The Effect of Triacontanol on Chloroplast Development of Radish Cotyledons

진창덕,홍영남,Jin, Chang-Duck,Hong, Young-Nam 생화학분자생물학회 1988 한국생화학회지 Vol.21 No.1

엽록체 발달에 미치는 triacontanol의 효과를 밝히기 위하여, 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ 농도의 triacontanol로 처리된 무우(Raphanus sativus L.) 유식물에 있어서 자엽의 aging에 따른 엽록소함량, 엽록소-단백질 복합체 형성, 엽록체 틸라코이드막 단백질의 발달, 엽록체와 세포질의 rRNA 발달 및 RuBPCase 활성등을 조사하였다. 발아 후 4일된 어린자엽으로부터 분리된 엽록체에 있어서, triacontanol은 대조구에 비하여, 위의 모든 특성을 촉진시키는 경향성을 보였다. 특히 광합성의 표지 효소인 RuBPCase의 활성은 triacontanol 처리시 대조구에 비하여 11% 증가되었다. 발아 후 7일된 노쇠중인 자엽의 엽록체에서는, triacontanol은 엽록소함량 및 RuBPCase활성 감소의 지연과 엽록소-단백질 복합체, 틸라코이드막 단백질 및 엽록체와 세포질의 rRNA의 분해를 억제하여 엽록체 구조의 안정화와 기능유지에 영향을 주었다. 이상의 결과는 triacontanol에 대한 식물의 생장반응을 분석하는데 있어서 엽록체가 유용한 대상이 될 수 있음을 의미한다. The chloroplast development after application of triacontanol (TRIA) to germinating radish seedling showed differential response on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll-protein(CP) complexes, thylakoid polypeptides, chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity. In the chloroplast isolated from young (4-day-old) cotyledons, TRIA was efficient in promotion of all the above traits in contrast with non-treated control. Especially, total activity of RuBPCase, which is marker enzyme in photosynthesis, was increased by TRIA up to 11% over non-treated control. In senescing (7-day-old) cotyledon chloroplast, however, TRIA showed favorable influence on stabilization of structure and function of chloroplast with respect to these characters. The above results suggest the chloroplast as a useful assay system in a plant growth response to TRIA.

해녀콩의 발아와 생장시 Canavanine 의 이용과 Canavanase 의 활성에 대하여

권영명(Young Myung Kwon),정흥채(Hung Chae Chung),고석찬(Suck Chan Koh),홍영남(Young Nam Hong) 한국식물학회 1986 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.29 No.2

Canavanine content of the cotyledons of Canavalia lineata decreased gradually during germination and growth of seedlings but continued to increase in roots and leaves. After abscission of cotyledons, canavanine content of leaves depleted competely. The activity of canavanase could be detected in leaves and roots, but not in cotyledons. High arginase activity was observed in the cotyledons of seeds at the early imbibition period. During the growth of seedlings, cotyledonary canavanine appeared to be transported to the growing poprtions of the seedlings where it could be utilized through nitrogen metabolic pathways. In crude cell-free extracts of leaves, maximum activities of canavanase or arginase appeared in 30mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.0) or 30mM NaHCO_3 buffer (pH 10.0), respectively. The activities of these two enzymes differed from each other when treated with Co^2+ or Mn^2+. These results support the idea that canavanase and arginase might be different enzymes.

암처리한 인삼엽의 Greening 과정에서의 Chlorophyll-protein Complex 형성에 대한 연구

박인호,홍영남,권영명,이순희,조영동,Park, In-Ho,Hong, Young-Nam,Kwon, Young-Myung,Lee, Soon-Hee,Cho, Yong-Dong 생화학분자생물학회 1982 한국생화학회지 Vol.15 No.1

암처리(暗處理)한 인삼엽(人蔘葉)을 greening시키는 과정에서(광도 ; 2,000 lux연속광 ; 온도 $25^{\circ}C$;상대습도, 66%) 형성되는 chlorophyll-protein complex의 전기영동 패턴, 각(各) complex의 엽록소조성 및 흡수스펙트럼 양상을 조사하였다. 광하(光下)에서 자란 인삼엽(人蔘葉)의 thylakoid membrane을 5% SDS-PAGE로 분리하였을 때 6개의 chlorophyll-containing band를 볼 수 있었다(CP1a, CP1, LHCP1, LHCP2, LHCP3 complex, free pigment zone). Chlorophyll a-rich CP1 complex와 chlorophyll a/b-rich LHCP complex는 676nm와 670nm에서 각각 흡수극대를 나타냈으며, chl. a/b-rich LHCP complex는 652nm에서 minor한 peak를 나타내었다. 암처리 인삼의 greening과정에서 CP1 LHCP complex는 12시간의 광(光)처리후에 이미 형성되어 있었으며, CP1 complex의 chl. a/b ratio와 각 complex의 chlorophyll함량은 greening이 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이러한 결과는 광(光)에 의해 유도되는 CP complex분자의 생합성 및 기능적으로 활성을 갖는 PSI과 PSII의 형성이 광(光)처리 12시간내에 나타난 가능성을 시사한다. The formation and chlorophyll composition of chlorophyll-protein complexes were investigated in the etiolated ginseng leaves during greening under continuous white light(2000 lux, $25^{\circ}C$, 66% relative humidity). Six chlorophyll-containing bands (CP1a, CP1, LHCP1, LHCP2, LHCP3, free pigment zone) were separated by SDSPAGE from ginseng leaves(grown under light). Chlorophyll a-rich CP1 complex and chlorophyll a/b-rich LHCP complexes reveal their maximum absorption peaks at 676nm and 670nm, respectively. And chlorophyll a/b-rich LHCP complexes have another minor peak at 652nm. CPI and LHCP complexes have already formed in the etiolated ginseng leaves after 12 hr light treatment. And chlorophyll a/b ratio of CP1 complex and the percentages of chlorophyll contents of each complexes increased progressively during greening. These results suggest that the light-induced biosynthesis of CP complex molecules and the formation of functional PSI and PS II could occur within 12 hr of illumination in the etiolated ginseng leaves during greening.

분리된 밀 엽록체의 단백질의 분해에 대한 Peptide Hydrolase 의 역할

진창덕,홍영남 ( Chang Duck Jin,Young Nam Hong ) 생화학분자생물학회 1992 BMB Reports Vol.25 No.4

Intact chloroplasts were isolated mechanically from the primary leaves of 6-day old wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) and purified by using Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The proteolysis in isolated wheat chloroplasts during 24 h dark incubation at 30℃ was detected by following the degradation of the large subunit (LSU) of RuBPCase and the light harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCP) complex by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In relation to the intrachloroplast localization of protease activity, the thylakoid fraction exhibited large activity while the stroma fraction did not. Time course of activities of acid endopeptidase and neutral aminopeptidase in isolated chloroplasts during 24 h dark incubation were as follows: the endopeptidase activity was high at the initial stage (0 to 2 h incubation ) and continuously lowered after 2 h incubation, on the other hand the aminopeptidase activity was very low at the start and gradually increased thereafter.

무우자엽의 엽록체 발달에 미치는 Triacontanol 의 효과

진창덕,홍영남 ( Chang Duck Jin,Young Nam Hong ) 생화학분자생물학회 1988 BMB Reports Vol.21 No.1

The chloroplast development after application of triacontanol (TRIA) to germinating-radish seedling showed differential response on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll-protein(CP) complexes, thylakoid polypeptides, chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity. In the chloroplast isolated from young (4-day-old) cotyledons, TRIA was efficient in promotion of all the above traits in contrast with non-treated control. Especially, total activity of RuBPCase, which is marker enzyme in photosynthesis, was increased by TRIA up to 11% over non-treated control. In senescing (7-day-old) cotyledon chloroplast, however, TRIA showed favorable influence on stabilization of structure and function of chloroplast with respect to these characters. The above results suggest the chloroplast as a useful assay system in a plant growth response to TRIA.

Greening 에 따른 보리 어린식물의 전자전달과 광인산화반응 활성의 변화

이진범,홍영남,이순희,조영동,권영명 ( Chin Bum Lee,Young Nam Hong,Sun Hi Lee,Young Dong Cho,Young Myung Kwon ) 생화학분자생물학회 1983 BMB Reports Vol.16 No.1

The development of activities of electron transport and photophosphorylation at various stages of greening was studied with the isolated chloroplast in dark-grown, 7-day-old barley seedlings. The activity of total photosystem(P5 II+I) reached the peak at 4 hrs of illumination, after which it sharply decreased (FeCy, DCPIP, or MV as acceptor) . After 8hrs greening it increased gradually. The activity of photosystem I (PS I) showed the similar pattern with that of PS II+I during the initial greening time, but it was decreased gradually after 8 hrs greening. That of photosystem II (PS II) , however, was increased continuously up to 48hrs. The content of chlorophyll a and b increased abrubtly with greening and the ratio of chl a/b after 8 hrs of illumination reached about 3 : 1. In the absence of photophosphorylation, the pH changes of chloroplast suspension were induced by illumination. In these cases, the acidity per ㎎ chlorophyll was decreased sharply whereas its per mg protein did not show great difference. The photophosphorylation was not detected in the isolated chloroplast within 16 hrs greening, and the pH change produced by ATP formation was observed after 24 hrs greening.

담수조류의 내염성에 (耐鹽性) 관한 연구 1. 담수규조의 (淡水珪藻) 생장에 대한 무기염류의 효과

윤세웅,홍영남 ( Se Woong Yune,Young Nam Hong ) 한국환경생물학회 1983 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.1 No.1

A comparative study was made of the effects of NaCl, KC1 and CaCl_2 on the growth of freshwater diatoms; Asterionella formosa, Melosira binderana, and Stephanodiscus astraea. The concentration of NaCl which reduced the growth rate by half was 51.2 mM in A. formosa, 29.2 mM in M. binderana and 31.3mM in S. astraea. In the case of KCl, each concentration was 5.12 mM, 7.12 mM and 2.82 mM in order. This result shows the much higher inhibitory effect of KCl than that of NaCl. The concentration of CaCl_2 was 7.18 mM in A. formosa, but in M. binderana and S. astraea, each was 72.7mM and 84.2 mM, which showed high tolerance. According to this result, A. formosa belongs to indifferent form of oligohalobious diatom, but M. binderana and S. astraea fall within halophilous form. The chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll a/c ratio were little changed, but the carotenoid content was increased slightly.

암처리한 인삼엽의 Greening 과정에서의 Chlorophyll - protein Complex 형성에 대한 연구

박인호,홍영남,권영명,이순희,조영동 ( In Ho Park,Young Nam Hong,Young Myung Kwon,Soon Hee Lee,Yong Dong Cho ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.1

The formation and chlorophyll composition of chlorophyll-protein complexes were investigated in the etiolated ginseng leaves during greening under continuous white light(2000 lux, 25℃, 66% relative humidity). Six chlorophyll-containing bands (CP1a, CP1, LHCP1, LHCP2, LHCP3, free pigment zone) were separated by SDSPAGE from ginseng leaves(grown under light). Chlorophyll a-rich CP1 complex and chlorophyll a/b-rich LHCP complexes reveal their maximum absorption peaks at 676 ㎚ and 670 ㎚, respectively. And chlorophyll a/b-rich LHCP complexes have another minor peak at 652nm. CPI and LHCP complexes have already formed in the etiolated ginseng leaves after 12 hr light treatment. And chlorophyll a/b ratio of CP1 complex and the percentages of chlorophyll contents of each complexes increased progressively during greening. These results suggest that the light-induced biosynthesis of CP complex molecules and the formation of functional PSI and PS II could occur within 12 hr of illumination in the etiolated ginseng leaves during greening.

Greening에 따른 보리 어린식물의 전자전달과 광인산화반응 활성의 변화

이진범,홍영남,이순희,조영동,권영명,Lee, Chin-Bum,Hong, Young-Nam,Lee, Sun-Hi,Cho, Young-Dong,Kwon, Young-Myung 생화학분자생물학회 1983 한국생화학회지 Vol.16 No.1

어두운 곳에서 7일간 기른 보리(Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Baecdong) 어린식물을 750 ft.c의 빛에서 greening시킬 때 일어나는 광화학반응 및 광인산반응의 변화를 분리 엽록체를 재료로 조사하였다. PS II+I의 활성은 greening 초기(4hr)에서 최대값을 보인 뒤 급속히 감소하다 8시간 이후부터 점진적으로 증가한 반면, PS I의 활성은 초기에서 보인 최대값은 PS II+I 활성과 같은 양상을 보였으나, 8시간 이후 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 PS II 활성은 greening 시킴에 따라 계속적으로 48시간까지 증가하였다. 엽록소 a와 b의 함량은 greening 되면서 급격히 증가하였으며, 특히 chl a/b 값은 8시간 이후에는 거의 3 : 1의 비율이 유지되었다. 광인산화반응이 얼어나지 않는 조건밑에서 엽록체 현탁액의 pH 변화는 빛에 의해 유발되었으며, 엽록소량으로 표시할 경우 acidity는 급격한 감소 현상을 보였고, 단백질량으로 표시한 경우에는 커다란 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 광얀산화반응은 16시간이내의 greening 처리를 한 보리의 분리 염록체에서는 검출되지 않았고, greening 시간을 24시간 이상으로 연장할 때 비로서 뚜렷한 ATP 형성에 의한 pH 변화가 관찰되었다. The development of activities of electron transport and photophosphorylation at various stages of greening was studied with the isolated chloroplast in dark-grown, 7-day-old barley seedlings. The activity of total photosystem(PS II+I) reached the peak at 4 hrs of illumination, after which it sharply decreased (FeCy, DCPIP, or MV as acceptor). After 8hrs greening it increased gradually. The activity of photosystem I (PS I) showed the similar pattern with that of PS II+I during the initial greening time, but it was decreased gradually after 8 hrs greening. That of photosystem II (PS II), however, was increased continuously up to 48hrs. The content of chlorophyll a and b increased abrubtly with greening and the ratio of chl a/b after 8 hrs of illumination reached about 3 : 1. In the absence of photophosphorylation, the pH changes of chloroplast suspension were induced by illumination. In these cases, the acidity per mg chlorophyll was decreased sharply whereas its per mg protein did not show great difference. The photophosphorylation was not detected in the isolated chloroplast within 16 hrs greening, and the pH change produced by ATP formation was observed after 24 hrs greening.

NaCl 에 의한 Scenedesmus quadricauda 의 생장 및 삼투조절

윤세웅,홍영남 ( Sae Woong Yune,Young Nam Hong ) 한국하천호수학회 1991 생태와 환경 Vol.24 No.2

Effects of NaCl on growth rate, photosynthesis and respiration of Scenedesmus quadricauda were investigated, and the osmoregulation of the algae was also investigated. S. quadricauda grown under NaCl showed a reduced growth rate, and a probable increase in mitochondrial respiration with increasing NaCl concentrations. But the rate of photosyntesis in the algae, measured as the light-induced evolution of oxygen, was not affected by NaCl. To understand the osmoregulation, the NaCl concentration was selected about 50% yield as compared with the situation in the absence of NaCl. It was 100 mM NaCl. S. quadricauda has shown an ability for osmoregulation through the changes in internal osmoconcentration. Amino acids and reducing sugars were increased as S. quadricauda was grown under 100 mM NaCl. First of all, rapid accumulation of proline is one of the most remarkable metabolic consequence of high NaCl in S. quadricauda.