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이원철 한국해운학회 2000 해운물류연구 Vol.30 No.-
Generally, Korean maritime actions of the Goryo(高麗) and Chosun(朝鮮) age Compared with maritime action of the unified Shilla(新羅) age taken the lead by Chang Bogo(張保皐) is judged to stagnate. Because maritime actions of the Goryo(高麗) and Chosun(朝鮮) age are reduced to run a coastal service which is called joun(漕運) from the ocean. Of course, maritime actions of the Goryo(高麗) and Chosun(朝鮮) age can be judged to stagnate from a point of view of reduced actions. But it may not be so from the other point of view of the quality of actions. This paper is written to demonstrate my temporary hypothesis like that. With a tool. I selected and studied few shipping wordings of the Chosun(朝鮮) age, and grasped a concept of wording like that, and compared it with present the shipping wording. Precisely I selected ① seonsang(船商), imun-eopja(賃運業者) and imsunju(賃船主) with the wording on shipping management, and ② seonka (船價), imka(賃價) and imsunka(賃船價) with the wording on the prices of a shipping service, and ③ seonjaepyo(船載表) with the wording on the bill of a contract of carriage, and ④ seokun(船軍), jokun(漕軍), sagong(沙工), dosagong(都沙工), nappo-jokun(納布漕軍), apryeong-manho(押領萬戶), haiun-pankwan(海運判官), yeongseon(領船), tongryeong(統領) and cheonho(千戶) with the wording on the person being engaged in a ship and its operation, and ⑤ jeongkan-bup(井間法), seongye-je(船契制), yunbeon-je(輪番制), jipjuje(執籌制), and jaeun-je(再運制) with the wording on the system of ship operation, and ⑥ seonan(船案) with the wording on the register of ship. The paper concludes that joun(漕運) is managed as commercial business at a very early stage. Although that is unreasonable when imun(賃運) or imseon(賃船) is compared with the voyage charter or time charter, joun(漕運) had the advanced shipping system for a modern western shipping system. Especially, that is an advanced fact for liner shipping or shipping conference of western shipping so called jakdaesamok(作隊事目) which is legislated in 1875.
흰쥐 대뇌세포의 저산소증 모델에서 黃芩에 의한 신경세포사 저해 효과
이원철,김완식,정승현,신길조,문일수 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.2
Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI(SB) is used in oriental medicine for the treatment of incipient strokes. Although it has been reported that SB is neuroprotective in a hypoxia model, its mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of SB on the modulation of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). Rat cerebrocortical cells were grown in neurobasal medium. On DIV12 cells were treated with SB (20 μg/ml) and given a hypoxic shock (2% O2/5% CO2, 3 hr) on DIV14. In situ hybridization using cRNA probe revealed that RARα mRNA punctae are distributed, in addition to nucleus, throughout neuronal dendrites, where SB upregulated its density by 69.8% (p=0.001) and 129.8% (p=0.001) in both normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. At the protein level, SB upregulated RARα in the neuronal soma by 78.8% (p=0.004) and 23.6% (p=0.001) in both normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. These results indicate that SB upregulates RARα in both normoxia and hypoxia, which might contribute to the neuroprotection.
Nanomechanical protein detectors based on the mechanical property measured by nano-gap actuators
이원철,조영호 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.1l
This paper presents a new method and an associated device for detecting the presence and size of protein based on a protein-inducedstiness change. Compared to the conventional mechanical method, the present nanomechanical method shows higher precision. Theand fabricate the nanomechanical protein detector using an electrothermal actuator and a nano-gap. In experimental study, we measuretwo stiness changing points and their coordinate shift between two cases (without/with target proteins). The fabricated device detectsthe protein presence and size of 14.0 ± 7.4 nm from this coordinate shift of stiness changing points. Therefore, we experimentally verifythe high-precision protein sensing capability of the nanomechanical protein detector.