아산시 송악저수지의 수질오염 현황 및 부영양화 저감방안 연구

손부순,염윤기,이종화,장봉기,박종안 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

This study was conducted to estimate the water pollution load, water quantity and quality of inflow stream, status of water pollution and reduction of eutrophication in the Song-ak lake in Asan city. Inflow of branch to Song-ak lake has three streams, one is Eu-gok stream which has the most width of inflow area and another is Dong-hwa stream and the other is Ma-gok stream. The sampling numbers for water quality are 30 points from the sediment of bottom in the Song-ak lake from June, 1997 to ay, 1998. Water quality had been tested for water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solid(SS), total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P), colony numbers of E. coli, chlorophyll-α. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe, Pb, Cd) were analyzed by the migration test of the sediment. The results were as follows; The rate of water pollution by the livestock wastewater of the total water pollution load for BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were 59.8%, 82.9%, 56.1% and 90.6%, respectively. Mean daily inflow was 25,369m3. Quantity of inflow was highest at Eu-gok stream. The mean levels of pH, DO, COD, SS, T-N, and colony numbers of E. coli of the inflow water were 7.52, 10.25mg/ℓ, 2.12 mg/ℓ, 3.03 mg/ℓ, 2.25 mg/ℓ, 0.11 mg/ℓ and 1,795/100㎖, respectively. The worst inflow water quality was observed at Dong-hwa stream. The mean levels of pH, DO, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, T-N/T-P and colony numbers of E. coli at Song-ak lake were 8.06, 9.32mg/ℓ, 6.83 mg/ℓ, 4.78 mg/ℓ, 1.66 mg/ℓ, 0.115 mg/ℓ, 20.75 and 64/100㎖, respectively. these are higher than class IV by environmental water quality standards for lake. Mean level of trophic state index was 59.4. The mean levels of T-N, T-P, Fe and Pb by migration test of sediment at Song-ak lake were 259.7ppm, 10.546ppm, 1,704ppm and 8.54ppm, respectively. As the water pollution was mainly caused by livestock waste, the strategy for the reduction of eutrophication of the Song-ak lake should be concentrated on the control of the livestock waste.

[논문]부산광역시 지하철역의 오염물질 농도 변화에 관한 연구

이화운,박종길,장난심,이희령,김희만 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2004 環境硏究報 Vol.22 No.-

on the variation of Air Pollutants concentration in Subway Station at Busan Metropolitan City

젊은 남자에게 발생한 통상성 간질성 폐렴과 동반된 폐암 1예

박종숙,이준혁,박성우,장안수,박춘식,박재성,백상현,고은석,신화균 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP) is relatively rare disease of lung parenchyme under the age of 50. Lung cancer is reported to occur as a complication of UIP, but has not been reported in young age patient with UIP in Korea. A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea, cough and mild fever. He had been suffered from dyspnea during 3 years. The dyspnea worsened recent 1 month ago. He had been treated with pneumonia at another hospital during 4 months before this admission. Chest radiographs and High resolution CT showed subpleural and basal dominant reticular opacities in both lung with no change until now. He was smoker and his occupation was car engine-man dealing with benzene. UIP is suspected by history and radiologic findings. Operation for open lung biopsy was performed to obtain lung specimen via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Patient's pathologic examination showed UIP combined with adenocarcinoma in RLL superior segment and posterobasal segment and RLL lobectomy was done. After operation, the patient has been in cancer free condition so far. We report a case of UIP combined with lung cancer in young man with brief review of the literature.

우리나라 화학물질 관련 사고 대비 및 대응체계 분석

이종화,장봉기,박종안,김은화,김춘득,여은영,남상훈 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2004 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Recently, several large chemical accidents took place in many countries. Therefore, many countries strengthened the regulation related to management of chemical safety. In case of our country, about 500 chemical accidents took place for the past decay. The preparation and response system for chemical accidents is a most important element for management of chemical safety. In this study, we analyze the preparation and response system for chemical accidents described in several regulations of our country, and suggest a more appropriate management system for chemical safety. Accident report documents vary among the Toxic Chemical Control Law, the Fire Services Law and the Industrial Safety and Health Law. In case of the Fire Services Law, there is not a concrete description about the source chemical of accident. The response authority for chemical accident is dualistic. Minister of Government Administration and Home Affairs is responsible for emergent rescue, on the other hand, ministers of central administrative branches are in charge of reconstruction of chemical accident. Therefore these dualistic system make confuse in response to a large chemical accident.

부산광역시 지하공간의 CO 대기질 평가

이화운,박종길,장난심,이희령,김희만 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

With increasing population denities in cities, underground facilities and entertainment are proliferating at a rapid pace in efforts to maximize the use of land. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CO concentration level of subway stations having underground platforms in Busan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seven times. The places of inquiry include Yongsan-dong station. The samplings were conducted at three point of each station, i.e. gate ticket gates, and platforms. The component of CO concentration is the main elements of indoor air quality evaluation. The total concentrations and average concentration of CO were the higher at the average concentration of CO were the higher at the Somyon station. The distribution of CO concentrations at each station, generally was higher at gate than ticket gates platforms. The I?O ratios(I-platforms, O-gates) were expressed highly than 1 at the Yongsan-dong station, Busan station, Nampo-dong station and were lower 1 at others.

아산시 신정호소의 수질오염 현황 및 부영양화 저감 방안

박종안,이종화,장봉기 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to estimate the amount of water pollution load, water quantity and quality of inflow stream, status of water pollution and reduction of eutrophication in the Sinjung lake in Asan city. Inflow of branch to Sinjung lake have two streams, one is Cho-sa stream which are Ki-san bridge and Cho-sa bridge and the other is Hwang-san stream. Number of sampling points for water quality are 23 in the Sinjung lake and it's sediment of bottom from March to July, 1997. Water quality had been tested pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solid(SS), total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P), E.coli group, and spring out test for sediment are total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe, Pb, Cd). The results were as follows; Amounts of pollution load were highest at Cho-sa stream. The ratio of livestock wastewater was occupied with the above 90% of total water pollution load. Mean daily inflow of Cho-sa stream and Hwang-san stream were 34,092㎥ and 25,524㎥, respectively. In mean level of inflow water quality, COD, SS, T-N, T-P and E. coli group were 16.96㎎/ℓ, 50.3㎎/ℓ, 5.85㎎/ℓ, 0.51㎎/ℓ and 4,096/100㎖, respectively. Water quality of inflow was worst at the point of Ki-san bridge in Cho-sa stream. Mean level of DO, COD, SS, T-N, T-P and E. coli group were 6.43㎎/ℓ, 17.11㎎/ℓ, 194.0㎎/ℓ, 5.96㎎/ℓ, 0.56㎎/ℓ and 2,191/100㎖, respectively at Sinjung lake. These are higher than class V by environmental water quality standards for lake. Spring out level of T-N, T-P, Fe and Pb in sediment of Sinjung lake were 326.6ppm, 17.9ppm, 624.2ppm and 2.65ppm, respectively.

특수학교 전공과 운영개선 방안

류문화,김종무,유애란,이상훈,장병연 국립특수교육원 2000 연구보고서 Vol.- No.3

특수학교 전공과 운영 개선방안 연구는 현재 특수학교에 설치되어 있는 전공과의 전반적인 현황을 문헌을 분석하여 살펴보고, 설문지조사 및 방문조사를 실시하여 전공과 운영실태와 전공과 설치에 대한 요구사항을 파악하여 전공과 운영의 적절성과 효율성을 높이기 위한 개선방안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 본 연구의 주된 내용으로는 문헌을 통해 전공과의 설치현황과 설치근거, 설치배경 및 설치과정, 전공과와 직업교육 및 전환교육과의 관계, 전공과 운영의 문제점 등을 분석하여 기술하였으며, 그 다음 설문지조사 및 방문조사 실시 과정과 실시 결과를 요약 정리하여 기술한 후, 이를 토대로 개선방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 조사는 2000년 6월 8일부터 6월 30일까지 실시하였으며, 연구방법은 전공과 설치학교의 운영상의 문제점을 파악하기 위해 전국의 특수학교 전공과 설치학교를 대상으로 운영실태 조사를, 지역을 고려한 전공과 미설치학교를 대상으로 요구조사를 설문지를 통해 실시하였다. 이와 병행하여 전공과 설치학교 중 장애영역과 지역을 고려한 14개교를 방문조사 하였으며, 설문지조사는 우편으로 조사하였고, 방문조사는 본원 연구자 및 공동 연구자가 대상학교를 직접 방문하여 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 다음으로는 설문지조사 및 방문조사를 실시하여 나타난 운영실태 조사와 요구조사 결과에 의해 도출된 문제점과 이에 대한 개선방안을 알아보고 결론과 제언을 제시하고자 한다. 운영실태 조사 결과 나타난 문제점은 전공과에 대하여 전공과에 재학하고 있는 학생의 학부모와 지역사회의 협조가 잘 이루어지지 않으며, 전공과에 대한 국가나 시·도 교육청의 행·재정적인 지원행정이 미흡하고, 학교에서 선택한 직종과 취업의 연계가 어렵고 지원고용이 실시되지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 전공과 지도교사에 대한 자격기준을 마련할 것과 성공적인 전공과 운영을 위해서는 전문요원의 학보와 배치를 위한 국가차원의 기준안 마련이 시급하다고 하였으며, 향후 전공과 설치는 현재 전공과를 운영하는데 미흡하고 어려운 점이 있다 하더라도 장애학생들의 사회로의 전환을 위해서는 전공과를 확대 설치되어야 한다는 의견을 제시하였다. 전공과를 설치하고 있지 않은 특수학교 중 21개교가 전공과 운영 요구조사에 참여하였으며, 설문지에 응답한 학교는 대체적으로 현재 전공과 운영에 대한 상황을 파악하고 있었고, 대다수 학교가 전공과 우녕이 부실하게 운영되고 있는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 또한 전공과가 원활히 이루어지기 위해서는 행·재정적인 지원이 필요하고 전공과 정체성 확립이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 그리고 다수의 교사들이 전공과의 정체성 확립, 교육과정 개발, 전문교원의 배치, 행·재정적인 지원체계 확립을 통해 장애학생들의 학교에서 직업·사회로의 성공적인 전환을 위한 전공과 설치가 필요하다고 하였다. 방문조사 결과를 요약하면, 모든 전공과 설치학교는 교육과정 운영, 교재선정, 교사 배치, 별도의 지침 등이 없기 때문에 학교마다 다양하게 전공과를 운영하고 있었으며 학교 자체계획으로 전공과 관련 학칙 및 운영규칙을 마련하여 시행하고 있었다. 정신지체학교 전공과는 계속 신설되고 있는 추세이며, 현재의 전공과 형태를 수정하여 보호작업장과 그룹 홈의 형태로 운영하는 것을 바라고 있었고, 청각장애학교 전공과 운영의 가장 큰 문제점으로는 입학할 학생이 없어 전공과 운영이 부실하게 운영되고 있었다. 특히, 시각장애학교의 경우는 전공과 운영에 모든 기대를 걸고 있었으며 단순한 기능의 심화나 고등부 연장을 위한 또 다른 형태의 학제가 아닌 전문의료인을 양성하기 위한 심화과정으로 인식하고 있었다. 이상의 내용을 종합하여 결론적으로 전공과 운영 개선방안을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전공과 정체성 정립의 문제로서 전공과의 역할을 분명하게 해야 한다. 둘째, 전공과를 확대 설치해야 하며 각 학교의 장애영역, 지역 등의 특성에 따른 학교별 전공과 운영 모형 및 지침이 개발되어야 한다. 셋째, 전공과 대상학생들에 대한 선발, 직업평가, 직업훈련, 배치, 추수지도 등에 대한 운영체제를 확립해야 한다. 넷째, 전공과의 교육과정은 학생의 수준과 장애의 특성을 고려한 직업훈련 교육과정으로 편성해야 한다. 다섯째, 장애유형에 따라 전공과 운영을 특성화해야 한다. 여섯째, 시설, 장비, 재료 등에 대한 행·재정적 지원체제를 확립해야 한다. 여덟째, 전공과 담당교사의 전문성이 확보해야 한다. 아홉째, 효율적인 전공과 운영을 위해서는 관련부처들(교육부, 노동부, 보건복지부 등)이 상호 협조하는 지원체제가 확립되어야 한다. In our country, professional skill training has been administrated as educational curriculum above one year after graduating high school for the students with disabilities in special school since 1993. This is defined as Specialized Vocational Program(SVP) in this study. This study investigated the actual management condition and management needs assessment of the SVP in order to improve the quality of vocational education through suggesting the way of improvement for appropriateness and effectiveness of menagement. This study was conducted by a review of the literature about the SVP through a survey and interview in the field of special schools. The major content of this study describes the actual condition, basis, background, and progress of the SVP establishment, the relationship among vocational education, the SVP, and transition education, and the problem of management of the SVP. For this study, a mail survey and interview were used. These were conducted from June 8 to June 30 2000. The mail survey on the actual management condition of the SVP was conducted in twenty-five special schools (except one special school, Sunhee School) in the nation. An interview on the actual management condition of the SVP was conducted by researchers in fourteen special schools which were selected based on disability categories and regions. A mail survey on management needs assessment of the SVP was conducted in twenty special schools which do not have the SVP. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the survey data. Following are the results of the study from the survey and interview in this research, discussion of results, and recommendations to improve the management of the SVP. 1. Results of the survey on actual management condition of special school with SVP. 1) Poor Cooperation between parents and community; 2) Poor vacational curriculum and field training; 3) Poor implementation in supported employment; 4) National level qualification reference for professionals and teachers; 5) Poor administrative and financial support from the central and local educational administration for SVP. 2. Results fo the survey on management needs assessment needs assessment of special school without SVP. 1) The actual management condition of SVP is well realized(75%); 2) SVP is poorly implemented in the schools(86%); 3) Appropriate vocational curriculum and field training needs to be developed; 4) Professional personnel needs to be placed in schools; 5) Administrative and financial support from the central and local government for SVP need to be expanded; 6) The identity of SVP needs to be more strongly established. 3. Results of the interview on actual management condition of special school with SVP. 1) There is no national standard for curriculum, textbook selection, and teacher placement on SVP. Thus, each special school develops its own curriculum and administration regulation; 2) The SVP in many schools for mental retardation is being increased. People in these school want a sheltered workshop and a group home program added to the SVP; 3) The SVP in the schools for hearing impairment does not attract students; 4) The curriculum does not fully reflect the student's vocational aptitude, ability, and preference; 5) Cooperation among the educational departments (ministry of education, ministry of labor, and ministry of health and welfare) in the field is not set. Conclusion are as follows. 1) The identity(concept, role, and, purpose) of SVP needs to be clarified. 2) The SVP needs to be installed in more special schools nationwide, and improved according to the local characteristics of the schools. 3) The administrative system of SVP needs to be improved and specialized : Student selection, vocational assesment, training, placement, and follow-up, and category of disability. 4) The curriculum of SVP should be developed according to the students' characteristics, ability, and interest. 5) Financial and administrative support need to be increased for facilities equipment, and materials. 6) Professionalism needs to be guarnateed. 7) Related government departments (ministry of education, ministry of labor, and ministry of health and welfare) need to cooperate more actively for the effective operation of the SVP.

一部 樂器의 演奏音에 의한 暴露歷이 聽力에 미치는 影響

박종안,장봉기,이종화,안규동,이영세 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1997 순천향산업의학 Vol.3 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of playing musical instruments on hearing threshold level from May to October, in 1997. Pure tone audiometric tests was provided to musical instruments playing group of total 117 subjects(Samullnori; 35, military band; 25, symphony orchestra; 46, piano; 11), and reference group of total 7,477 subjects, selected after excluding workers with history of ear disease, of ototoxic drug administration, of noise induced hearing loss at workplace in Pohang industrial area. In addition, noise exposure levels of musical instrument players were assessed by noise dosimetry(exchange rate; 5dB, threshold level; 80dB, criterion level; 90dB), and produced age-adjusted hearing threshold level(=hearing threshold level of musical instrument player - hearing threshold level in same age of normal population group). The age-adjusted hearing threshold levels were analyzed by musician's career. The results were as follows; 1. The hearing threshold level of reference group was revealed more increased as within 4.98dB to 6.89dB at 1 KHz and within 5.26dB to 14.46dB at 4 KHz by ages than "the Standard of Age-adjusted Hearing Loss by Frequency(OSHA)" used for special health examination in the Ministry of Labour. 2. Equivalent continuous sound exposure level (Leq) by the group of instrumentalist was as following; within 104.95 to 112.62dB in samullnori, the highest, within 100.18 to 103.49dB in military band, within 77.00 to 82.74dB in symphony orchestra and 81.54dB in piano, the lowest. Playing maximum sound level by each musical instrument was as following; 122.8dB in Kkwaenggwari, the highest, 122.7dB in Changgo, 121.8dB in Alto saxophone, 115.5dB in Trumpet, 119.2dB in Horn, 112.8dB in Pungmul Buk and Ching, 112.5dB in Clarinet. 3. Average age-adjusted hearing threshold levels of instrumentalists were -0.65±6.38dB in left ear, -0.92±6.59dB in right ear at 1 KHz, and -1.14±12.88dB in left ear, -1.53±12.77dB at 4 KHz, which were better than normal, but the average age-adjusted hearing threshold levels of Samullnori players were 1.23±5.22dB in left ear, 1.94±6.91dB in right ear at 1KHz, and 8.40±15.75dB in left ear. 7.13±14.97dB in right ear at 4KHz, which were worse than normal. 4. Hearing threshold level in Samullnori players was increased with their career at 4 KHz, especially it increased rapidly when the musicians had played over 10years. It showed that there was a significant relationship between hearing threshold level and the career (P<0.01).

우리나라 화학물질 분류 및 표시체계 분석

박종안,장봉기,이종화,김은화,김춘득,여은영,남상훈 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2004 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.2

Classification and Labelling system of Chemicals is a very important element for management of chemical safety. Classification and labelling system of Chemicals is very different among countries. This becomes a barrier for transportation of chemicals across counties. Recently, several international organizations (OECD,UNEP,ILO etc.) endeavor to harmonize classification and labelling of chemicals. In this study, we analyze classification and labelling system of chemical described in several regulations of our country, and examine acivities of IOMC(Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals)for harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals. The Toxic Chemical Control Law, the Fire Services Law and the Industrial Safety and Health Law are the major regulation of management of chemical safety. Classification and labelling systems of chemical vary among several regulations. Particularly, labelling system of chemicals in transport vehicles are not appropriate in response to chemical accident. We suggest that task force team consisted with inter-administrative branches is needed to harmonize classification and labelling of chemicals, and recommend the introduction of UN number in labelling systems of chemicals in transport vehicles.

중성자에 조사된 원자로 압력용기 재료(SA508)의 Magneto-acoustic emission 효과

홍준화,박덕근,옥치일,김장환,이종규 韓國非破壞檢査學會 1999 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.19 No.6

원자로 압력용기 재료인 SA508 steel을 온도 70 ℃와 대기압하에서 최고 10 n/㎠까지 중성자를 조사시켜 조사량에 따른 미세경도 변화와 magneto-acoustic emission(MAE) 에너지를 측정하였다. 중성자 조사에 따른 경도의 변화는 조사량이 10 /㎠까지는 거의 일정하였으나, 조사량이 10 /㎠이상에서 급격히 증가하였다. MAE 에너지의 변화는 중성자 조사량에 따라 경도의 변화와 같은 형태로 변하였으나 그 변화량은 감소하여 그변화의 추이는 경도의 변화와는 역의 형태였고, 또한 MAE에너지의 상대적 변화와 경도 변화사이에는 아주 좋은 선형성을 보였다. 이러한 결과에서 SA508 강재는 10 /㎠이상의 중성자에 조사될 경우에 재료에 중성자 조사에 의한 미세 결함이 급격히 증가하여 전위(dislocation)이동에 대한 저항성을 나타내는 마찰경화의 증가가 경도의 증가를 유발하고, 또한 이러한 미세 결함은 자기장과의 반응에서는 90°자벽의 운동중에 자기탄성 변화를 유도하여 MAE 에너지의 감소를 유발함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 경도의 변화량보다 MAE 에너지의 변화량이 더 크게 나타나, 중성자 조사에 의한 미세결함은 기계적 성질보다 자기적 성질에 더 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.따라서 MAE가 중성자 조사에 의한 재료의 미세 구조 결함을 비파괴적인 방법으로 평가하는 강력한 도구의 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Magneto-acoustic emission (MAE) energy and hardness were measured in the reactor pressure vessel steel (SA508 Steel) for the various neutron fluence, irradiated dose up to 10 n/㎠. The hardness was nearly a constant up to 10 n/㎠, but it was rapidly increased with an increase of the neutron irradiation above 10 n/㎠. It may be considered that the increase of hardness is due to the hindrance of dislocation motion induced defect clusters by irradiation. On the other hand, the MAE energy was slowly decreased as the neutron irradiation increased up to 10 n/㎠ and it was rapidly decreased with an increase of the neutron irradiation increased up to 10 n/㎠ and it was rapidly decreased with an increase of the neutron irradiation above 10 n/㎠. The decrease of the MAE energy may be considered as an increase of the defect clusters which is very sensitive to the 90°domain wall motion. Furthermore, the change of MAe energy and hardness had nearly a linear relationship, but the change of MAE energy was more significant than the change of the hardness. Therefore, MAe may be considered as a very useful technique for the nondestructive evaluation of irradiation damage.