일본천주교회의 현지인 교구장 선출 및 임명 과정 ―인류복음화성 역사문서고 문헌들을 중심으로―

권영명 한국교회사연구소 2022 敎會史硏究 Vol.- No.60

This paper intends to develop the existing research on the replacement of the Ordinary of the Catholic Church in Japan, which is regarded as one of the backgrounds of the replacement of the Ordinary of the Catholic Church in Korea during the Japanese colonial period. According to Pope Francis' decision, documents from the period of Pope Pius XII in office were opened to researchers from 2020, so it was possible to reconstruct this diocesan replacement work with materials from the Propaganda Fide Historical Archives. Therefore, by presenting new facts and processes about the event and background of the Vatican's replacement of the position of Ordinary of the Catholic Church in Japan from foreign missionaries to local Japanese priests, the focus is on creating a basis for better understanding of the issue of the replacement of the Ordinary of the Catholic Church in Korea. In the 1920s, the first Japanese bishop was born as part of the Vatican's efforts to localize the missionary churches. However, in the 1930s, as the Japanese government strengthened nationalism, the opposition to it began to be forcibly suppressed. The rapidly growing communism rejected neither the Church nor the State Shinto, so the Vatican and the Japanese government were able to cooperate with each other in this common enemy. Thus, the Vatican allowed believers to visit shrines, but two years later, in 1938, the Second Sino-Japanese War caused the Japanese government to enforce a stricter policy of religious control. Under this circumstance, Japanese priests were appointed as Apostolic Prefect of Kagoshima, Bishop of Nagasaki, and Archbishop of Tokyo. The Religious Organizations Law, which was enforced in 1940, decisively forced foreign missionaries to resign from the position of Ordinary of the Japanese Catholic Church. The apostolic nuncio to Japan explained the specificity of the Catholic Church to the Japanese government, hoping that it would be exempt from this law, and he continued to inform the Vatican of the seriousness of this law. However, ahead of the Pacific War, the Japanese government did not make the Catholic Church an exception to this law. Due to this situation, foreign missionaries abruptly resigned from their positions of Ordinary in the Japanese Catholic Church between 1940 and 1941, and most Japanese priests were appointed as Apostolic Administrator in these vacant positions. So, one Japanese priest was also responsible for the two apostolic districts. If preparations were made for such a replacement of the Ordinary, the Japanese priest would not have been a Ordinary, but would have been directly appointed as the Apostolic Prefect or Apostolic Vicar or Diocesan Bishop or Diocesan Archbishop. These facts show that the Catholic Church in Japan hastily handled the task of handing over the position of the Ordinary head to the local Japanese priests. 본고는 일제강점기 동안 한국천주교회의 한국인 교구장 교체의 배경중에 하나로 보는 일본천주교회의 일본인 교구장 교체와 관련하여 기존의 연구를 발전시키고자 하였다. 프란치스코 교황의 결정에 따라, 2020년부터 비오12세 교황 재임시기의 사료들을 연구자들에게 개방되었기에 인류복음화성 역사문서고의 자료들을 가지고 이러한 교구장 교체 작업을 재구성해 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 교황청이 외국인 선교사들에서 현지 일본인 사제들로 일본교회의 장상 자리를 교체한 사건과 배경에대해 새로운 사실들과 과정들을 보여줌으로써 한국교회의 교구장 교체문제를 더 잘 이해하기 위한 바탕을 만드는 것에 초점을 두었다. 1920년대에는 교황청의 선교지역 교회들의 현지화 시도 노력의 일환으로 첫 일본인 주교가 탄생하였다. 하지만 1930년대에 들어서 일본은국가주의를 강화시켜 나가면서 그에 반대되는 것들은 강제적으로 누르기 시작하였다. 급속히 성장해 나간 공산주의는 교회도 국사신도도 거부하였기에, 교황청과 일본 정부는 이 공동의 적에 서로 협력할 수 있었다. 그리하여 교황청은 신자들에게 신사참배를 허용하였지만, 2년 후인1938년에 중일전쟁으로 일본정부는 한층 강화된 종교 통제 정책을 펼쳤다. 이러한 상황 안에서 일본인 사제들이 가고시마 지목구장, 나가사키교구장, 도쿄 대교구장으로 임명되었다. 1940년에 시행된 종교단체법은 결정적으로 일본교회의 장상 자리에서 외국인 선교사들을 물러나게 만들었다. 주일 교황 사절은 일본정부에천주교회의 특수성을 설명하면서 이 법에서 예외 대상이 되기를 바랬고, 교황청에도 이 법의 심각성을 지속해서 알렸다. 하지만 태평양전쟁을 앞둔 일본에게는 예외는 없었다. 이러한 상황으로 인해 1940-1941년 사이에 서양 선교사들이 일본교회의 장상 자리에서 급하게 사임하였고, 이 빈 자리들에 일본인 사제들이 대부분 서리로 임명되었다. 그래서 한 명의 사제가 두 개의 구역을 맡기도 하였다. 이러한 장상 자리의 교체 준비가 잘 되었다면, 일본인 사제가 서리가 아니고 곧장 지목구장이나 대목구장 또는 교구장으로 임명되었을 것이다. 이러한 사실들 안에서 일본교회는 현지인에게 교회의 장상자리를 넘겨주는 작업을 서둘러서 처리하였음을 보여준다.

Canavanine 이 Lowry 방법에 의한 단백질 정량에 미치는 영향

권영명,전방욱 생화학분자생물학회 1989 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.4

미생물에 의한 벤제노이드의 분해

권영명,하영칠 한국미생물학회 1978 미생물학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The RK-temperate phage which infected with Bacillus cereus was isolated and the characters were investigated. The induction of RK-temperate phage from host bacterium attained by ultraviolet light irradiation (15W, 30cm, 30-120sec) and mitomycin C treatment (0.2-2 ug/ml). The host range of RK-temperate phage was not revealed with lysogenic and related strains of B. cereus. But B. cereus(PS) 352 which obtained by N-nitrosoguanidine treatment(1,000.$\mu$g/ml) to phage infected with host bacteria was sensitive bacteria of RK-temperate phage. RK-temperate phage was stabilized at the condition of nutrient broth (pH 7-8), Tris-buffer (pH 7-8) and ammonium buffer (pH 8-9) and Sorensen's phosphate buffer (pH 6-7), but unstabilized at other salt solutions and pH range. Also, thermostability was to 45.deg.C but unstabilized at above 50.deg.C. At RK-temperate phage, the measurment values of head, neck, mid tail and end tail were 59nm, 9*16nm, 10*189nm, and 10*14nm respectively. The morphology of head was regular polyhedron, and the end tail was coneate form. On the one hand, the number of capsid protein layer of tail were consist of 4, 35, and 1 at neck, mid tail, and end tail, respectively. RK-temperate phage was identified with DNA phage and G+C contents were 38.63. The latent time of RK-temperate phage was 30 minutes and the burst size was 70-80. And the host bacteria was lysed in case of multi-infection, above moi 1.

Canavanine 존재시 합성된 보리 α - Amylase 의 정제와 그 생화학적 성질

권영명,전방욱 생화학분자생물학회 1986 BMB Reports Vol.19 No.2

The effect of canavanine on the GA₃-induced α-amylase in barley halfseeds were investigated. GA3-induced α-amylase (control α-amylase) and the α-amylase to which canavanine was added 12 h after GA₃ treatment (canavanine treated α-amylase) were purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, CHA-affinity chromatography and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and the properties of both kinds of enzyme were comparatively studied. The amino acid analysis of canavanine treated α-amylase revealed that 1.5-1.7 ㏖ of canavanine was incorporated into α-amylase instead of arginine. The pI values of control α-amylase and canavanine treated α-amylase were 5.2 and 4.9 respectively. However, their molecular weights were determined as the same dalton of 50,000 and their optimum temperature and optimum pH as well as the reaction products were the same in both kinds. While K_m values were the same in both kinds, the maximum enzyme reaction velocity using amylose as substrate were 1.6 times faster for control α-amylase than for canavanine treated α-amylase. When the enzyme activators such Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), and Mn^(2+) were treated upon the purified enzymes, the activator concentration of 10^(-3) M had less effect on the activation of control α-amylase then the concentration of 10^(-2) M. However, the situation was reversed in the case of canavanine treated α-amylase. In summary, when canavanine was treated upon barley seeds, its incorporation into α-amylase is considered to decrease the α-amylase activity through changing the structure of the enzyme.

Dunaliella tertiolecta cell-free system에 의한 글리세롤의 성장

권영명 한국미생물학회 1970 미생물학회지 Vol.8 No.1

In the cell-free systems of Dunaliella tertiolecta, fructosediphosphate aldolase hardly contribute to synthesize hexosephosphate from triosephosphate derived from pentosphosphate pathway, and it could be considered that glycerol synthesized from added glucose was synthesized but via 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde as an intermediate not hydroxypyruvate.

성지가 국제적 순례지로 인준받는 과정에 대한 고찰 : 서울순례길과 해미무명순교자순례지를 중심으로

권영명 대전가톨릭대학교 2023 복음과 문화 Vol.- No.28

Inula Sesquiterpene Lactone이 식물호흡에 미치는 영향

권영명,우원식,우린근,이민재,Kwon, Young-Myung,Woo, Won-Sick,Woo, Lin-Keun,Lee, Min-Jai 생화학분자생물학회 1973 한국생화학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Alantolactone의 생물학적 작용기작을 구명하려는 목적에서 먼저 식물의 호흡과 생장에 마치는 영향을 조사하였다. Chlorella pyrenoidosa의 생장은 Inula lactone (alantolactone과 isolalantolactone)에 의하여 크게 억제되었으나, 반대로 호흡은 촉진되어서 산소소비량과 [$U-^{14}C$] glucose로부터의 $^{14}CO_2$ 생성이 모두 증가하였다. 감자에서 Inula lactone은 aged-slice의 호흡은 촉진시켰으나 생절편에 대하여는 별 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 한편 Inula lactone은 aging 과정에서 일어나는 전편의 호흡활성화를 억제할 수 있었으나 Inula lactone을 제거하연 철편의 호흡은 급격하게 증가되었다. In order to investigate the mode of biological action of alantolactone, its effects on the respiration and the growth of plants were examined. The rate of respiration of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was greatly enhanced in the presence of Inula sesquiterpene lactones (alantolactone+isoalantolactone), but the growth of cells was profoundly inhibited. Although Inula sesquiterpene lactones increased the oxygen consumption of the aged potato tuber slices, no effect was observed in the case of the fresh slices. And Inula sesquiterpene lactones also inhibited the activation of the respiration of the slices during the aging process.

생물학 하이라이트 : 식물생장조절 물질

권영명 韓國生物敎育學會 1971 생물교육 Vol.5 No.-

열처리가 보리 종자에서 추출한 Amylase 활성에 미치는 영향

권영명,전방욱,최재은 생화학분자생물학회 1990 BMB Reports Vol.17 No.2

The effect of heat treatment (70℃) on the activities of α-amylase and α-amylase extracted from barley (Hordeum vudgare L.cv. Baecdong) seeds was investigated. After 20 min-heat treatment, α-amylase activity was completely lost and most of α-amylase activity was lost, but somewhat detectable α-amylase activity remained. Electrophoretic study of amylases revealed that α-amylase bands remained but α-amylase bands were completely lost after 20 min-heat treatment. These results suggest that precautions must be taken when selective α-amylase inactivation by heat treatment is to be employed to assay α-amylase activity or to purify α-amylase protein.

Inula Sesquiterpene Lactone 이 식물호흡에 미치는 영향

권영명,우원식,우인근,이민제 ( Young Myung Kwon,Won Sick Woo,Lin Keun Woo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1973 BMB Reports Vol.6 No.2

In order to investigate the mode of biological action of alantolactone, its effects on the respiration and the growth of plants were examined. The rate of respiration of Chloredlu pyrenoidosa was greatly enhanced in the presence of Inula sesquiterpene lactones(alantolactone+isoalantolactone), but the growth of cells was profoundly inhibited. Although Inula sesquiterpene lactones increased the oxygen consumption of the aged potato tuber slices, no effect was observed in the case of the fresh slices. And Inula sesquiterpene lactones also inhibited the activation of the respiration of the slices during the aging process.