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Noodle Odyssey: East Asia and Beyond
한경구 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2010 Korea Journal Vol.50 No.1
This paper is an attempt to use Korean ramyeon to examine some of the major issues in the study of food and culture. In Japan, as in Korea, ramen and ramyeon not only came to find loyal consumers and occupy significant places in the food culture of both countries, but also began to cross national boundaries to find fans and markets in China and other countries. The Chinese noodle has come home, after a hundred-year-long voyage to and from Japan via Korea. Three points will be made. Firstly, Korean ramyeon has become a separate kind of global food, quite different from Japanese ramen. Ramyeon in Korea means “instant noodle,” while ramen in Japan generally refers to noodles sold in ramen restaurants as well as instant noodle. Second,Korean ramyeon is a class confuser that, instead of delineating and reinforcing class distinctions, seems to confuse and modify them. Third, I propose to introduce the concept of “ramyeonization.” This process is found in the increase of new forms of instant food sold in plastic packages, and also involves the dominance of hot and spicy taste in Korean cuisine. Further,ramyeonization involves individualization and fragmentation of meals and the resultant impact on family and society at large.
The Archaeology of the Ethnically Homogeneous Nation-State and Multiculturalism in Korea
한경구 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2007 Korea Journal Vol.47 No.4
This paper intends to excavate and examine the long-forgotten natural-ization practices and policies of traditional Korea that existed beforethe advent of a single-raced nationalism, based on the transformationof Dangun from the first king into the biological ancestor of Koreans.The following three points will be made: first, the so-called ethnicnationalism that underlines the purity of Korean blood is not an inte-gral part of Korean tradition. Traditional Korea did not consider itselfto be ethnically homogeneous. In addition, it is erroneous to say thatKoreans lack a historical experience of living together with foreigners. Second, ethnic homogeneity in Korean nationalism is a relativelyrecent phenomenon. Korean nationalism was based on a profoundsense of cultural distinctiveness and superiority. The idea of Koreans asbeing the descendants of Dangun was originally introduced to empha-size the Korean political and cultural life as being old as that of China.Third, those who identify ethnic homogeneity as the main cause forprejudice and discrimination against foreigners are actually engagingthe wrong enemy, because the real cause is this very sense of being civi-lized and culturally superior. This is why multiculturalism is so easilyembraced by nationalists.