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저 Pb Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In계 솔도 합금의 특성에 관한 연구
홍순국,주철홍,강정윤,김인배,Hong, Sun-Guk,Ju, Cheol-Hong,Gang, Jeong-Yun,Kim, In-Bae 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.11
Pb의 환경오염 문제를 발생하지 않는 저농도 Pb 솔도합금을 개발하기 위하여, 새로운 Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In계 합금 조성을 설계하고, 이 합금의 융점, 젖음성, 상분석, 경도, 인장강도, 드로스성을 평가하여, Sn-37%Pb 솔더오 대체 가능성을 타진하였다. Sn-37%Pb 솔도 합금의 Pbdldhs 용출농도는 국제규제치인 3ppm보다 훨씬 적은 0.46ppm이었고, 환경문제를 유발하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 합금계의 융점은 $183-192^{\circ}C$이고, 응고온도범위도 $5^{\circ}C$내외로 매우 좁았다. 젖음성은 In의 첨가양에 따라 큰 차이가 거의 없었으며, Sn-375Pb와 비슷하였다. 융점 및 젖음성 측면에서 Sn-37%Pb와 대체 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 경도는 Sn-37%Pb의 약 1.5배이고, 인장강도는 Sn-37%Pb의 것보다 높고, In의 첨가량에 따라 증가하였지만, 연신율은 감소하였다. In이 1% 첨가된 합금에서는 수지 상정 경계에 Ag3Sn과 Pb가 정출되고, 3% 이상에서는 $Ag_3Sn$과 $Ag_3In$ 및 Pb가 정출되었다. 드로스 생성속도는 Sn-37%Pb 합금이 Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag 합금보다 빠르고, In을 첨가할수록 느리고 2%의 In을 첨가한 합금은 180분에서도 거의 드로스가 발생하지 않았다. This work designed Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In solder alloy to develop the solder alloy with low Pb content. This solder alloy doesn't cause environmental pollution. and this study reviewed the probability of replacement of Sn-37%Pb solder as evaluation of melting range, wettability. microstructure, microhardne'ss, tensile strength, drossability of this new solder alloys. The level of international regulation in dissolution amount of Pb ion was 3ppm. But dissolution amount of Pb ion in Sn-5%Pb solder alloy confirmed not to threat the global environmental is 0.46ppm. The melting range of this solder alloy was $183-192^{\circ}C$. Also the range of solidification was very narrow within $5^{\circ}C$. The wettability was similar to Sn-37%Pb solder, and the effect of amount of In addition of wettability couldn't be founded. The probability of replacement in the melting range and wettability is very high. And microhardness of this solder alloy was 1.5 times of conventional type solder. Tensile strength of new solder alloys was a little high than that of conventional type solder. With increasing amount of In% addition, tensile strength was increased, but elongation was decreased. The solder alloy of l%In addition revealed AgSn and Pb on dendrite microstructure boundary, and $Ag_3Sn$, $Ag_3In$ and Pb were revealed on it at the solder alloy of 3% In addition. The drossability was superior to Sn-37%Pb solder alloy and the solder alloys of 2% In addition was not generated for 3hrs.
농촌하천 유역의 주 오염원 추적을 위한 안정성 동위원소 질량비 분석
홍영진 ( Hong Young Jin ),김철성 ( Kim Chul Sung ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ) 한국농공학회 1999 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.1999 No.-
It has been acknowledged that fertilizer and animal waste have different ratio of <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N which is presented as a symbol of δ <sup>15</sup>N, and that the values of δ <sup>15</sup>N for fertilizer and animal waste are placed less than +8%<sub>0</sub> and higher than +10%<sub>0</sub>, respectively. By this reason, the demarcation range for the source nitrogen mass ratio is between +8 %<sub>0</sub> and + 10 %<sub>0</sub>. In this study, we would suggest a possible method to trace the major pollution basis using 'the nitrogen isotope analysis method for management of water quality.
홍순국(Hong, Soon-Gook),김준홍(Kim, June-Hong),전태원(Jun, Tae-Won) 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.65
The main purpose of this study is to suggest directions of operating exercise programs for elderly at local senior welfare centers as well as the methods to improve their qualities by analyzing the programs themselves and their participants. We analyzed subjects (n=108) who had taken parts in 17 exercise programs out of 68 social education programs for approximately four months. Participating in these programs at the center resulted in somewhat positive outcomes in the elderly, but these programs did not provide sufficient levels of intensity nor plentiful types of exercises to overcome negative effects of aging. Based on this result with the information provided, we drew a conclusion that it is recommended to have resistance and aerobic exercises in equal portions when establishing these exercise programs. In addition, we recommend that systematic consultations and managements of exercise programs be provided to individuals based on their results from the preliminary examinations performed with scientific methods. Moreover, given limitations in spaces, it is needed for instructors to have assistants or to use visual aids to enhance efficiency of their classes, while providing frequent feedbacks on the level of intensity that is appropriate for each individual and additional information regarding their proper dietary plans.
충남지역(忠南地域) 유우유방염(乳牛乳房炎)의 감염율(感染率) 및 원인균(原因菌)에 관한 연구(硏究)
김홍수,홍순국,소경택,한홍률,Kim, Hong Soo,Hong, Soon Kook,So, Kyung Tack,Han, Hong Ryul 대한수의학회 1974 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.14 No.1
A total of 820 dairy cattle were examined formastitis by California mastitis test method and 181 dairy cattle were examined bacteriologically according to the method of Connecticut mastitis control program. The results obtained were as followings: 1. Milk samples from 1.231(38.1%) of 3,225 quarters and 568(69.3%) of 820 dairy cattle were positive for mastitis by California mastitis test method. 2. Among 181 cattle examined bacteriologically by the method of Connecticut mastitis control program 159(22.9%) quarters of 102(56.4%) cattle were infected. Clinical mastitis was found in 5 cattle. 3. Important causative organisms were found to de Staphylococcus aureus(44.8%), Streptococcus agalactiae(21.5%), and non-str, agalactiae Streptococcus(26.4%). Corynebacterium ssp., Pseudomonas spp., Coliforms and Yeasts were also occasionally found to be causative organisms. 4. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine udders were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics. The rates of resistant strain were 13.7%, 11.8%, 8.8%, 5.9%, 100%, 4.9% and 4.9% for penicillin G, streptomycin, terramycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and kanamycin, respectively.
Fe-30 Ni-0.24C합금에서 역변태 오스테나이트의 기계적 성질에 미치는 이전가공도 및 역변태 Cycle수의 영향
김학신,이규복,홍순국 ( H . S . Kim,K . B . Lee,S . K . Hong ) 한국열처리공학회 1990 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.3 No.4
In this study, the ausformed martensite cooled to -196℃ with various deformation degrees in Fe-30%Ni-0.24%C alloy was transformed to reversed austenite at 500℃ by cyclic reverse martensitic transformation. The effects of prior deformation and the number of cyclic reverse transformation on the microstructure and the mechanical properities of reversed anstensite were investigated. Experimental results showed that the strength of reversed austenite was higer than that of original austenite. This is due to higher dislocation density and grain refining. The reversed austenite formed from ausformed martensite was highly strengthened by prior deformation. This strengthening effect of reversed austenite is attributed to higher dislocation density than grain fefining. The yield strength of reversed austenite below 30% prior deformation, but above 30% prior deformation the strength of reversed austenite is lower than that of deformed austenite. This is due to partly disappearance of strain hardening effect at higher deformation degree by reverse transformation. The strength of reversed austenite is increased with the number of cyclic transformation. Especially, it is principally strengthened by the first cyclic transformation and shows higher increase in yield strength than that of ultimate tensile strength.