영어권 고급 한국어 학습자의 논증적 쓰기에 나타난 양태 표현 사용 분석

황선영 ( Hwang Sunyoung ),윤유선 ( Yun Yuseon ) 겨레어문학회 2021 겨레어문학 Vol.66 No.-

본 연구는 미국의 대학에서 한국어 고급 과정을 수강하고 있는 한국어 학습자들이 작성한 논증적 쓰기 자료에서 양태 표현을 분석하여 사용 양상을 파악하고 자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 논증적 쓰기에서 양태 표현은 글쓴이의 의견이나 태도를 나타내는 데 사용되며, 비교적 고정적인 표현으로 굳어져 사용된다. 그러나 이에 대한 학습 없이 학습자들이 목표어인 한국어로 자신의 의견을 설득력 있게 글로 표현하는 것은 매우 어려운 일이다. 이에 본 연구는 예비 실험으로서 미국 A대학에 재학중인 고급 학습자들이 쓴 동일한 주제의 논증적 글 10편(5,841어절)을 수집하여 주장을 완화시키는 기능을 하는 양태 표현을 분석해 보았다. 학습자들이 양태 표현을 어떻게 사용하는지 알아보기 위해 학습자들이 사용한 표현의 유형(type)과 구현(token)의 수를 통해 분석하였고, 맥락에 적절한 양태 표현의 사용하는지 알아보기 위해 양태 표현이 사용된 언어적 맥락을 파악하여 학습자들이 적절하게 사용하였는지 확인하였다. 그 결과, 일부 특정 표현에만 사용이 집중되어 있었으며, 학습자들은 필수 맥락 여부에 상관없이 앞뒤 문장과의 관계를 보지 않고 동일한 표현을 반복적으로 사용하고 있었다. 이는 고급 학습자 대상 한국어 쓰기 교실에서 논증적 쓰기에 활용되는 양태 표현의 교수가 요구됨을 시사한다고 하겠다. 최근 증가하는 학습자에 비례하여 국내외 대학에서 교양 한국어 수가 급증하고 있고, 이에 따라 학문 목적 한국어 교육에 대한 연구도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 학술적 쓰기로 꼽히는 논증적 쓰기 자료에서 학습자의 양태 표현 사용을 분석해 보았다. 본 연구는 학목 목적을 가진 영어권 고급 학습자가 많지 않은 현실로 적은 수의 글을 분석했다는 한계를 가진다. 그러나 이러한 분석을 통하여 고급 학습자의 쓰기 실력에 대한 현 상황을 파악할 수 있고, 교수가 필요한 내용을 확인할 수 있었다는 데 의미가 있다. 또한 주장을 완화시키는 양태 표현의 교수를 위하여 양태 표현이 사용되는 필수 맥락을 구분한 점에서도 본 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있겠다. This study examines how advanced English-speaking learners of Korean at college in America use modality in argumentative texts in Korean. In argumentative writing, modality is mostly employed to express a writer's claims or positions on a topic, and they are, by and large, used in fixed or rigid rhetorical expressions. Therefore, it is challenging for learners to convey their persuasive arguments in writing without prior learning of such rhetorical expressions of their L2 language, Korean. In order to delve into the usage of modality expressions written by advanced Korean learners, data was collected from ten argumentative articles (5,841 words) by English-speaking advanced learners. The types and the number of tokens of modality expressions were analyzed to explore whether modality expressions were employed and how they were used accordingly in the context. The data analyzed in this study suggests that there is a tendency that most participant learners of this study use minimal numbers of modality expressions and fail to use appropriate modality expressions in the context. Such modality usage patterns of learners illustrate that many English-speaking learners of Korean, even at an advanced-level, struggle to covey a writer's claims accordingly in argumentative writings of Korean. Based on the findings, this study sheds light on the necessity of teaching rhetorical expressions that mitigate a writer's claims for successful argumentative writing in Korean language classrooms.

비교문화적 화용론의 관점에서 본 한국인과 태국인의 거절 화행 연구

황선영 ( Sunyoung Hwang ),노아실 ( Ahsil Noh ),사마와디강해 ( Samawadee Kunghae ) 국제한국어교육학회 2018 한국어 교육 Vol.29 No.4

The purpose of this study is to contrast the patterns of realization and understanding of refusal speech acts between Korean and Thai learners. This study intends to answer the following questions: (1) Do Koreans and Thai learners perform refusal speech acts differently? (2) Do Koreans and Thai learners understand refusal speech acts differently? A DCT and a follow-up interview were conducted to collect data of two groups of 30 native Korean speakers and 30 native Thai speakers. For research question 1, we analyzed the refusal strategy and provided reasons given by Koreans and Thai learners depending on the context. For research question 2, we ran a chi-squared test on the elements of the follow-up interviews, such as the weight of burden of refusing, and whether the participant would actually refuse or not. The differences between the refusal strategies of the two groups could be categorized by the preceding inducing speech act. In refusing a request, the difference was prominent in the apologizing strategy, whereas in refusing a suggestion, the difference was mainly in the direct refusal strategy. When refusing an invitation, the most evident difference was the number of refusal strategies employed. When providing an explanation of refusal to people with high social status, Koreans gave more specific reasons for refusals, whereas Thai learners tended to use more vague reasons. Moreover, when refusing an invitation, Koreans primarily mentioned the relationship, and Thai learners showed the spirit of Greng Jai. When asked the weight of burden of refusing, Koreans felt pressured to refuse a request from people with high social status, and a suggestion or invitation from people with high level of intimacy while Thai learners found it highly difficult to make a refusal in all cases. In answering whether they would actually refuse or not, Koreans tried not to make a refusal to people with high level of intimacy, and such a trend was not evident among the Thai. This study can help us better understand the learner’s pragmatic failure, and serve as a basis in establishing a curriculum for teaching speech acts. (Soongsil University·Harvard University·Prince of Sonkla University)

호주 인공지능 실행 전략 구조 및 세부내용 소개

황선영(Sunyoung Hwang) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2021 경제규제와 법 Vol.14 No.2

보건의료인의 자살예방 역량 강화 프로그램에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰

황선영 ( Hwang Sunyoung ),최희승 ( Choi Heeseung ) 한국간호과학회 정신간호학회(구 대한간호학회정신간호학회) 2016 정신간호학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the suicide prevention programs for healthcare personnel to identify contents, formats, and strategies essential for effective suicide prevention programs. Methods: A systematic search using key words in English and Korean was conducted using 10 electronic databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and RISS. Of 794 publications identified, 9 studies were finally included in this systematic review. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) was used for the quality assessment. Results: Of the nine experimental studies, seven studies used randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and two used quasi-experimental designs. Overall, suicide prevention programs were found to be effective in improving competencies (e.g., knowledge, communication skills, and attitudes) of healthcare personnel working in diverse settings. Limitations of these studies included a lack of rigorous research designs and reliable and universal outcome measures. Paradoxically, none of the studies were conducted in South Korea, which consistently has the highest suicide rate of all OECD countries. Conclusion: Suicide prevention programs for health personnel can be an effective way to improve competency of healthcare personnel in preventing suicide. These findings will serve as a foundation for the development of suicide prevention programs by Korean healthcare personnel.

텔레비전 뉴스 담화에서의 한국어 시제 사용 분석

황선영 ( Hwang Sunyoung ) 한국화법학회 2017 화법연구 Vol.0 No.37

This study aims to analyze the genre characteristics of discourse and the use of tenses in television news. The research questions are as follows: a) Are there differences in the use of tenses according to the move of the news? b) Are there differences in the use of tenses according to the topic of the news? For the analysis, 34 evening newscasts from April 19 to April 26, 2017, of three broadcasters were used. Analyzing the use of tenses according to the news topic, it was observed that in the news reporting events or incidents, the past tense functioned as a representation of the foreground; whereas in the news reporting a social phenomenon, the present tenses represented the foreground. Analyzing the use of tenses according to the move of the news, we observed constant movement of the deictic center. The result of this study shows that tenses serve different functions according to the move within the discourse. Moreover, even within the same discourse genre of news report, the type of the news topic defined the utilization of tenses.

태국인 한국어 학습자의 거절 전략을 구성하는 언어적 표현 및 발화 내용 분석

황선영 ( Sunyoung Hwang ),사마와디강해 ( Samawadee Kunghae ),노아실 ( Ahsil Noh ) 이중언어학회 2019 이중언어학 Vol.74 No.-

In order to teach explicit speech acts appropriately according to the context of specific conversational situations, a study on linguistic and sociocultural differences between the learner’s native language and Korean must precede. Therefore, the object of this study is to diagnose the various aspects of refusal speech acts conducted by Thai Korean Learners (TKL) including strategy, linguistic expression, and contents of utterance, and to sample the items that are prone to pragmatic failure. The study first required twenty Korean Native Speakers (KNS) to evaluate the relevance of TKL’s utterances and confirmed that pragmatic failures are more likely to happen in contexts where the listener is at a higher social position. Then the study conducted a DCT to collect data on forty-two TKL, and analyzed the patterns in realization of refusal speech acts in comparison to their native language Thai. The results showed that TKL may use the same refusal strategy as KNS but their linguistic expression or the contents of refusal may be inappropriate due to the impact of their native language. The value of this research lies in analyzing the Korean learner’s problematic utterances pointed out by KNS from various aspects including strategy, linguistic expression, and contents of utterance in comparison to the learner’s native language. Such diagnosis will help better understand where exactly the learners make pragmatic failures and improve the teaching methods of pragmatic teaching. (Soongsil University, Prince of Songkla University, Harvard University)

돌봄 공동체를 통한 좋은 돌봄(good-care) 서비스 생산과정에 대한 탐색적 연구 -근거이론 방법의 적용-

황선영 ( Hwang Sunyoung ) 한국가족사회복지학회 2020 한국가족복지학 Vol.67 No.4

본 연구는 대표적인 돌봄 공동체인 공동육아협동조합 어린이집 사례를 통해 돌봄 공동체가 좋은 돌봄(good-care) 서비스를 생산하는 과정을 근거이론 방법을 사용해 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 수집한 자료는 개방코딩에 의해 89개 개념과 28개의 하위범주, 12개의 범주로 통합되었다. 패러다임 모형을 이용해 좋은 돌봄 서비스를 생산하는 과정을 분석한 결과 인과적 상황은 “대안적 돌봄 가치관 지향”·“현 제도적 돌봄 시스템에 대한 강한 불만족”, 중심현상은 “공동체 구성원의 강도 높은 의무적 돌봄 협력 활동”·“구성원들 간의 동상이몽”으로 나타났다. 중심현상에 영향을 미치는 맥락적 조건은 “대한 실현을 위한 강한 소속 욕구”로 분석되었다. 중심현상을 타개하기 위한 공동체의 전략은 “공동체 가치 재확인”, “공동체 운영원리 조정”으로 도출되었다. 이 같은 전략을 취하는 데 영향을 미치는 공동체 구성원들의 중재적 조건은 “공동체 돌봄 환경에 대한 믿음”, “좋은 돌봄 공동체 시스템”, “호혜성을 높이는 공동체 규칙”이었다. 그 결과 돌봄 공동체는 윤리적인 좋은 돌봄 서비스를 생산할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 돌봄 서비스 생산에 사용된 끈끈한 유대관계나 공동체 의식 등은 초기부터 그 수준이 높지 않았고 다양한 시스템을 통해 진화되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 돌봄 공동체를 활성화 할 수 있는 정책적 방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of producing good-care services by using representative case of parent’s cooperative preschool and applying grounded theory method. In the meantime, there has been a theoretical discussion about the need for a third service in addition to institutional care, in which the state and the market have become the main body, in order to enhance the publicness of overall social care. While institutional care alone can satisfy formal and practical publicness, there is a limit to fully embodying the ethical character of good-care. As one of the alternatives to supplement institutional care, the local care community has been pointed out and a number of local care communities are actively being developed. But there was a lack of empirical research into whether the local community actually produces good-care services and how the process is. The data collected through literature, in - depth interviews and participatory observations were integrated into 89 concepts, 28 subcategories, and 12 categories by open coding. Analysis of the process of producing good-care services in the paradigm model showed that the causal condition was “oriented toward alternative caring values”, “strongly dissatisfied with current institutional care system,” and the phenomenon was “intense mandatory caring cooperation activities of community members”, “same dream but different thought among the members”. The contextual condition affecting the phenomenon was analyzed as “strong affiliation desire for realization”. The strategy of the community to break through the phenomenon was derived as “reconfirmation of community values” and “adjustment of community operation principle”. The intervening condition of community members influencing this strategy was “belief in community care environment”. As a consequence, the local care community was developed to implement care services that were difficult to satisfy through the institutional care system and could actually produce good-care services. In addition, bonding ties and the sense of community used in the production of care services were not high from the beginning, and evolved through various systems. Based on these results, policy measures were proposed to activate the local care community.

형태,통사적 완화 장치 분석을 통한 중국어권 한국어 학습자의 간접화행 연구

황선영 ( Sunyoung Hwang ) 이중언어학회 2016 이중언어학 Vol.62 No.-

This study compares the strategies and morphosyntactic mitigators during the request speech act of Chinese-speaking Korean learners with those of native speakers. The research questions is "What different strategies and morphosyntactic mitigators do native speakers and Chinese-speaking Korean learners use in requests?". The data was analyzed using frequency analysis. Comparing the strategies in given situations, the results seemed to show that both groups used the "Preparatory condition, Possibility, Permission" strategies to perform the indirect speech act. However, the groups differed in the types and tokens of morphosyntactic mitigators, implying the possibility of pragmatic failure. Moreover, the choice of morphology endings or expressions also differed, confirming the need for learning and teaching in this area. Therefore, further studies on speech act should focus not only on strategies but also on linguistic expressions, and the results should be reflected in the fields of Korean language education. This study attempts to list the teaching items to improve the teaching possibility of pragmatic items.

한국인의 불평 화행 실현 연구 -20, 30대의 전략 및 표현 사용 분석을 중심으로-

황선영 ( Sunyoung Hwang ) 이중언어학회 2021 이중언어학 Vol.83 No.-

The purpose of this study is to look into the realization aspects of complaint speech acts among Koreans in their 20s and 30s. Through DCT, utterances of 200 Koreans were collected to analyze complaint strategies and expressions in each given complaint situation. Complaint situations were categorized into four types according to the object of complaint, aggressiveness of interlocutor’s utterance, and intimacy between speaker and listener. Complaint strategies were analyzed through multiple response analysis, and complaint expressions were monitored for respective frequency. As results of analyzing complaint strategies by each situation type, it was found that Koreans tended to complain directly and expressively to unfamiliar interlocutors’ aggressive utterances (Type A). In cases of unfamiliar interlocutors’ non-aggressive utterances (Type B), Koreans usually tried to explain the problem and request for a solution. When a familiar interlocutor made a non-aggressive utterance (Type C), Koreans tended to directly complain about such behavior and provide instructions to the listener. When a familiar interlocutor complained about a non-interlocutors (Type D), Koreans used the strategy of sympathizing. In employing complaint strategies, the gender and age group factors were mostly insignificant. However, males tended to prefer S8(instructing) whereas S9(questioning) and S11(explaining the context) were more popular among females. Unrealization of complaint speech acts was more frequent in conversations with unfamiliar interlocutors than familiar ones. In strongly upsetting complaint situations, many chose to report directly to the police rather than directly deal with an unfamiliar speaker. Most frequently used expressions in complaint speech act situation types were those related to strategies. In Type A, expressions pointing out the listeners’ fault (-지(요), -잖아(요)) or emphasizing the speakers intention (-(으)세요, -(으)ㄹ게요) were commonly employed, whereas expressions of request (-아/어 주세요, 저기요) were more frequent in Type B. In Type C, along with expressions pointing out the listeners’ fault (-잖아(요)), expressions to ask for a solution (어떡해) or conventional complaint expressions (뭐야, 장난해) were repeatedly observed. In Type C, expressions of sympathy (그러게, 그치, 나도) were often used. Unlike existing literature, this study picked out the contexts where complaint speech acts are likely to be realized, and went on to analyze the strategies according to each context and extract native Korean speakers’ commonly used expressions. The study will serve as a baseline data in teaching complaint speech acts and expressions in actual fields of Korean education. (Soongsil University)

캄보디아인 한국어 학습자의 시제 습득 연구

황선영 ( Hwang Sunyoung ) 이중언어학회 2016 이중언어학 Vol.65 No.-

The aim of this study was to see the acquisition of Korean tenses among 90 Cambodian Korean learners. In Korean, time is represented through tense morphemes, whereas in Cambodian, an isolating language, certain vocabulary represents the time. Therefore, Cambodian Korean learners may have difficulties learning tense morphemes as the two languages have little morphological similarity. Especially, Cambodian learners can have struggles understanding deictic projections where the items are interpreted differently according to the discourse context. By separating the Korean tenses whose basic meanings coincide with the actual time referred by their tense morphemes and those that do not, the study examined the learners` acquisition of tenses. For this purpose, we have three following research questions; a) Do Cambodian Korean learners show different levels of tense acquisition according to their levels of proficiency?; b) Is there a correlation between the acquisitions of tenses according to their types (i.e. whether their basic meanings and the actual time referred to are the same or not)?; c) With which type do the learners have most difficulties in acquiring? For the research question a), we put the learners into two different groups by their TOPIK scores, and ran a t-test for independent samples. For question b), we computed the Pearson`s product-moment correlation coefficient for each type of items, and for c), we examined the level of acquisition by types, using the mean value of each item. Results showed that the level of proficiency does not affect the acquisition of tenses significantly. Moreover, the correlation between the acquisitions of tenses according to their types appeared to be very weak. This suggests that acquiring the basic meanings of tenses does not imply the acquisition of variable tense items according to their contexts of discourse. Especially, the most challenging appeared to be the type where the present tense refers to the past or vice versa. However, the level of understanding for the present tense referring to the future was exceptionally high, as it has be explicitly taught in class. This suggests the impact of explicitly teaching the items that are interpreted from the context of discourse. Therefore, the pragmatic items should be taught more explicitly. (Ewha Womans University)