탈착용매에 따른 PAHs 흡착매체의 탈착효율 평가 연구

홍좌령 ( Jwa-ryung Hong ),이지은 ( Ji-eun Lee ),정명구 ( Myung-koo Jung ),최광민 ( Kwang-min Choi ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Objectives: In general, NIOSH method 5506 is most widely used for the occupational exposure measurement of PAHs, but 2-4 ring PAHs have poor desorption efficiency, especially for a filter. The purpose of this study was to determine a method to increase the desorption efficiency of 16-PAHs using an ultrasonic extraction procedure. Methods: Test samples prepared spiked XAD-2 tubes and PTFE filters in the range of 0.01-1.0 ㎍/mL for desorption efficiency study. Four different extraction solvents, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane, were tested in order to select the most suitable solvent for the extraction of the 16 PAHs. The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide and sonication time were considered in order to determine the method with the highest extraction efficiency. All samples were made in three sets and analysis was replicated seven times by HPLC. Results: Acetonitrile and acetone were the optimized as an extraction solvent and desorption efficiency of 2-ring PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene were increased 3~19% with dimethyl sulfoxide for XAD-2. Acetone was the best extraction solvent for PTFE filter and the desorption efficiency was increased 3~13% for 2- to 4-ring PAHs. The optimum sonication time was 60 minutes and desorption efficiency increased with extraction time. Conclusions: As a result, the best extraction solvent was acetone with dimethyl sulfoxide for ultrasonic extraction procedure and the desorption efficiency of this method was better than NIOSH 5506’s. This study could be applied as a method for occupational exposure measurement of PAHs.

PAHs 농도 분포에 따른 GC/MS와 HPLC의 분석특성에 관한 연구

홍좌령 ( Jwa Ryung Hong ),최광민 ( Kwang Min Choi ) 한국산업보건학회 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the best method to analyze PAHs at extremely low concentrations. To this end, 16 PAHswere analyzed simultaneously by GC/MS, HPLC/FLD and HPLC/UVD, and the analytical characteristics of HPLC and GC/MS were compared. Methods: This study was conducted by GC/MS and HPLC/FLD/UVD, and evaluated linearity, precision and detection limit. Standard solutions were prepared for 21 samples in the range of 0.00001~1.0 ㎍/mL and the samples were divided into four groups. All samples were made in three sets and analysis was replicated seven times. Results: Sixteen PAHs could be simultaneously separated by HPLC and GC/MS, and the adequate equipment was HPLC/FLD. The retention times by HPLC were shorter than GC/MS, and HPLC had better separation for most PAHs than GC/MS. The peaks of naphthalene and naphthalene-D8 partially overlapped for GC/MS. HPLC/FLD had a 20-2000 times lower limit of detection than GC/MS and UVD. However FLD was not adequate for analyzing acenaphthylene because it has too low a fluorescence quantum yield to be detected. The precision of HPLC/FLD/UVD and GC/MS showed less than 20% at 0.001 ㎍/mL PAHs and when the concentration was higher, the coefficient of variation was decreased. HPLC/FLD was better for the overall detection of limits. Conclusions: The results indicate that the HPLC/FLD method has good linear range, precision and a detection of limits from 0.00001~0.0001 ㎍/mL for all 16 PAHs. This study contributes to providing useful data for analysis technology and can be applied to occupational exposure measurement for PAHs in workplaces.

테트라하이드로퓨란 제조 및 취급 근로자의 노출특성에 관한 연구

최호춘 ( Ho Chun Chio ),홍좌령 ( Jwa Ryung Hong ),이귀영 ( Gye Young Lee ),김두호 ( Doo Ho Kim ),박정일 ( Chung Yill Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a colorless, water-miscible organic liquid with low viscosity at standard temperature and pressure. THF has been used as a solvent and a precursor for various syntheses of polymers. However, THF is known to irritate to the eyes, skin and mucus membranes. Overexposure by inhalation, ingestion or skin contact may produce nausea, dizziness, headaches, respiratory irritation and possible skin burns. The purpose of this study is to evaluate of the worker exposure and characteristics of workers in the workplaces that use or manufacture THF. Methods: Sixteen factories in Korea, which manufacture or use THF, were selected for this study and a total of 130 air samples including 104 time-weighted average (TWA) samples and 26 short-term exposure limit (STEL) samples, were collected. Air samples were collected with charcoal tube (100mg/50mg) and analyzed by gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector(GC/FID). Results: The TWA concentration of THF was 16.05ppm (GM) at PS script printing, 2.32ppm (GM) at PVC stabilizer, 1.03ppm (GM) at Lithium triethylborohydride, 0.63ppm (GM) at Polytetramethylene ether glycol(PTMEG), 0.42ppm (GM) at Manufacturing THF, 0.13ppm (GM) at Glue and 0.12ppm (GM) at synthetic rubber/resins. Two out of sampes for PS script printing exceeded 50ppm as 8-hour exposure limit of MOEL. The short term exposure to THF was 54.77ppm (GM) at PS script printing, 17.10ppm (GM) at PTMEG, 13.76ppm (GM) at Manufacturing THF, 2.86ppm (GM) at Lithium triethylborohydride, 0.87ppm (GM) at synthetic rubber/resins and 0.13ppm (GM) Glue. We found that the highest exposure process for both the TWA and STEL samples was PS script process. Two samples exceeded 100ppm as short term exposure limit of Ministry of Employment and Labor(MOEL). Conclusions: Characteristic of STEL concentration for THF is considerably different from TWA concentration in workplaces because workers could exposure high concentration of THF in a moment when they work irregularly schedule. So exposure controls for momentary works have to be prepared, and considered the skin absorption and inhale of THF.

개방조 후드가 설치된 도금작업장의 방해기류 측정

송세욱 ( Se Wook Song ),김태형 ( Tae Hyeung Kim ),하현철 ( Hyun Chul Ha ),홍좌령 ( Jwa Ryung Hong ) 한국산업위생학회 2004 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Open surface tanks are used in a variety of industrial processes, such as picking and plating. Push-pull ventilation system is often the best and most energy efficient way to remove any contaminant which evaporates from the open surface tanks. Existing design guidelines are based on experimental and numerical works which is cannot easily be extended to different operating conditions. Contaminant removal efficiency of push-pull ventilation could be affected by various parameters, such as vessel shape, room location, cross draft, etc. Especially, the velocity of cross draft might be one of influencing factors for the effective ventilation. To account for the effect of cross draft in case of over 0.4m/s, a flow adjustment of ±20% should be designed into the push and +20% into the pull flow system. For effective design and installation of push-pull system, we must be consider the magnitude of Cross draft velocity. However, the cross draft velocity of workplace installed push-pull ventilation system were not measured yet. In this paper, we measured the cross draft and door/window face velocities in 8 surface treatment shops in which the push-pull type open surface tanks are generally used. Two-directional hot-wire anemometer was used to measure the velocities after checking the main direction of flow by using smoke-tube. The experiments were performed in both winter and summer since the flow patterns and the velocities were thought to show the quite different seasonal variations. Mean cross draft velocities of winter and summer were measured as 0.60m/s and 0.62m/s, respectively, which is over the operating range, 0.4m/s. In addition, the face velocities through doors and windows were measured as 1.38m/s and 1.79m/s, respectively. The measured cross draft velocity is somewhat higher than 0.4m/s which is recommended for the push-pull hood by ACGIH design guideline. This high cross draft velocity could destroy the hood flow in the push-pull hood system. Thus, it is imperative that the ACGIH design guide line should be modified in the near future.

국내 석면 고형시료 중 석면의 종류 및 함유량에 관한 연구

최호춘 ( Ho Chun Choi ),안선희 ( Sun Hee Ahn ),홍좌령 ( Jwa Ryung Hong ),전봉환 ( Bong Hwan Jeon ),이용필 ( Young Pil Lee ),박정일 ( Chung Yill Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: According to the compliance of the asbestos-related regulation, every building has to be inspected for asbestos presence before its abatement work. This study was performed for identifying the types and contents of asbestos in building bulk samples. Materials and Methods Materials and Methods: Bulk samples were collected during the asbestos inspection in 2010. We grouped the bulk samples into the regulated asbestos containing materials(RACM), presumed asbestos containing materials(PACM), and construction products. Additionally, the types of asbestos in all bulk samples were identified by polarization microscopy(PLM). Results: The RACMs were from building, house, pipe and facility. The RACMs were found mainly building (72.1%) and house (93.7%). The contents of chrysotile in building, house and facility were 66.9% (1-90%), 89.7% (2-90%) and 11.0% (2-90%), respectively. PACMs were surfacing material, thermal system insulation (TSI), and miscellaneous material. The miscellaneous materials that showed a high detection rate (79.2%) were ceiling, roofing and wall materials. Among them, the roofing materials had high chrysotile content(9.7%, 2-21%), followed by wall (8.7%, 2-21%) and ceiling (3.4%, 1-17%). In the construction products, asbestos was found mainly in slate (92.6%, 2-21%), including chrysotile. The slate had high asbestos content (9.7%, 2-21%), followed by cement flat board (8.7%, 2-19%) and textile (3.4%, 1-17%) Conclusions: Utilizing these results, it would be contributed to construct a useful ACM database and prevent from asbestos exposure to workers in the asbestos abatement and maintenance works..