Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy를 이용한 스테인리스 강의 계면 저항 분석

허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),이용헌 ( Yong Heon Lee ),신헌철 ( Heon Cheol Shin ) 대한금속·재료학회 2009 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.47 No.10

The passivation (or deactivation) of a metal surface during oxide film formation has been quantitatively explored for a ferritic stainless steel by using dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). For this purpose, the electrochemical impedance spectra were carefully examined as a function of applied potential in the active nose region of the potentiodynamic polarization curve, to separate the charge transfer resistance and oxide film resistance. From the discrepancy in the potential dependence between the experimental charge transfer resistance and the semi-empirically expected one, the degree of passivation could be quantitatively estimated. The sensitivity of passivation of the steel surface to anodic potential, which might be the measure of the quality of the oxide film formed under unit driving force or over-potential, decreased by 31% when 3.5 wt% NaCl was added to a 5 wt% H2SO4 solution.

도계장 출하 닭에 대한 뉴캐슬병 항체가 조사

허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),이국천 ( Kuk Cheon Lee ),조명희 ( Myung Heui Cho ),김국헌 ( Kuk Hun Kim ),하대식 ( Dae Sik Hah ),김종수 ( Jong Shu Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 2006 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

To investigate serum antibody titers of Newcastle disease(ND) virus, serum samples were collected from 19,774 slaughtered chickens from 862 farms in Geoje, Goseong, Tongyung and other province during the period from January 2001 to December 2005. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The negative percentage of ND antibody titer with below 1.0 levels decreased from 46.7% in 2001 to 40.5% in 2004 but those of it increased to 47.0% in 2005 and the positive percentage of ND antibody titer with higher 5 levels increased from 15.8% in 2001 to 26.2% in 2005. 2. The season levels of ND antibody titer showed various levels according to seasons but the general trend of ND antibody titer decreased in the later half of the year than those of the first half of the year. 3. The negative percentage of ND antibody titer on provinces decreased from 52.0%(2001) to 36.2%(2004) in Goseong but those of it increased to 51.4% in 2005. The negative percentage of ND antibody titer of Tongyung and other provinces increased from 51.0%, 28.5%(2001) to 55.0% and 44.3%(2005), respectively. 4. The year average levels of ND antibody titer increased from 2.2 to 2.6 during 2001-2004 but those of it decreased to 2.4 in 2005. The provinces average levels of ND antibody titer increased from 2.0 to 2.8 during 2001-2005 and others provinces except Gyeongnam decreased from 3.3 to 2.6 during the 2001-2005. 5. The farm average levels of ND antibody titer with below 1.0 levels decreased from 26.3% in 2001 to 10.2% in 2004 but those of it increased to 17.6% in 2005 and those of below 1.0 or 2.0 levels increased from 17.9%(2001) to 27.7%(2005). The protective levels of ND antibody titer with higher 5.0 levels increased from 2.1% in 2001 to 8.8% in 2005.

경남 남부지방에서 사육 중인 송아지의 설사병에 관한 역학적 연구

허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),조명희 ( Myung Heui Cho ),이국천 ( Kuk Cheon Lee ),박미남 ( Mi Nam Park ),조은정 ( Eun Jeong Cho ),최만수 ( Man Su Choi ),김충희 ( Chung Hui Kim ),강정부 ( Joung Boo Kang ),김의경 ( Eui Kyung Kim ),김종수 ( 한국가축위생학회 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics such as isolation rate and antimicrobial drug susceptibility of etiological agents. The specimens (stool or intestine) were collected from 319 calves with clinical diarrhea from 195 farms in Gyeongnam south area (Gosung, Tongyung, Hadong) from June 2005 to August 2006. The isolation rate of Salmonella spp was higher in summer (8.4%) than in winter (4.8%) and the average was 7.2% (23/319 head). Some of Salmonella spp isolated were resistant to penicillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and cephalexin (>90%), but some of them were suscep-tible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amikacin(>30%). There was no statistical difference in the isolation rate of Eimeria spp between summer(48.9%) and winter(42.3%). For the evaluation of infection level of Eimeria spp oocyst per gram of feces(OPG) was examined, and severe, moderate and light infection level were 11.9%, 12.5% and 22.3%, respectively. In the isolation rates of Eimeria spp the calves under 19 days was lowerthan those over 60 days, but there was not different among herd size.

항구포자충제제의 사용 여부에 따른 구포자충 감염실태 조사

허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),정명호 ( Myung Ho Jung ),김국헌 ( Kuk Hun Kim ),조명희 ( Myung Heui Cho ),이국천 ( Kuk Cheon Lee ),서종립 ( Jong Lip Seo ),김충희 ( Chung Hui Kim ),하대식 ( Dae Sik Hah ),류재두 ( Jae Doo Ryu ),김곤섭 ( Gon 한국가축위생학회 2005 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Eimeria infection according to anti-coccidiosis drugs treatment in 1,300 slaughtered chickens from 130 farms in Gyeongnam, Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongbuk and Chungnam during the period from October 2002 to August 2003. The prevalence of Eimeria infection by drug administration for treatment and prevention or non-administration was shown 71.4%, 82.6% and 72.3%, respectively, and so infection rate of chicken farms was similar independent on drug administration or not. The prevalence of Oocysts infection level of chicken farms by administrated drug for treatment was shown lower (25.3%) than for prevention (35.4%) and non-treatment (36.2%). The prevalence of Oocysts infection level by drug administration under 2 days for treatment was shown higher infection rate (32.2%) than over 3 days (20%) and also under 2 days for prevention has similar tendency of that of treatment and so, it was conclusion that administration of drug over 3 days has the effect for treatment and prevention of Eimeria infection. The prevalence of Oocysts infection level by age for prevention has various level from 48.8% to 22.9% but on 22~25 days was shown the most higher ratio (48.8%) and on 19∼21 days was shown the lowest rate (22.9%) among the all age groups.

유방염에 이환된 젖소에 있어서 혈액 동태학에 관한 연구

허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),손성기 ( Sung Gi Son ),이주홍 ( Ju-hong Lee ),김종수 ( Jong Shu Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 1995 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Hemodynamic values were assessed in cows with naturally mastatis. hemodynamic tests included WBC, RBC, PCV, Hemoglobin, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, and prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, platelet, antithrombin-Ⅲ, and plasminogen activities. Significant changes were observed in the mean values of most analytses: WBC, monocytes, eosinophil, neutrophil were increased and lymphocyte were decreased. prothrombin time was increased: activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time. Increased: activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen concentration, plasminogen activity and platelet concentration were decreased; and RBC, PCV, hemoglobin and antithrombin-Ⅲ activity were unchanged, compared with normal mean values. Thesse data indicated activation of hemodynamic mechanisms, initiated either directly by bacteria produced endotoxin of secondaly inflammatory mediators produced in response to caused bacteria and naturally acquired mastitis was very similar to the experimental endotoxin-induced mastitis.

경남 남부지방에서 송아지설사병 원인체 바이러스 검출 조사

허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),조명희 ( Myung Heui Cho ),이국천 ( Kuk Cheon Lee ),박미남 ( Mi Nam Park ),조은정 ( Eun Jeong Cho ),최만수 ( Man Su Choi ),김충희 ( Chung Hui Kim ),강정부 ( Joung Boo Kang ),김의경 ( Eui Kyung Kim ),김종수 ( 한국가축위생학회 2008 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

Among calves` diseases, digestive diseases most frequently occur in Korea, and especially viral diarrhea is one of the most important diseases. This study was conducted to get some basic information for the control of the viral diarrhea in calves. The samples were obtained from 319 calves with clinical diarrhea from 195 farms in Gyeongnam south area (Gosung, Tongyung, Hadong) from June 2005 to August 2006. Viral detection was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Etiological viruses were detected from 171(53.6%) of 319 calves, and bovine rotavirus (BRV) were 130 (40.8%) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 41 (12.9%), and no coronavirus was confirmed. Statistical difference was found in BRV detection between summer (32.6%) and winter (57.7%). However there was no seasonal difference in BVDV. In detection rate of the calves under 19days, BRV was highest (55.1%), but BVDV lowest (5.1%). No big difference was in rate among herd size. However, BRV was lowest (26.8%) in the group over 51 heads, but BVDV was highest (19.5%) in the same.

Diazinon이의 계배(鷄胚) 기형 유발에 미치는 영향 1. 계배(鷄胚)형태와 콜린성 봉쇄약물과의 관계

허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),손성기 ( Sung Gi Son ),이주홍 ( Ju Hong Lee ),김종수 ( Jong Su Kim ) 한국가축위생학회 1994 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Teratogenic effects of diazinon were assessed morphologically and cholinergic blocking agents. Diazinon at doses ranging from 25 to 2000 ug/egg, was injected on day 3 of incubation. TD50s were different for the various teratogenic signs(wry neck, micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak and curled claws). The threshould dose for wry neck was higher than threshould dose for other signs; 40 ug/egg produced substantial micromelia, abnormal feathering. abnormal beak and curled claws, but gave no signs of wry neck. In contrast to the teratogenic doses, the LD50 of diazinon was very high(above 2000 ug/egg). One of the characteristics of diazinon-induced teratogenesis was reduced body weight(78.7%) and body length(73.8%). Maximal teratogenic effects, scored as signs of retarded growth, wry neck micromelia, abnormal feathering, abnormal beak, and curled claws, were produced when the insectcide was administered on the third or fourth day. The threshold dose for type II teratogenic signs(such as wry neck and short neck) was higher than for type I(such as micromelia and abnormal feathering). Morphological studies, using atropine and gallamine, suggested that nicotine but not muscarinic receptors may be involved in the mechanism of diazinon induced type II malformations.

경남 남부지방의 흑염소 사양관리 및 내부기생충 감염실태 조사

허정호 ( Jeong Ho Heo ),정명호 ( Myung Ho Jung ),조명희 ( Myung Heui Cho ),안동원 ( Dong Won Ahn ),이순선 ( Sun Seon Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 1999 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Research results on actual management situation of 16 goat farms and internal parasite infection of 155 goats from January to November in 1997 in southern Kyoungnam area were as follows; 1. An average number of goats was 93. Among them, 81 % were farming the goat as avocation with the income rate less then 50%. Eight-four percent of farms terminated the parasites more than twice a year, and the survey showed the black goats had a high digestive and respiratory disease infection rate. 2. The internal parasite infection rate of the black goat was 96.8%, the goats were infected with 13 types of parasites. Of them, Emeria sp was 87.1%, Ostertagia sp 55.5%, Paraphista-num sp 45.8%, and Moniezia expansa 20%, respectively. 3. On the survey of multiple infection rate, both double and triple infection were 19.4%, more than septuple-infection 15,5%, single infection 13.4%, quintuple infection 12.3%, sextuple infection 9.0% and quadruple infection 7.7%, respectively. 4. Look over on seasonal infection rate, higher in fall and lower in winter. Especially, Paramishi-tom sp was higher in summer and winter, both Moniezia expansan and Bonaostom sp were higher in summer. 5. Research on the infection rate of parasites termination period revealed less-than-l-month period had 10-30 infection rate, the infection rate has increased sharply since 3 months passed after the goats were treated with parasite-cid.

젖소 유방염 관리에 따른 세균 및 체세포수 등급 실태 조사 분속

허정호 ( Jeong Ho Heo ),정명호 ( Myung Ho Jung ),박영호 ( Yeong Ho Park ),조명희 ( Myung Heui Cho ),이주홍 ( Ju Hong Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 1999 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms` grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmers didn`t do CMT. Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farm s(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72 %) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28%). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands. 73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32 %) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

경남지역의 돼지톡소플라즈마병 감염실태 조사

김은경 ( Eun Gyeong Kim ),박호정 ( Ho Jung Park ),손병국 ( Byeong Guk Son ),정명호 ( Myeong Ho Jung ),허정호 ( Jung Ho Heo ),황보원 ( Bo Won Hwang ) 한국가축위생학회 2010 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

Toxoplasma gondii is a species of parasitic protozoa in the genus Toxoplasma. The definitive host of T. gondii is the cat, but the parasite can be carried by the vast majority of warm-blooded animals, including humans. It is often found in the tissues of food animals including pigs and sheep. To determine the regional prevalence of infection with T. gondii, bloods (n=300) from domestic pigs and tissues (n=200) from slaughter pigs in Gyeongnam province were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of antibody and antigen. A total of 115 sero-positive pigs were identified for a prevalence rate of 38.3%. Of the 50 herds from domestic pigs tested, 34 had at least one sero-positive pig for a herd prevalence rate of 68.0%. Sero-positive rates of pigs in fattening farm were higher than that of pigs in breeding company. Sero-positive rates of sows were higher than that of growing pigs. Seasonally, sero-positive rates of pigs were highest in winter (80.0%) and lowest in spring (23.8%). According to farm size, sero-positive rates of pigs were higher in small size farms (≤2,000) than that of big size farms (>2,000). However, none of the bloods (n=300) from domestic pigs and tissues (n=200) from slaughter pigs were positive for T. gondii specific DNA by PCR.