무 (Raphanus sativus L.) 자엽에서 산화질소 (Nitric oxide)에 의해 유도된 부정근 형성과정에 대한 칼슘의 효과

진창덕 한국식물생명공학회 2007 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.3

The treatment of radish cotyledons with a nitric oxide (NO)- releasing substance, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) resulted in an increased adventitious root development in a dose-dependent manner. However, this NO- mediated enhancement effect was reversed when either 0.5 mM EGTA (an extracellular Ca2+chelator) or 0.1 mM LaCl3 (a calcium channel blocker) was applied with 50 µM SNP. Our results also showed that guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and syringaldazine peroxidase (SPX) activities, which are known to play a key role in rooting, were more largely increased during adventitious root induction in the cotyledons treated with SNP. However, the treatment of cotyledons with SNP plus LaCl3 inhibited the SNP-induced increases in the activities of both GPX and SPX. Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antagonist of calmodulin (a specific calcium-binding protein), also delayed adventitious root formation and significantly reduced the root length and number of the SNP-treated cotyledons as well as the deactivation of GPX and SPX enzymes. In conclusion, our results suggest that calcium is involved in the NO response leading to induction of adventitious root through a regulation of GPX and SPX.

무 (Raphanus sativus L.) 자엽에서 산화질소 (Nitric oxide)에 의해 유도된 부정근 형성과정에 대한 칼슘의 효과

진창덕,Jin, Chang-Duck 한국식물생명공학회 2007 식물생명공학회지 Vol.34 No.3

분리된 무 자엽 조직에 산화질소 (nitric oxide: NO) 공여체인 sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 처리 시 농도 의존방식으로 부정근의 발달을 증진시켰다. 그러나 이러한 NO 증진 효과는 세포외 칼슘 chelator인 0.5 mM EGTA 또는 세포막 칼슘채널 차단제인 0.1 mM $LaCl_3$를 각각 $50\;{\mu}M$ SNP와 함께 혼합처리 시 반전되었다. 또한, 뿌리 발생에서 중심적 역할을 수행하는 것으로 알려진 guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)와 syringaldazine peroxidase (SPX)의 활성도가 SNP 단독 처리된 자엽에서 부정근이 형성되는 동안 현저히 증가하였다. 그러나, SNP와 $LaCl_3$ 혼합처리 시 SNP에 의해 유도된 GPX와 SPX 활성도 증가가 거의 증류수 대조구 수준으로 억제되었다. calmodulin의 anatagonist인 trifuoperazine 역시 SNP로 처리된 자엽에서 부정근 형성을 억제하여 발생된 뿌리의 개수와 길이를 감소시켰으며 동시에 GPX와 SPX를 불활성화 하였다. 결론적으로, 이들 결과는 칼슘이 GPX와 SPX 활성도 조절을 통해 부정근 유도를 이끄는 NO 반응에 포함되어 있음을 나타내는 것이다. The treatment of radish cotyledons with a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing substance, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) resulted in an increased adventitious root development in a dose-dependent manner. However, this NO-mediated enhancement effect was reversed when either 0.5 mM EGTA (an extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator) or 0.1 mM $LaCl_3$ (a calcium channel blocker) was applied with $50\;{\mu}M$ SNP. Our results also showed that guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and syringaldazine peroxidase (SPX) activities, which are known to play a key role in rooting, were more largely increased during adventitious root induction in the cotyledons treated with SNP. However, the treatment of cotyledons with SNP plus $LaCl_3$ inhibited the SNP-induced increases in the activities of both GPX and SPX. Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antagonist of calmodulin (a specific calcium-binding protein), also delayed adventitious root formation and significantly reduced the root length and number of the SNP-treated cotyledons as well as the deactivation of GPX and SPX enzymes. In conclusion, our results suggest that calcium is involved in the NO response leading to induction of adventitious root through a regulation of GPX and SPX.

교육교회400호 수기 공모 발표작

진창덕 장로회신학대학교 기독교교육연구원 2011 교육교회 Vol.400 No.-

무우자엽의 엽록체 발달에 미치는 Triacontanol 의 효과

진창덕,홍영남 ( Chang Duck Jin,Young Nam Hong ) 생화학분자생물학회 1988 BMB Reports Vol.21 No.1

The chloroplast development after application of triacontanol (TRIA) to germinating-radish seedling showed differential response on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll-protein(CP) complexes, thylakoid polypeptides, chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity. In the chloroplast isolated from young (4-day-old) cotyledons, TRIA was efficient in promotion of all the above traits in contrast with non-treated control. Especially, total activity of RuBPCase, which is marker enzyme in photosynthesis, was increased by TRIA up to 11% over non-treated control. In senescing (7-day-old) cotyledon chloroplast, however, TRIA showed favorable influence on stabilization of structure and function of chloroplast with respect to these characters. The above results suggest the chloroplast as a useful assay system in a plant growth response to TRIA.

분리된 밀 엽록체의 단백질의 분해에 대한 Peptide Hydrolase 의 역할

진창덕,홍영남 ( Chang Duck Jin,Young Nam Hong ) 생화학분자생물학회 1992 BMB Reports Vol.25 No.4

Intact chloroplasts were isolated mechanically from the primary leaves of 6-day old wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) and purified by using Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The proteolysis in isolated wheat chloroplasts during 24 h dark incubation at 30℃ was detected by following the degradation of the large subunit (LSU) of RuBPCase and the light harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCP) complex by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In relation to the intrachloroplast localization of protease activity, the thylakoid fraction exhibited large activity while the stroma fraction did not. Time course of activities of acid endopeptidase and neutral aminopeptidase in isolated chloroplasts during 24 h dark incubation were as follows: the endopeptidase activity was high at the initial stage (0 to 2 h incubation ) and continuously lowered after 2 h incubation, on the other hand the aminopeptidase activity was very low at the start and gradually increased thereafter.

Paraquat 스트레스를 받는 무 (Raphanus sativus L) 유식물에서 H2O2 분해 효소에 대한 폴리아민의 효과

진창덕 한국식물생명공학회 2009 식물생명공학회지 Vol.36 No.2

무 (Raphanus sativus L.) 유식물의 자엽에 polyamines (PAs) 중 특히 1 mM spermidine (Spd) 전처리 시 paraquat (PQ)에 의해 유도 되는 자엽의 산화적 손상이 경감되었다. 즉, 자엽의 생체량, 엽록 소, 단백질 함량의 소실과 자엽 내 H2O2의 과다축적과 같은 현상이 현저히 완화되었다. 이와 관련해서 H2O2 분해 효소인 catalase (CAT)와 guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)의 총활성도 변화를 조사하였으 며 그 결과, PQ에 노출된 자엽에서 PA 중 1 mM Spd 전처리에 의 하여 CAT 활성도가 크게 증가하였고 또한 PQ에 의한 급속한 GPX 활성도 감소 역시 현저히 억제되어 거의 대조구 수준을 보였다. CAT와 GPX 동위효소 조성에 대한 native gel 분석 결과, PQ에 노 출된 자엽에서 1 mM Spd 전처리 시 CAT 동위효소 1개 (CAT1)와 GPX 동위효소 1개 (GPX1)의 활성도가 현저히 증가하였으며 또한 새로운 GPX 동위효소 1개가 생성된 것을 확인하여 이 들 동위효 소가 PQ 내성 발현에 보다 큰 기여를 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 위 결과들로부터, PAs 중 특히 Spd가 PQ에 노출된 무 자엽에서 내 재성 H2O2 함량 수준을 조절하는 CAT와 GPX 효소의 발현 유도를 통해 항산화 보호제로서의 역할을 수행하는 것으로 생각되었다 Application of exogenous polyamines (PAs) reduced the paraquat (PQ)-induced cotyledon injuries in radish seedling plants with 1 mM spermidine (Spd) being the most effective protectant. PQ injury symptoms in the cotyledons, e.g., large accumulation of H2O2 , and losses of fresh weight, chlorophyll, and proteins, were significantly alleviated. Likewise, analysis of H2O2-scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) showed that pretreatment with Spd among PAs remarkably increased total CAT activity and strongly retarded PQ-induced rapid decline in total GPX activity. In a native gel assay, one CAT isozyme (CAT1) and two GPX isozymes (GPX1 and a newly synthesized GPX isozyme) proved to be more responsible for PQ tolerance, as manifested by the strong increases in their activities by Spd pretreatment. Based on these results, we can suggest that PAs (especially 1 mM Spd) may function as antioxidant protectors by invoking CAT and GPX enzymes which control the endogenous H2O2 level in radish cotyledons exposed to PQ.

The Effect of Triacontanol on Chloroplast Development of Radish Cotyledons

진창덕,홍영남,Jin, Chang-Duck,Hong, Young-Nam 생화학분자생물학회 1988 한국생화학회지 Vol.21 No.1

엽록체 발달에 미치는 triacontanol의 효과를 밝히기 위하여, 1.0 mg $1^{-1}$ 농도의 triacontanol로 처리된 무우(Raphanus sativus L.) 유식물에 있어서 자엽의 aging에 따른 엽록소함량, 엽록소-단백질 복합체 형성, 엽록체 틸라코이드막 단백질의 발달, 엽록체와 세포질의 rRNA 발달 및 RuBPCase 활성등을 조사하였다. 발아 후 4일된 어린자엽으로부터 분리된 엽록체에 있어서, triacontanol은 대조구에 비하여, 위의 모든 특성을 촉진시키는 경향성을 보였다. 특히 광합성의 표지 효소인 RuBPCase의 활성은 triacontanol 처리시 대조구에 비하여 11% 증가되었다. 발아 후 7일된 노쇠중인 자엽의 엽록체에서는, triacontanol은 엽록소함량 및 RuBPCase활성 감소의 지연과 엽록소-단백질 복합체, 틸라코이드막 단백질 및 엽록체와 세포질의 rRNA의 분해를 억제하여 엽록체 구조의 안정화와 기능유지에 영향을 주었다. 이상의 결과는 triacontanol에 대한 식물의 생장반응을 분석하는데 있어서 엽록체가 유용한 대상이 될 수 있음을 의미한다. The chloroplast development after application of triacontanol (TRIA) to germinating radish seedling showed differential response on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll-protein(CP) complexes, thylakoid polypeptides, chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity. In the chloroplast isolated from young (4-day-old) cotyledons, TRIA was efficient in promotion of all the above traits in contrast with non-treated control. Especially, total activity of RuBPCase, which is marker enzyme in photosynthesis, was increased by TRIA up to 11% over non-treated control. In senescing (7-day-old) cotyledon chloroplast, however, TRIA showed favorable influence on stabilization of structure and function of chloroplast with respect to these characters. The above results suggest the chloroplast as a useful assay system in a plant growth response to TRIA.

노쇠중인 밀잎에서 Benzyladenine에 의한 막단백질의 안정화(식물학회지 35:2,117-123.1991)

진창덕 江原大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1991 生命科學硏究論叢 Vol.9 No.-

老衰中인 밀 잎에서 Ascorbate-Glutathione 回路 關聯 酵素의 發達에 대한 Benzyladenone의 효과

진창덕 江原大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1995 生命科學硏究論叢 Vol.13 No.-

노쇠중인 밀 잎에서 Ascorbate - Glutathion 회로 관련 효소의 발달에 대한 Benzyladenine 의 효과

진창덕 (Chang Duck Jin) 한국식물학회 1995 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.38 No.1

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