function. In order to characterize the functional role of G791, base substitutions were introduced at this position, and mutant ribosomes were analyzed with regard to their protein synthesis ability, via the use of a specialized ribosome system. These ribosomal RNA mutations attenuated the ability of ribosomes to conduct protein synthesis by more than 65%. A transition mutation (G to A) exerted a moderate effect on ribosomal function, whereas a transversion mutation (G to C or U) resulted in a loss of protein synthesis ability of more than 90%. The sucrose gradient profiles of ribosomes and primer extension analysis showed that the loss of protein-synthesis ability of mutant ribosomes harboring a base substitution from G to U at position 791 stems partially from its inability to form 70S ribosomes. These findings show the involvement of the nucleotide at position 791 in the association of ribosomal subunits and protein synthesis steps after 70S formation, as well as the possibility of using 16S rRNA mutated at position 791 for the selection of second-site revertants in order to identify ligands that interact with G791 in protein synthesis.
A Simple Strategy for Sensorless Speed Control for an IPMSM During Startup and Over Wide Speed Range
Sim, Hyun-Woo,Lee, June-Seok,Lee, Kyo-Beum The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.5
This paper presents a hybrid sensorless control for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for zero-, low-, and high-speed regions. Many sensorless control methods such as an observer-based estimator have been introduced. However, most of the observer-based estimators have a disadvantage at start-up and in the low-speed region. To solve this problem, a simple strategy of using a hybrid system is proposed by integrating a high-frequency (HF) signal injection method and a full-order flux observer. In addition, an HF signal injection method with only a low pass filter (LPF) is proposed to simplify the hybrid system. The hybrid system achieves high-performance drive throughout the entire speed range. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid technique is verified by experiments using an 11-kW IPMSM drive system.
Sim, Sang Jun,Kang, Youn Seok,Kim, Woo Sik 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.3
As raw water quality gets worse, a great number of advanced techniques have been developed and adapted for water treatment to provide safe and high-quality drinking water. One of various water treatment processes is biological treatment, which is suitable for advanced water treatment, followed by conventional treatment processes. In this paper, we propose ozonation and biofiltration by a rope-type biofiltration contactor for the effective removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from the source of drinking water. The removal efficiencies of NOM were evaluated under various experimental conditions, such as ozone contact time, empty bed contact time (EBCT), media density of the sedimentation tank, and turbidity of the raw water. The combination of pre-ozonation and bio-filtration was found to be very effective for removing biodegradable organic matter as well as the turbidity of raw water. We expect that the biological rope media biofiltration contactor, with pre-ozonation, may be complimentary units for NOM removal when employed in a conventional water treatment process. This process can be easily introduced in small-and medium-scale water purification units.
Sim, Hyun-Woo,Lee, June-Seok,Lee, Kyo-Beum The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.2
This paper presents estimation of d-axis and q-axis inductance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) by using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF is widely used for control applications including the motor sensorless control and parameter estimation. The motor parameters can be changed by temperature and air-gap flux. In particular, the variation of the inductance affects torque characteristics like the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control. Therefore, by estimating the parameters, it is possible to improve the torque characteristics of the motor. The performance of the proposed estimator is verified by simulations and experimental results based on an 11kW PMSM drive system.
Sim, Se-Hoon,Yeom, Ji-Hyun,Shin, Choy,Song, Woo-Seok,Shin, Eunkyoung,Kim, Hong-Man,Cha, Chang-Jun,Han, Seung Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Kim, Si Wouk,Hahn, Yoonsoo,Bae, Jeehyeon,Lee, Kangseok Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Molecular microbiology Vol.75 No.2
<P>Summary</P><P>During the course of experiments aimed at identifying genes with ribonuclease III (RNase III)-dependent expression in <I>Escherichia coli</I>, we found that steady state levels of <I>bdm</I> mRNA were dependent on cellular concentrations of RNase III. The half-lives of adventitiously overexpressed <I>bdm</I> mRNA and the activities of a transcriptional <I>bdm‘–’cat</I> fusion were observed to be dependent on cellular concentrations of RNase III, indicating the existence of <I>cis</I>-acting elements in <I>bdm</I> mRNA responsive to RNase III. <I>In vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> cleavage analyses of <I>bdm</I> mRNA identified two RNase III cleavage motifs, one in the 5′-untranslated region and the other in the coding region of <I>bdm</I> mRNA, and indicated that RNase III cleavages in the coding region constitute a rate-determining step for <I>bdm</I> mRNA degradation. We also discovered that downregulation of the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase III is required for the sustained elevation of RcsB-induced <I>bdm</I> mRNA levels during osmotic stress and that cells overexpressing <I>bdm</I> form biofilms more efficiently. These findings indicate that the Rcs signalling system has an additional regulatory pathway that functions to modulate <I>bdm</I> expression and consequently, adapt <I>E. coli</I> cells to osmotic stress.</P>