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자기파괴와 재창조의 낭만적 유머 ― 루쉰(魯迅) ≪고사신편(故事新編)≫ 후기작의 ‘유활(油滑)’을 중심으로
黃靖惠 ( Hwang Jeonghyeo ) 중국어문연구회 2022 中國語文論叢 Vol.- No.108
Lin Yu-tang was the first Chinese to advocate “humour” in the early 1920s, but it did not attract much attention. However, in the 1930s, both intellectuals and the public discussed and enjoyed humour. Especially in 1933, when G. Bernard Shaw visited Shanghai, there was a craze for humour. The reason humour was so popular at the time was that it was also related to Shanghai’s public culture, but intellectuals regarded humor as a tool for renovation of reality. In the 1930s, China faced a crisis. Therefore, Luxun criticized Humour, who could not capture reality, and pursued a sharp laughter of criticism close to satire. On the other hand, Lin Yu-tang presented “humour” to establish modern humans that were not completed during the May 4<sup>th</sup> New Culture Movement. For him, Humour was a lifestyle and a way of looking at the world. Therefore, Chinese people with true humour have the internal power to overcome China’s reality with an active and energetic attitude. As such, the confrontation between the two stems from the difference in fundamental understanding of humour. Meanwhile, Luxun uses a new style of humour called “Youhua(油滑)” in the latter part of Old Stories Retold. Youhua contains laughter from the excess of words, and through this laughter, attempts to overcome the ironies of reality, including writer-himself. And finally, in the endless cycle of self-destruction and re-creation, the reality of contradiction and inconsistency was recognized and resolved. In this respect, this humour corresponds to “romantic humour”. Through this, Luxun breaks off from his past self and takes the first step toward a new world.
원인불명의 불임환자에서의 Transforming Growth Factor-β1, β2의 발현
황정혜 ( Jung Hye Hwang ),이재억 ( Jae Auk Lee ),장세진 ( Se Jin Jang ) 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.12
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of immunohistochemical localization of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in the human endometrium of fertile and infertile patients. Methods: We have studied the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in the human endometrium of fertile and infertile patients by immunohistochemical staining method. Results: In the women with unexplained infertility, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were not expressed in the epithelial and stromal cells during the whole menstrual phase. But in epithelial cells of the fertile women, TGF-β1 was moderately expressed in the secretory phase and TGF-β2 was moderately expressed in the proliferative and secretory phase. In stromal cells of the fertile women, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were not expressed in the proliferative and secretory phase, that are similar to the results of unexplained infertility. There are significant differences in the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 between infertile and fertile patients, especially in the secretory phase of epithelial cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the absence of expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 during the menstrual phase in women with unexplained infertility may have a negative effect on implantation and cell differentiation, and could result in ``incomplete`` embryo-maternal recognition, a possible consequence of which may be implantation failure.
파종성 결핵 환자에서 interferon-γ 수용체의 부분결핍에 관한 연구
황정혜 ( Jung Hye Hwang ),고원중 ( Won Jung Koh ),이신혜 ( Shin Hye Lee ),김은주 ( Eun Joo Kim ),강은해 ( Eun Hae Kang ),서지영 ( Gee Young Suh ),정만표 ( Man Pyo Chung ),김호중 ( Ho Joong Kim ),권오정 ( O Jung Kwon ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2005 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.58 No.1
연구배경 : 결핵의 발병에 유전적인 소인이 존재하며 숙주 면역 반응에 IFN-γ가 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 파종성 NTM 또는 BCG 감염증 환자에서 IFN-γ 수용체 유전자 돌연변이가 밝혀져 있는데, 결핵 환자에서 IFN-γ 수용체의 부분결핍 유무는 잘 알려져 있지 않았다. 방법 : 2개 이상의 장기를 침범한 파종성 결핵 환자 6명을 대상으로 염기순서분석을 통해 IFN-γ 수용체 1과 IFN-γ 수용체 2의 부분결핍을 초래하는 유전자 이상이 Background : Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is essential in the immune response to mycobacterial infections, and a complete or partial deficiency in the IFN-γ receptor 1 (IFNγR1) or the IFN-γ receptor 2 (IFNγR2) have been reported to confer susceptibility to a
경증태아 빈맥에서의 심박동 각변수의 근사엔트로피 및 정준상관분석
황정혜(Jung Hye Hwang),윤상순(Sang Soon Yoon),문형(Hyung Moon),박영선(Young Sun Park),차경준(Kyung Joon Cha),박문일(Moon Il Park) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.12
N/A Objective : This study was to determine differences of fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters, approximate entropy, canonical correlation coefficient and perinatal outcome between fetuses with mild baseline tachycardia (FHR range : 161-180 bpm) and fetuses with normal baseline FHR. Methods : Using our own software developed by Hanyang University Hospital in Korea, non-stress tests were performed for 20 minutes and cases were divided into two groups; mild tachycardia group (FHR range ; 161-180 bpm, 100 cases) and normal group (FHR ranges ; 120-160 bpm, 197 cases). And then, we analyzed various FHR parameters, approximate entropy, adjusted canonical correlation coefficient and perinatal outcome in each group. Results : Perinatal outcomes between two groups were not significant. However, mean minute range (MMR) was lower and the number of deceleration (15 bpm for 15 sec, more than one) was significantly higher in fetuses with mild tachycardia than normal group (p<0.05). The apprximate entropy and canonical correlation coefficient showed respectively 0.77±0.02, 0.45±0.06 in mild tachycardia group and 0.80±0.01, 0.43±0.07 in normal group, there were no significant differences. Conclusions : The results showed that mild baseline tachycardia in this range were not associated with an increase in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome, although decreased MMR and increased number of deceleration in mild tachycardia group may suggest hidden subtle change of FHR parameters. Fetuses with mild tachycardia were not different irregularity of FHR quantified by approximate entropy from normal fetuses and were also similar tendency to correlation with perinatal outcome by adjusted canonical correlation coefficient, which is a multivariate extension of the univariate correlation analysis
특발성 폐섬유화증에서 Interferon gamma-1b 치료의 단기 임상경험
황정혜 ( Jung Hye Hwang ),정만표 ( Man Pyo Chung ),강은해 ( Eun Hae Kang ),김경찬 ( Kyung Chan Kim ),이병훈 ( Byoung Hoon Lee ),고원중 ( Won Jung Koh ),서지영 ( Gee Young Suh ),김호중 ( Ho Joong Kim ),이경수 ( Kyung Soo Lee ),한 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2004 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.56 No.6
黃靖惠(Hwang, Jeong-hyeo) 중국어문학연구회 2015 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.93
Since writing the work of 〈Power of the Satanic School Poem〉(1907), Luxun had continually asked the question ‘Where is a warrior of inner world to rescue China?’ However in the work 〈Resurrecting Dead〉(1935), the image of hero whom Luxun had longed for the hero’s emergence became mercilessly dismantled. This study aimed to identify the reason why Luxun could not endure the hero’s image any longer from the hero-intellectual’s narcissistic shape, because such a hero is only an illusion not being existed, and even makes the hero abhor himself. Narcissus who was a shepard boy being appeared in the Greek Mythology got the punishment of ‘pathological self-love’ from Nemesis, the goddess of revenge due to his arrogance on his beautiful appearance. And Freud coined a new term of so-called ‘narcissism’ by conceptualizing the pathological self-love. Tracing back to the hero-intellectual’s genealogy being described by Luxun in his novels, it could easily find their ‘Narcissistic’ shapes. The shape of poet fully confident in the work 〈Power of the Satanic School Poem〉, the shape of mad intellectual appealing the hope in the work 〈A Madman’s Diary〉, and Ah Q fallen into the narcissistic ‘psychological winning way’ in the work 〈The True Story of Ah Q〉 are representative examples. But at the time of writing the works like Lv Weipu and Wei Lianshu, the intellectual-hero’s shape was not only narcissistic(自己愛) any longer. Such change in the intellectual-hero’s shape resembles the Luxun’s appearance who returned to ‘enlightenment and salvation’, that is, was absorbed in the narcissism due to the loss of alloerotism (object love) (對象愛) and finally reached the step of self-contempt beyond the self-pity. In the work 〈Resurrecting Dead〉, there was reflected Luxun’s awareness that the ‘enlightenment and salvation’ having been pursued by himself and the hero’s appearance to realize such hope were only a shadow in water, that is, the illusive self. In this work 〈Resurrecting Dead〉, Luxun made Zhuangzi recall Samyeong daeshin(Death God) and order Samyeong daeshin to revive the skeleton/man. Although Zhuangzi asked the skeleton/man about the reason for his death, but the reason was not known and even Zhuangzi did not listen to the answer. Giving up to ask why the skeleton/man was dead, Zhuangzi tried to recall Samyeon daeshin in order to reach the skeleton/man to the death again, but Samyeong daeshin did not appear any longer. At the moment that the beautiful man in the water was himself, Narcissus drowned himself. That is, reaching to the death is caused from the realization of one’s own illusive image, and in this point, it is worthful to reconsider the fact that Samyeong daeshin left the skeleton/man alive. In the work 〈Resurrecting Dead〉, Luxun completely dismantled the image of hero having been pursued by him by ridiculously describing Zhuangzi’s image representing a fallacious intellectual and by shaping the opposite intellectual’s image as the skeleton/man who was already dead, had no real entity, and could not return to this world eternally (could not be revived). However, contrary to Narcissus trying to overcome the discordance between his own shadow and his real entity through his own death, Luxun ordered the revived man to prove the value of his existence through his life again by leaving the hero alive but breaking the hero’s shadow. In that, the life and the death is one. And the 〈Resurrecting dead〉, that is the ‘reviving story’, being arranged in the last section of the work 〈Old Tales Retold〉 can be said as the last hope gotten from the narcissistic hero’s clear self-awareness.
초기 임신 탈락막에서의 TGF - β1 , β2 의 발현 ; 기저탈락막과 주변탈락막에서의 비교
황정혜(Jung Hye Hwang),고승희(Seung Hee Koh),한동익(Dong Ik Han),정성로(Sung Ro Chung),박문일(Moon Il Park),황윤영(Youn Young Hwang),장세진(Se Jin Jang) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.6
N/A Objective: Implantation is a complex process between developing embryo and maternal endometrium, especially decidua. Decidua is a specialized endometrium during pregnancy and decidua basalis is the real implantation site infiltrated directly by trophoblast cells. The decidua parietalis lines the uterine cavity away from the implantation site, not real implantation site. TGF- β1 and TGF-β2 have known as multipotential cytokines and expression of TGF- p and TGF-/3. increased in decidua during pregnancy than secretory phase of endometrium. However, there is little known about their expression in decidua parietalis, compared with decidua basalis. The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis during early pregnancy. Methods: The early pregnant 26 samples were obtained at hysterectomy, which underwent surgery for cervical carcinoma, ovarian cancer, etc. Immunohistochemical staining of TGF- β1 and TGF-β2 was performed and staining intensity was semiquantified by using HSCORE. Results: TGF-β1 was slight]y expressed in the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis and there were no differences among them. But the expressions of TGF-β2 of stroma and glandular cells were higher in the decidua basalis than parietalis (p < 0.005). And the expressions of TGF-β2 were stronger than that of TGF-β1 in the both decidua of ear]y pregnancy (p < 0.005). Conclusion: In decidua basalis, especially stromal cells, the expression of TGF-β2 was increased than in the decidua parietalis. This suggests that TGF-β2 may play an important role in decidua basalis that is directly invasion site by embryo and can be regulated by embryonic derived local factor. TGF- 2, compared with TGF- β1, was increased in both implantation site and suggest it may regulate implantation process during early pregnancy.