원인 없는 열로 입원한 생후 28일에서 90일 사이 영아들에 대한 임상적 고찰

류민혁,노윤일,이성훈,이선영,허남진,이동진,Rye, Min Hyuk,Noh, Yn Il,Lee, Seong Hun,Lee, Sun Young,Hur, Nam Jin,Lee, Dong Jin 대한소아감염학회 2001 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.8 No.2

목 적 : 최근 3개월 이하의 열이 나는 영아에서 특정 임상 경과나 검사실 소견으로 확인된 일부의 환자들은 심각한 세균 감염에 대해 저위험군에 속하며 이들은 외래 치료가 가능할 수도 있다고 한다. 본원 소아과에서는 원인 없이 열이 나는 생후 28일에서 90일 사이의 어린 영아들은 패혈증 의심하에 입원하여 세균성 원인이 아니라는 것이 밝혀질 때까지는 항생제를 투여하였다. 지난 1년 동안 원인 없이 열이 나서 입원 치료한 이 연령군의 영아들을 임상적으로 분석하여 앞으로 치료 방향에 도움을 얻고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 울산동강병원 소아과에 원인 없이 열이 나서(직장 체온${\geq}38^{\circ}C$) 패혈증 의심하에 입원 치료하였던 131례를 대상으로 성별분포, 계절분포, 원인질환, 발열기간 등을 후향적으로 검토하였다. 또한, 심각한 세균감염증에 대한 저위험군의 환아를 식별하기 위해 흔히 사용되는 기준인 개선된 Rochester criteria를 이용하여 대상환아들을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아 131례 중 요로감염이 60례(45.8%)로서 가장 많았고, 무균성 뇌막염이 33례(25.2%), 균혈증 2례(1.5%), 특별한 진단명을 붙일 수 없는 예가 36례(27.5%)였다. 균혈증 2례의 원인균은 Staphylococcus aureus였다. Rochester criteria의 저위험군에 속하는 예가 57례(43.5%), 그렇지 않은 군에 속하는 예가 74례(56.5%)였으며, 요로감염은 저위험군, 그렇지 않은 군은 각각 43.8%, 47.3%, 무균성 뇌막염이 각각 28.1%, 23.0%, 특별한 진단명을 붙일 수 없는 예가 각각 28.1%, 27.0%로서 두 군간의 차이가 없어 Rochester criteria가 본 연구대상 환아들에게는 이들 질환을 구별할 수 있다는 결론을 얻지 못했다. 2례의 균혈증은 모두 저위험군이 아닌 군에 속해 있었다. 남아 85례, 여아 46례로서 남녀비가 1.8 : 1이였고, Rochester criteria에 의한 저위험군과 그렇지 않은 군의 남녀비는 1.9 : 1, 1.8 : 1오서 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. 봄철과 여름철에 각각 35.1%, 36.7% 발생하여 대다수를 차지하였고 무균성 뇌막염은 봄철 16례(48.5%), 여름철 13례(39.4%), 겨울철 4례(12.1%) 발생하였는데, 봄철에 발생한 환아 중 12례는 5월에, 여름철에 발생한 13례 중 12례는 6월에 발생하여 5월과 6월에 대부분 발생하였다. 항생제 투여 후 발열이 소실되는 기간이 48시간 이내에 61.8%, 72시간 이내가 83.2%로서 48~72시간 이내에 대부분의 열이 소실되었으며, Rochester criteria에 의한 저위험군과 그렇지 않은 군의 비교시 48시간 이내가 각각 54.4%, 67.6%, 72시간 이내가 각각 78.9%, 86.5%로서 두군간의 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 생후 28일에서 90일 사이의 원인 없이 열이 나는 어린 영아는 철저한 이학적 검사와 검사실 소견으로 저위험군에 속하는 경우 보호자가 잘 돌볼 능력이 있고 의사와 연락이 잘 되는 경우 외래 치료가 가능하겠으며, 소변 배양 검사는 채뇨백보다는 도뇨관 채뇨법이나 방광 천자로서 채취한 소변으로 검사를 실시해야 하겠다. 향후 좀 더 바람직한 치료방침을 정하기 위해서 전향적인 연구가 꼭 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical features of hospitalized infants 28~90 days of age with fever without source and to analyze those of young febrile infants using risk criteria for serious bacterial infection. Methods : The clinical features of 131 infants 28~90 days of age admitted to the Ulsan Dong-Kang General Hospital Pediatric Department because of fever(temperature ${\geq}38^{\circ}C$ rectally) without source, from January 2000 to December 2000, were investigated by retrospective chart review. The clinical features of 131 febrile infants were analyzed using Rochester criteria. Results : Among 131 cases, there were 60 cases(45.8%) of urinary tract infection, 33 cases (25.2%) of aseptic meningitis, 2 cases(1.5%) of bacteremia and 36 cases(27.5%) of no specific diagnosis. Among 131 cases, there were 57 cases(43.5%) in low risk group and 74 cases(56.5%) in not low risk one by Rochester criteria. A significant difference in the incidence of urinary tract infection, aseptic meningitis and no specific diagnosis was not found between both groups. Male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1. Sex ratio between both groups was not significantly different. Most febrile infant were noted in spring(35.1%) and the summer(36.7%). The peak incidence of aseptic meningitis was noted in May and June. The fever subsided mostly within 48~72 hours after administering antimicrobial agents(61.8~83.2%). A significant difference in duration of fever after administering antimicrobial agents was not found between both groups. Conclusion : A selected group of low risk infants 28~90 days of age with fever without source can be managed as outpatients provided that a thorough initial evaluation is performed, that parents can reliably monitor their infant closely at home and that careful follow up can be assured. Because bag collected specimens were more likely to yield indeterminate urine culture result, a suprapubic or catheter obtained urine specimen for culture is a necessary part of the evaluation of all febrile infants 28~90 days of age. The further prospective study on evaluation and management of young febrile infant should be performed in our hospital.

소중합 디엔체인 1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-trithione의 Diels-Alder 형태의 [2+4] 고리화 첨가 반응에 관한 연구

노동윤,이하진,김영윤 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.8 No.-

A Diels-Alder type [2+4] cycloaddition reaction of oligomeric diene (1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-trithione : (C3S5)n) with dienophiles containing warious functional groups was studied. Extended multisulfur system was achieved via [2+4] cycloaddition of TTF(1). Quinone(4), dienophiles containing cyanyl group(5-7), triple bond(14-17) and conjugated double bonds (25,26), however, failed to form cycloadducts with (C3S5)n. the reaction of (C3S5)n with dienophiles containing electron withdrawing groups such as -Co2CH3(18), phenyl(19-24), ferrocenyl(27,28), pyridyl(29,32) group was readily achieved. In case of asymmetrical dienophiles such as 19, 27, 29 and 30, the electron withdrawing ability was more efficient than symmetric dienophiles. Dienophiles of 4-vinyl pyridine group(30,32) were more reactive than that of 2-vinyl pyridine group(29,31). This reaction also could be carried out by photoreaction as well as direct thermal reaction. Eventhaugh we observed no reaction between 6 and (C3S5)n by direct thermal method, it yielded some cycloadduct via photoreaction even in very low yield. The cycloadducts, EDT-DTT derivatives, were converted to EDT-DTO derivatives using Hg(OAc)2 in CHCI3. The EDT-DTT(O) DERIVATIVES can be good can-didates as precursors to organic electronic materials.

반도체소자의 고속마킹검사를 위한 vision system 개발

노영동,주효남,김주식 湖西大學校 工業技術硏究所 2005 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.24 No.-

In this paper, we propose the high speed making/surface inspection algorithm, that use adaptive automatic acquisition algorithm and real time matching algorithm of model data. The proposed automatic acquisition algorithm to obtain the adaptive model data extracts the interesting regions to fit in semiconductor characteristics, and create models of several semiconductor regardless of position and type. The proposed teal time matching algorithm uses geometrical pattern matching method to minimize effect of external environment of making/surface and only use semiconductor characteristic information. The proposed system has faster processing time than the conventional method. Also the proposed one has a good performance.

고도정수처리 공정에서의 천연유기물질 특성변화 및 소독부산물 전구물질의 제거특성 평가

노재순,손희종,박은주,황영도,최동훈,배석문,신판세 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 環境硏報 Vol.12 No.1

In this research the movement and apparent molecular weight distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic matters in advanced water treatment process were investigated using the raw water of Maeri area, located in downstream of Nakdong river, and the variation of the disinfection by-product formation potential was also investigated. In the raw water used in experiments, the content of BDOC (biodegradable dissolved organic carbon) in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was about 39%, and this value is far above a normal, Pre-ozone treatment showed an increase of 40% in the BDOC content, and this means that biodegradability was remarkably increased by ozone treatment BDOC concentration in BAC treated water was 0.09 mg/L, which means 84% of BDOC removal rate compared with that in post-ozone treated water. The variation of chlorine disinfection by-product formation potential in each process unit of water treatment process was analyzed. TOXFP concentration in raw water was 449 ㎍/L, and the contents of THMFP and HAAFP among TOXFP were 24% and 23%, respectively. The removabilities of these materials BAC process had an order of TOXFP > HAAFP > THMFP. BAC process was less effective for THMFP than others. The distribution of hydrophilic organic matters were evaluated in each treatment process. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic matters in the raw water had a ratio of 50 : 50, and the ozone treatment decreased the content of hydrophobic matters. The BAC treatment made the ratio 85:15. These mean that the removal of hydrophilic matters is more difficult than that of hydrophobic materials in water treatment process. In addition the portions of humic and fulvic acid in hydrophobic matters were analyzed. Fulvic acid a large portion among hydrophobic matters in the raw water, and the portion was 78%. Ozone treatment was more effective on the removal of fulvic acid than humic acid. After BAC treatment, the concentration of residual fulvic acid was high than humic acid. Chlorine disinfection by-product formation for hydrophilic and hydrophobic mattrts was compared in each process unit. in the raw water TOXFP and THMFP formation for hydrophobic matter was higher, and HAAFP was highly formated for hydrophobic matter. After post-ozone or BAC treatment, chlorine disinfection by-product formation has high potential for hydrophobic matters. Comparing humic and fulvic acids, chlorine disinfection by-product formation potential was higher for humic acid than for fulvic acid in all processes. In the comparison of the reactivity with chlorine disinfection by-product per unit DOC, THMFP and DOXFP showed higher reactivity with hydrophobic matter than with hydrophilic matter in all processes, and HAAFP was highly reacitive with hydrophilic matter. Apparent molecular weight distributions of organic matters were investigated in each process step.The content of low molecular weight organic matters less than 1000 Da in DOC was high in all processes except raw water, but molecular weight organic matters more than 1000 da was higher than molecular weight organic matters less than 1000 Da in the formation potential of chlorine disinfection by-product.

Static Induction Transistor(SIT), Drive signal phase shift control, Induction heating

노채균,김동희,김종해,남승식,정원영,심광열 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.1

This paper proposed a novel SIT high frequency resonant inverter having drive signal phase shift control function. Phase control type inverters using SIT can realize a power conversion at the high switching frequency with low switching loss. Especially, the high output power can be obtained by connecting the output terminal of two unit inverters in series. The stability of system using protection circuit for over current and the automatic follow-up control for load variation by using PLL are presented. This inverter produces approximately sinusoidal waveform at a high frequency, ranging from 180 Khz to 220 Khz, and is applied to the 2KW induction heating. The operating characteristics of this inverter circuit are discussed from a theoretical point of view and compared with experimental results.

로손시약과 1,8-디케톤 화합물의 이상 반응

노동윤,이하진,김영윤 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.9 No.-

The new 1,3-dithiole-2-thione compound fused with diphenyl-containing ?? was synthesized by an unusual reaction of Lawesson's reagent ?? with 1,8-diketone and identified with FT-lR, El-MS and ^l3C-NMR. The reaction of Lawesson's reagent and diketone compounds gives different results depending on the property of functional group at a-position of ketone. This method can be developed as a new synthetic method of multisulfur compound which may be utilized as a precursor of organic conductors. Compound ?? will be a good candidate for the precursor of new TTF derivatives, too.

MX₄-형 유무기 혼성화물의 구성 성분인 TTF-아민 유도체에 대한 연구

강선영,이수경,노동윤 서울여자대학교 2010 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.22 No.-

TTF derivatives containing alkylamine moieties, which are to be used in the design of MX_(4)-type organic-inorganic hybrid, are plotted to be synthesized via a protection of amine moiety with the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group. Boc-BMTTTF and (Boc)_(2)-BMTTTF were characterized by FT-IR and (1)^H-NMR. The cyclic voltammetry of Boc-BMTTTF indicated the presence of TTF moiety in this compound and showed the same two one-electron redox cycles (E1/2^(1) = 0.590 V and E1/2^(2) = 0.866 V) as those of TTF (E_(1/21)^1 = 0.426 V, E_(1/2)^2= 0.795 V). The Boc derivatives of TTF can be used directly for the preparation of MX_(4)-type organic-inorganic hybrid after the one-step deprotection of Boc group using TsOH.

전반적발달장애 아동 및 발달성언어장애 아동의 뇌 단일광자방출전산화단층촬영 소견에 대한 예비연구

이호분,신의진,육기환,유영훈,노경선,송동호 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1997 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

두 가지 CET-EDTTTF 동질이상 화합물의 구조 비교

권선영,노동윤 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2005 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.17 No.-

CET-EDTTTF was synthesized and crystallized (CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)CH_(2)OH) in monoclinic system with P2(1) space group and the cell parameters: a = 5.0570(15)Å, b = 20.702(5)Å, c = 14.759(3)Å, beta = 90.30(2)°. CET-EDTTTF molecules arranged in bc-plane are stacking along the a-axis. There is no intermolecular S···S interaction shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of sulfur atom(3.70Å). When CET-EDTTTF was reacted with AgCF_(3)SO_(3), black single crystals of (CET-EDTTTF)·(solv) were obtained after crystallization. It crystallized in triclinic system with P-1 space group and the cell parameters: a = 6.5962(14)Å, b = 9.123(2)Å, c = 15.545(3)Å, alpha = 77.491(3)°, beta = 87.646(3)°, gamma = 69.332(3)°. CET-EDTTTF molecules form dimers with head-to-tail fashion, which are stacking along b-axis. The molecular sheets formed in ab-plane are separated by the solvated molecules. The CET-EDTTTF molecules in this sheet are connected by the intermolecular S···S interactions shorter than 3.70Å.

새로운 TIF 유도체의 합성 및 특성 분석

권선영,노동윤 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.16 No.-

금속배위 화합물의 리간드로 사용하기 위하여, 시안기, 히드록시기, 포스포네이트기를 갖는 새로운 4가지 TTF 유도체, (4-(cyanoethylthio)-4', 5'-(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene (CET-EDTTTF), 4-(hydroxyethylthio)-4', 5'-(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene (HET. EDTTTF), 4-[(3'-diethoxyphosphinyl) propyl] thio-4', 5'-(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene (EPPT-EDTTTF), 4, 4'-bis(cyanoethylthio) tetrathiafulvalene (BCET-TTF)) 를 포스파이트를 이용한 짝지음 반응으로 합성하여 분석하였다. 4개의 TTF 유도체들은 [TTF] ⇔ [TTF]^(+) ⇔ [TTF]^(2+) 과정에 해당하는 두 쌍의 산화-환원 피이크가 측정되었고, 이들의 첫 번째 산화전위 (Eox¹) 는 작용기들이 전자를 당기는 능력에 따라서 히드록시 (0.704V) <모노시안 (0.777V) <디시안(0.781V) <포스포네이트 (0.792V)의 순으로 증가하였다. X-선 결정구조 분석에 의하면 trans-BCET-TTF는 삼사정계이며 P-1 결정군에 속한다. 단위세포 파라미터는 a=5.050(4) Å, b = 10.605 (4)Å, C = 15.478 (9)Å, alpha = 77.27(4)°, beta=88.63(6)°, gamma=89.63(5)˚ 이다. Four TTF derivatives containing mono- and di-cvano, hydroxyl and diethylphosphonate groups, (4-(cyanoethylthio)-4', 5'-(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (CET-EDTTTF), 4-(hvdroxyethvlthio)-4', 5'-(ethvlenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene (HET-EDTTTF), 4-[(3'-diethoxyphosphinyl)propyl] thio-4', 5'-(ethylenedithio) tetrathiafulvalene (EPIT-EDTTTF), 4, 4'-bis(cyanoethylthio) tetrathiafulvalene (BCET-TTF)) have been synthesized, by the phosphite-based coupling method, and spectroscopically characterized. They showed two pairs of redox peaks corresponding to the processes of [TTF] ⇔ [TTF]^(+) ⇔ [TTF]^(2+). The first oxidation potentials (E' ox) are differentiated depending on the electron-withdrawing ability of the functional group such as 0.777 V (CET-EDTTTF), 0.704 V (HET-EDTTTF), 0.792 V (EPIT-EDTTTF) and 0.781 V (BCET-TTF). According to X-ray structure analysis data of trans- BCET-TTF, it crystallized in triclinic system with P~1 space group and cell parameters: a = 5.050 (4) Å, b = 10.605 (4) Å, c = 15.478 (9) Å, alpha = 77.27 (4)˚, beta = 88.63 (6)˚, gamma = 89.63 (5)˚.